EJERCITACION T1 AS BIOLOGY S5 DIC 2017
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This document provides revision charts for a biology student to fill out, covering key topics like cell structure, transport mechanisms, osmosis, and diffusion. The charts compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and list animal, plant, and bacterial cells. Transport mechanisms are defined as either active or passive. Osmosis and diffusion are distinguished by whether they require water and if they move with or against a concentration gradient. The purpose is to help the student review and consolidate information about important cellular processes.
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EJERCITACION BIOLOGY - DIC 2019 T1
This document provides revision charts for a senior biology student to complete covering key topics like cells, active and passive transport, and osmosis and diffusion. The student is asked to fill in information under different categories for each topic, and can design alternative diagrams if desired, to organize and review essential concepts before an upcoming exam period.
Ejercitacion t1 biology dic 2018
This document provides revision charts for students to complete on key topics in biology including cells, active and passive transport, and osmosis and diffusion. Students are asked to fill in information under different categories to compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, animal, plant and cells, and the different types of active and passive transport. They can also design alternative diagrams to organize the information.
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The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection. The cell wall provides support and protection for plant and bacterial cells. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane, moving from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
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The document discusses cell division and identifies two techniques used to detect student misconceptions about cell division: student drawings and interviews. The techniques revealed several common misconceptions students have, such as thinking centrioles are located in the nucleus, DNA replication occurs between phases of cell division, and diploid cells are formed through meiosis rather than mitosis.
Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation through Capped Clay Nanotubes
Stem cells can be guided to grow into bone or cartilage through the use of molecular cues provided in a 3D environment. Researchers developed a hydrogel nanocomposite containing halloysite nanotubes doped with growth factors that provides structural support within the gel. When mesenchymal stem cells and pre-osteoblasts were cultured in the nanocomposite, they differentiated into osteoblasts, proliferated, synthesized type I collagen matrix that mineralized, and increased protein synthesis including bone-specific proteins. This approach allows control over cell behavior and differentiation in 3D to engineer complex tissues for regenerative medicine.
Cell1 Jeopardy
The document is a quiz about the parts and functions of animal and plant cells as observed under a microscope. It asks questions to test knowledge of key cellular structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and ribosomes. It also covers cellular processes like diffusion, the role of chromosomes and DNA replication, and the stages of mitosis.
Physical properties of protoplasm
1) Protoplasm is the living substance that makes up all living things. It is made up of macromolecules like proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
2) Protoplasm exhibits both gel-like and liquid-like properties, behaving as a gel in solution and as a liquid in its semisolid state.
3) Protoplasm displays cohesion between molecules as well as viscosity, allowing for movements like cytoplasmic streaming and amoeboid movement of pseudopodia. It also has surface tension properties derived from its lipid and protein molecules.
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EJERCITACION BIOLOGY - DIC 2019 T1
This document provides revision charts for a senior biology student to complete covering key topics like cells, active and passive transport, and osmosis and diffusion. The student is asked to fill in information under different categories for each topic, and can design alternative diagrams if desired, to organize and review essential concepts before an upcoming exam period.
Ejercitacion t1 biology dic 2018
This document provides revision charts for students to complete on key topics in biology including cells, active and passive transport, and osmosis and diffusion. Students are asked to fill in information under different categories to compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, animal, plant and cells, and the different types of active and passive transport. They can also design alternative diagrams to organize the information.
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The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection. The cell wall provides support and protection for plant and bacterial cells. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane, moving from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
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The document discusses cell division and identifies two techniques used to detect student misconceptions about cell division: student drawings and interviews. The techniques revealed several common misconceptions students have, such as thinking centrioles are located in the nucleus, DNA replication occurs between phases of cell division, and diploid cells are formed through meiosis rather than mitosis.
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The document is a quiz about the parts and functions of animal and plant cells as observed under a microscope. It asks questions to test knowledge of key cellular structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and ribosomes. It also covers cellular processes like diffusion, the role of chromosomes and DNA replication, and the stages of mitosis.
Physical properties of protoplasm
1) Protoplasm is the living substance that makes up all living things. It is made up of macromolecules like proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
2) Protoplasm exhibits both gel-like and liquid-like properties, behaving as a gel in solution and as a liquid in its semisolid state.
