The document explains how to form formal commands in Spanish. To form a command for an -AR verb, take the yo form and drop the -o and add -e. For -ER/-IR verbs, take the yo form, drop the -o and add -a. Some irregular verbs follow the same pattern but with different vowels added. To give a command to more than one person, add -n to the command form.

1. An explanation of Formal Commands in Spanish ¡Hazlo!

2. Commands in English… … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to tell people what they should do: Stand up! Sit down! Do your homework! Take out the garbage! Be quiet!

3. Commands in Spanish… … are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: Tú: informal, singular Vosotros: informal, plural Ud.: formal, singular Uds.: formal, plural However, we will concentrate on the formal commands only.

4. Hable despacio, por favor. The speaker is talking to one person. Can you figure out how we got the form “ hable ”? Take the “yo” form of the present: HABLO Drop the –o : HABL - “ Hablar” is an –AR verb, so add –E to form the command: HABLE -AR verbs

5. Drop & Swap!

6. Repita , por favor. The speaker is talking to one person. Can you figure out how we got the form “ repita ”? Take the “yo” form of the present: REPITO Drop the –o : REPIT - “ Repetir” is an –IR verb, so add –A to form the command: REPITA -ER/-IR Verbs

7. Drop & Swap!

8. Opposite vowels Think of the verb adding the “ opposite vowel” AR verbs add an –E. ER & IR verbs add an –A .

9. Let’s try a couple! Com er : ¡______ Ud.! Escrib ir : ¡_____ Ud.! Tom ar : ¡_____ Ud.! Beb er : ¡______ Ud.!

10. More than one person?  Uds… Coman Uds. la paella. Right! Just add an –N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person .

11. Let’s try a few more! Comer: ¡______ Uds.! Escribir: ¡_____ Uds.! Tomar: ¡_____ Uds.!

12. Some irregulars…¿Qué pasa? Haga la tarea. ~hacer=to do Hacer > yo hago > -o + -a Tenga paciencia. ~tener=to have Tener > yo tengo > -o + -a Salga ahora.~ salir=to leave Salir > yo salgo > - o + -a Vuelva a casa.~volver=to return Volver > yo vuelvo > -o + -a Piense bien.~pensar=to think Pensar > yo pienso > -o + -e These verbs follow the same formula: start with the yo form, drop the –o, and add the opposite vowel.

13. En la cocina , use the FORMAL SINGULAR COMMAND FORMS  Usted Cocinar- to cook, Cocine Medir -to measure, Mida Agregar -to add, Agregue Fre í r -to fry, Fr ía Hervir -to boil, Hierva Romper-to break, Rompa Hornear-to bake, Hornee Batir- to beat, Bata Combinar-to combine/to blend, Combine Mezclar-to mix, Mezcle Picar -to chop, Pique Cortar-to cut, Corte Cubrir-to cover, Cubra

14. Ahora , traduzcan usando los mandatos formales…. 1.Blend a cup of milk! = __________________________ 2. Beat two eggs! = __________________________ 3. Boil three cups of water! = __________________________ 4. Cut the chicken! = __________________________ 5. Bake the cake! = __________________________