3) Protoplasm displays cohesion between molecules as well as viscosity, allowing for movements like cytoplasmic streaming and amoeboid movement of pseudopodia. It also has surface tension properties derived from its lipid and protein molecules.
Abstract
Human stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells spontaneously form endothelial capillary-like networks (CLN) when cultured in vitro. This study characterized how CLN formation by human SVF cells is affected by cell passage number and inhibition of different signaling pathways. The results showed that CLN formation was optimal at passage 1, suggesting endothelial cells are lost or change with additional passaging. Inhibition of PDGF, VEGF and Wnt signaling pathways significantly reduced CLN length, while inhibition of c-Met and TGF-β had no effect. These findings provide insight into maximizing CLN formation by SVF cells, which could help develop in vitro models of SVF angiogenesis and function as a vascular interface.
Moving Cellular Materials Power Point
All cells take in nutrients and expel waste through the cell membrane. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to pass through passively via diffusion, osmosis, or facilitated diffusion without using energy. Other substances require active transport using transport proteins and cellular energy to move against the concentration gradient into or out of the cell. There are two main types of active transport: endocytosis which surrounds and takes material into the cell, and exocytosis which expels material out of the cell.
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Effect of Cell Shape and Area on Vesicle Dynamics
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The document discusses cell division (mitosis) and the cell cycle. It describes the main stages of the cell cycle as interphase (which includes G1, S, and G2 phases) and mitosis, followed by cytokinesis. Mitosis is then explained in more detail, outlining the four phases of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. It states that mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells and is involved in processes like growth, development, and asexual reproduction. The document also mentions that tumors are caused by uncontrolled cell division, which can occur in any tissue or organ.
Cell
The cell is the basic unit of all living organisms. In 1665, Robert Hooke first observed cells when examining cork under a microscope and coined the term. Cells can be unicellular, like amoeba, or multicellular, like humans. The main parts of a cell are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell, while the cytoplasm contains organelles and is where most activities occur. Cells vary in shape and size but all living things are made of cells.
Meiosis and mitosis
This document provides an overview of cells, chromosomes, DNA, embryos, and the two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. It defines a cell as the basic unit of life and explains that chromosomes contain DNA and are found within the nucleus. The document also distinguishes between mitosis, which produces identical daughter cells, and meiosis, which reduces chromosome number and is involved in sexual reproduction.
Moving Cellular Materials
Passive transport moves substances through cell membranes without energy input via diffusion or osmosis, the diffusion of water. Active transport requires energy to move materials and uses transport proteins. Endocytosis and exocytosis involve transport of materials into and out of cells.
Cell notes
1. Cells are the basic units of structure and function that make up all living things.
2. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
3. Cells have membrane bound organelles that carry out specific functions and transport materials throughout the cell.
Cell cycle and cell cycle assay
Cell cycle is the most fundamental and important process by which eukaryotic cells duplicate and divide. This slide will talk about the method to analysis the cell cycle.
Biology lesson 1 " CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE "
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. All living things are made up of one or more cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells through division. The cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things. Cells were first observed in the 1600s and the cell theory was developed over many years by scientists in the 1800s through observations of plant and animal cells under early microscopes. Cells vary greatly in size, shape, and structure depending on their function in unicellular or multicellular organisms.
Mitosis
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells through cell division. It occurs in four main stages - prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase - where the cell's nucleus and chromosomes are duplicated and separated into the two daughter cells. Each daughter cell has the same number and type of chromosomes as the original cell to maintain genetic integrity.
Mitosis
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The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology.
Plm science
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- The content covers cell structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and plastids. It also discusses the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- The document concludes with 10 multiple choice questions to test understanding of the material presented.
Circulatory (Blood)
Cellular transport is the process of moving materials into and out of cells. There are three main types of cellular transport: passive transport, active transport, and facilitated diffusion. Passive transport involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane through diffusion or osmosis without using energy, allowing molecules to move from areas of higher to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
Abt seminor
Characterization of cell lines is important to identify their origin and genetic stability. Techniques used include karyotyping, DNA content analysis, and DNA hybridization. Cultured cells have low cell-cell interaction, cannot perform differentiated functions, and are influenced differently by hormones and nutrients than in vivo cells. They also lack the 3D architecture of in vivo cells and favor proliferation of unspecialized cells. Growth parameters like population doubling time, confluence, cell cycle time, cell density, contact inhibition, and saturation density are measured. Tissue typing identifies species of origin using chromosomal or isoenzyme analysis. Tissue and cell line identity can be determined by markers like differentiated products, enzymes, and filament proteins. Transformed
Mitosis
This document discusses three stages of cell division: prophase where chromosomes condense and the spindle forms, interphase which is the period between cell divisions, and metaphase where chromosomes attach to the center of the spindle.
Mitosis
- Cells divide through the process of mitosis in order to grow, repair, or replace damaged cells. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells that each receive a complete set of chromosomes.
- The cell cycle consists of interphase, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA, and the mitotic phase, where the cell divides into two daughter cells through the stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, followed by cytokinesis.
- Mitosis ensures that each daughter cell receives the full complement of genetic material from the parent cell, allowing organisms to grow and maintain healthy tissues through cell replacement.
Cell material transport: Passive Transport
The document discusses the structure and functions of the cell membrane. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions that allows for selective permeability. Embedded proteins help with structure, transport, and cell communication. There are different types of transport that allow materials to move in and out of the cell, including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis which do not require energy expenditure.
transportacrosscellmembrane-151017170214-lva1-app6892.pdf
This document discusses cell membrane transport mechanisms. It begins by outlining the key topics to be covered, including the importance of cell membranes, types of transport mechanisms, and details on active and primary/secondary active transport. It then provides information on the structure of the cell membrane, including the lipid bilayer and membrane proteins. Various modes of transport are defined, such as simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Factors affecting diffusion rates and saturation of carrier proteins are also addressed.
Chapter 3
The document provides an overview of the cellular level of organization, including key concepts such as:
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and all cells contain a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
- The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and regulates what enters and exits the cell. Transport across the membrane includes passive diffusion and active transport processes.
- The cytoplasm contains cytosol and various organelles that carry out specialized functions. Organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria and more.
- The nucleus houses the cell's DNA within chromosomes and controls gene expression through transcription and translation. Cell division occurs through mitosis and
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Abstract
Human stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells spontaneously form endothelial capillary-like networks (CLN) when cultured in vitro. This study characterized how CLN formation by human SVF cells is affected by cell passage number and inhibition of different signaling pathways. The results showed that CLN formation was optimal at passage 1, suggesting endothelial cells are lost or change with additional passaging. Inhibition of PDGF, VEGF and Wnt signaling pathways significantly reduced CLN length, while inhibition of c-Met and TGF-β had no effect. These findings provide insight into maximizing CLN formation by SVF cells, which could help develop in vitro models of SVF angiogenesis and function as a vascular interface.
Moving Cellular Materials Power Point
All cells take in nutrients and expel waste through the cell membrane. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to pass through passively via diffusion, osmosis, or facilitated diffusion without using energy. Other substances require active transport using transport proteins and cellular energy to move against the concentration gradient into or out of the cell. There are two main types of active transport: endocytosis which surrounds and takes material into the cell, and exocytosis which expels material out of the cell.
Chapter 10, section 1 cell division
Cell division through mitosis and the cell cycle is important for both single-celled and multicellular organisms. In multicellular organisms, cell division allows for growth by increasing the total number of cells, while in single-celled organisms it is how they reproduce. The cell cycle is a series of events from one cell division to the next and includes interphase, where the cell grows and prepares for division by copying its DNA, and mitosis, where the nucleus and cytoplasm divide. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells through the phases of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Effect of Cell Shape and Area on Vesicle Dynamics
This study investigated how cell shape and area affect the dynamics of vesicle transport within cells. The researchers used microcontact printing to create cells of defined square and line shapes on glass slides. They analyzed vesicle movement within these different cell shapes using microscopy. They found that vesicles within square cells moved radially rather than in a directed fashion, while vesicles within line cells showed preferred motion parallel to the cell axis. However, vesicle transport metrics like run time and length were similar between different cell shapes. While some hypotheses were supported, the results were inconclusive and require further experimentation with improved techniques.
2.5 cell division
The document discusses cell division (mitosis) and the cell cycle. It describes the main stages of the cell cycle as interphase (which includes G1, S, and G2 phases) and mitosis, followed by cytokinesis. Mitosis is then explained in more detail, outlining the four phases of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. It states that mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells and is involved in processes like growth, development, and asexual reproduction. The document also mentions that tumors are caused by uncontrolled cell division, which can occur in any tissue or organ.
Cell
The cell is the basic unit of all living organisms. In 1665, Robert Hooke first observed cells when examining cork under a microscope and coined the term. Cells can be unicellular, like amoeba, or multicellular, like humans. The main parts of a cell are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell, while the cytoplasm contains organelles and is where most activities occur. Cells vary in shape and size but all living things are made of cells.
Meiosis and mitosis
This document provides an overview of cells, chromosomes, DNA, embryos, and the two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. It defines a cell as the basic unit of life and explains that chromosomes contain DNA and are found within the nucleus. The document also distinguishes between mitosis, which produces identical daughter cells, and meiosis, which reduces chromosome number and is involved in sexual reproduction.
Moving Cellular Materials
Passive transport moves substances through cell membranes without energy input via diffusion or osmosis, the diffusion of water. Active transport requires energy to move materials and uses transport proteins. Endocytosis and exocytosis involve transport of materials into and out of cells.
Cell notes
1. Cells are the basic units of structure and function that make up all living things.
2. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
3. Cells have membrane bound organelles that carry out specific functions and transport materials throughout the cell.
Cell cycle and cell cycle assay
Cell cycle is the most fundamental and important process by which eukaryotic cells duplicate and divide. This slide will talk about the method to analysis the cell cycle.
Biology lesson 1 " CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE "
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. All living things are made up of one or more cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells through division. The cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things. Cells were first observed in the 1600s and the cell theory was developed over many years by scientists in the 1800s through observations of plant and animal cells under early microscopes. Cells vary greatly in size, shape, and structure depending on their function in unicellular or multicellular organisms.
Mitosis
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells through cell division. It occurs in four main stages - prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase - where the cell's nucleus and chromosomes are duplicated and separated into the two daughter cells. Each daughter cell has the same number and type of chromosomes as the original cell to maintain genetic integrity.
Mitosis
The document outlines the stages of the cell cycle including interphase consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases and the four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. It states that tumors are caused by uncontrolled cell division which can occur in any organ or tissue. During interphase, the active period between cell divisions, the cell engages in protein synthesis, DNA replication and increasing mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Inside the celll
The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology.
Plm science
- The document provides content on the fundamental unit of life - the cell. It discusses key facts about cells, including that cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms.
- The content covers cell structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and plastids. It also discusses the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- The document concludes with 10 multiple choice questions to test understanding of the material presented.
Circulatory (Blood)
Cellular transport is the process of moving materials into and out of cells. There are three main types of cellular transport: passive transport, active transport, and facilitated diffusion. Passive transport involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane through diffusion or osmosis without using energy, allowing molecules to move from areas of higher to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
Abt seminor
Characterization of cell lines is important to identify their origin and genetic stability. Techniques used include karyotyping, DNA content analysis, and DNA hybridization. Cultured cells have low cell-cell interaction, cannot perform differentiated functions, and are influenced differently by hormones and nutrients than in vivo cells. They also lack the 3D architecture of in vivo cells and favor proliferation of unspecialized cells. Growth parameters like population doubling time, confluence, cell cycle time, cell density, contact inhibition, and saturation density are measured. Tissue typing identifies species of origin using chromosomal or isoenzyme analysis. Tissue and cell line identity can be determined by markers like differentiated products, enzymes, and filament proteins. Transformed
Mitosis
This document discusses three stages of cell division: prophase where chromosomes condense and the spindle forms, interphase which is the period between cell divisions, and metaphase where chromosomes attach to the center of the spindle.
Mitosis
- Cells divide through the process of mitosis in order to grow, repair, or replace damaged cells. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells that each receive a complete set of chromosomes.
- The cell cycle consists of interphase, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA, and the mitotic phase, where the cell divides into two daughter cells through the stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, followed by cytokinesis.
- Mitosis ensures that each daughter cell receives the full complement of genetic material from the parent cell, allowing organisms to grow and maintain healthy tissues through cell replacement.
Cell material transport: Passive Transport
The document discusses the structure and functions of the cell membrane. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions that allows for selective permeability. Embedded proteins help with structure, transport, and cell communication. There are different types of transport that allow materials to move in and out of the cell, including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis which do not require energy expenditure.
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Biology lesson 1 " CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE "
Biology lesson 1 " CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE "
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transportacrosscellmembrane-151017170214-lva1-app6892.pdf
This document discusses cell membrane transport mechanisms. It begins by outlining the key topics to be covered, including the importance of cell membranes, types of transport mechanisms, and details on active and primary/secondary active transport. It then provides information on the structure of the cell membrane, including the lipid bilayer and membrane proteins. Various modes of transport are defined, such as simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Factors affecting diffusion rates and saturation of carrier proteins are also addressed.
Chapter 3
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- The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and regulates what enters and exits the cell. Transport across the membrane includes passive diffusion and active transport processes.
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Cell Membrane Diffusion
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TRANSPORTATION
1. Specialized transport systems are necessary in multicellular organisms to transport materials over long distances as cells may be too widely separated for diffusion and osmosis alone.
2. In plants, the xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the shoots, while the phloem transports photosynthates from source to sink tissues.
3. The xylem contains tracheids and vessels that transport materials passively. Their lignified walls and tapered shape allows for an uninterrupted flow. The phloem contains sieve tubes that transport organic compounds with help from companion cells.
TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE
This document discusses cell membrane transport mechanisms. It begins by outlining the key topics to be covered, including the importance of cell membranes, types of transport mechanisms, and details on active and primary/secondary active transport. It then provides information on the structure of the cell membrane, including the lipid bilayer and membrane proteins. Various types of membrane transport mechanisms are defined, such as simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and vesicular transport processes like endocytosis and exocytosis. Factors influencing diffusion rates and osmotic concepts like tonicity are also examined.
Transport across cell membrane
This document provides information about cell membrane transport mechanisms. It begins with an outline of topics to be covered, including the importance of cell membranes, types of transport mechanisms, and details of active transport. The document then discusses the structure of the cell membrane and membrane proteins. It provides details on different types of transport mechanisms like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, bulk flow and active transport. It describes in depth the sodium-potassium pump and calcium pump involved in active transport.
Transport cell membrane
This document provides information on transport across cell membranes. It begins by outlining the key topics to be covered, including the importance of cell membranes, types of transport mechanisms, and details on active transport. It then discusses the structure of the cell membrane and defines different types of transport mechanisms, including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Finally, it provides more details on active transport mechanisms, distinguishing between primary and secondary active transport. In summary, the document serves as an introduction to transport across cell membranes, covering both passive and active transport mechanisms at a high level.
Cell Membrane Structure and Function.ppt
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and allows some substances to pass through more easily than others. It contains phospholipids arranged in a bilayer with hydrophobic tails interacting in the middle and hydrophilic heads facing outwards. Embedded proteins can be integral and span the entire membrane or peripheral and attach to surface. The fluid mosaic model describes the membrane as a fluid structure with phospholipids and proteins able to move laterally. Transport across the membrane can be passive via diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion or active via protein pumps and requires cell energy. Endocytosis and exocytosis involve vesicle transport across the membrane.
Review diffusion and the function of cell membranes by matching each .pdf
Review diffusion and the function of cell membranes by matching each of the phrases with the
appropriate mechanisms from the choice below. Some questions may require more than one
answer. Diffusion Active transport Osmosis Phagocytosis Facilitated Diffusion Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis Exocytosis Moves a solute against its concentration gradient
with the help of ATP Diffusion of polar molecules and ions passively with the help of transport
proteins Three types of endocytosis Engulfing of fluid in membrane vesicles Diffusion of free
water across a selectively permeable membrane Enables a cell to engulf bulk quantities of
specific large molecules How oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave cells Causes plant cell
to become turgid Fusion of membrane-bound vesicle with the plasma membrane, dumping of
contents outside cell How a macrophage engulfs a bacterium Three typos of passive transport
How a cell membrane maintains a higher K* concentration and lower Na* concentration that its
surroundings Test your understanding of osmosis by predicting whether water will enter the cell
(IN) or leave the cell (OUT), or if there will be no net movement of water (NONE). Assume that
the plasma membrane is permeable to water but not solutes. Cell is exposed to a hypertonic
solution. Cell is placed in a salt solution whose solute concentration is greater than that of the
cell contents. Due to disease, the solute concentration of the body fluid outside the cell is toss
than the solute concentration inside cells. Cell is immersed in an isotonic solution. A single-
celled organism is placed in a drop of pure water for examination under a microscope. Cell is
immersed in solution of sucrose and glucose whose combined concentrator is greater than
concentration of solutes in cytoplasm. Solute concentration of a cell is greater than the solute
concentration of the surrounding fluid. Cell exposed to a hypotonic solution.
Solution
Active transport-moves a solute against its concentration gradient with the help of ATP
Facilitated diffusion - polar molecules and ions with the help of carrier proteins
Three ttypes of endocytosis - phagocytosis pinocytosis and receptor mediated endocytosis
Pinocytosis - engulfing of fluid in membrane vesicles
Osmosis - diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane
Receptor mediated endocytosis - enables cell to engulf bulk quantities of specific large
molecules
Passive transport by diffusion - oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave cells
causes plant cell to become turgid - Osmosis
Exocytosis fusion of membrane-bound vesicle with membrane and dumping of contents outside
cell
Phagocytosis - . macrophages engulf a bacterium
Three types of passive transport - Osmosis diffusion and Facilitated diffusion
Active transport-how a cell maintains a higher K+ concentration and lower Na+ concentration
than its surroundings
1 . hypertonic - water will leave the cell and cell shrinks
2.salt solution is hypertonic - water will l.
Biochemistry of Cell Membrane.pptx
The document discusses various aspects of membrane transport in cells. It explains that the plasma membrane defines cell borders and is selectively permeable, allowing some materials to pass through freely while others require transport proteins. It describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane and its components. Various modes of transport are summarized, including passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion, as well as active transport mechanisms like pumps, channels, and endocytosis/exocytosis. Nerve impulse transmission is also covered, explaining the resting membrane potential and how action potentials propagate signals in neurons.
Unit 2-plasma membrane and membrane transport
The document discusses the plasma membrane and membrane transport. It defines the plasma membrane as the outer membrane of the cell composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. The plasma membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell and maintains the integrity of the cell's interior. Membrane transport involves the passage of solutes through the membrane via passive diffusion or with the aid of transport proteins and can occur down a concentration gradient or against it with active transport.
Membrane Channels And Pump
》MEMBRANE CHANNELS AND PUMPS
1) INTRODUCTION:
2) MEMBRANE (COMPOSITION,STRUCTURE,SIGNIFICANCE )
3) TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANE (SIMPLE DIFFUSION,
PASSIVE,ACTIVE)
4) MEMBRANE CHANNELS AND TYPES
5) MEMBRANE PUMP AND TYPES
6) COTRANSPORT: ●UNIPORT
●SYMPORT
●ANTIPORT
7) BULK TRANSPORT:●EXOCYTOSIS
●ENDOSMOSIS
●PINOCYTOSIS
SUMMERY
3. cellular basis of life
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2. Uniporter-catalyzed transport through GLUT1 glucose transporters as a representative example, including the Michaelis-Menten kinetics of transport and the current model of GLUT1's transport mechanism.
3. How ion movement through ion channels serves electrical signaling roles by changing membrane potential and intracellular ion concentrations, allowing rapid cell-environment communication.
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The document discusses key aspects of cell structure and function, including:
1. It describes a typical cell as having a size of 10 μm, a mass of 1 nanogram, and consisting of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm, which is enclosed by the cell membrane.
2. The structure of the cell membrane is described as a lipid bilayer composed of phospholipids and proteins, which regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
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104529 the-cell
The document discusses key aspects of cell structure and function, including:
1. It describes a typical cell as having a size of 10 μm, a mass of 1 nanogram, and consisting of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm, which is enclosed by the cell membrane.
2. The structure of the cell membrane is described as a lipid bilayer composed of phospholipids and proteins, which regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
3. Substances can pass through the cell membrane through passive diffusion or active transport mechanisms, such as facilitated diffusion, sodium-potassium pumps, endocytosis and exocytosis.
The Cell
The document describes key aspects of cell structure and function, including:
1. A typical cell is 10 micrometers in size, with a nucleus and cytoplasm separated by a cell membrane. Cells can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
2. The cell membrane is a thin, semipermeable bilayer composed of phospholipids and proteins that envelops the cell and regulates what passes in and out.
3. Substances can pass through the cell membrane through passive diffusion or active transport mechanisms like pumps and channels. Passive diffusion occurs down concentrations gradients while active transport works against gradients and requires energy.
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Review diffusion and the function of cell membranes by matching each .pdf
Review diffusion and the function of cell membranes by matching each .pdf
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