Eidws 113 technical fundamentals
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The document defines terms and concepts related to electromagnetic spectrum, radio wave propagation, modulation techniques, radar fundamentals, and signals intelligence collection. It describes the frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum and their common uses. It also defines key terms like frequency, wavelength, modulation, demodulation, bandwidth, and propagation effects in the atmosphere. Modulation techniques like AM, FM, USB/LSB, and CW are explained. Radar fundamentals covered include terms like PRF, PW, scan rate, bearing, and the functions of air search, surface search, and fire control radars. The document distinguishes between operational intelligence (OPELINT) and technical intelligence (TECHELINT) collection.
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Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that propagate through free space. They have a wavelength between 1mm and 30km and a frequency between 10KHz and 300GHz. Information such as sound and images can be transmitted using radio waves by modifying properties of the wave like its amplitude or frequency. Radio waves can propagate through different modes including ground waves, sky waves, and line-of-sight. Various factors can impair radio wave transmission over long distances including attenuation, noise, multipath propagation, and refraction in the atmosphere. Radio waves are generated by oscillating electric and magnetic fields produced by accelerating charges and can encode both analog and digital information.
Introduction & Wireless Transmission
The document discusses key aspects of wireless communication reference models including:
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2. It covers topics like frequency ranges used for wireless transmission, common modulation techniques, and effects of signal propagation like multipath propagation.
3. It discusses technologies and standards used for wireless networks and regulations set by organizations like ITU.
Lecture №2
This document discusses radio wave propagation for medium range communication. It covers the following key points:
1. Radio frequencies between 1-30 MHz are used for medium range communication. This allows efficient radiation from practical transmitter antennas between 1/4 and 1 wavelength in size.
2. There are three main propagation mechanisms: line of sight, ground wave, and sky wave. Line of sight and ground waves are used above 50 MHz for terrestrial communication. Sky waves reflect off the ionosphere and are used from 1-30 MHz for long distance communication.
3. The radio frequency spectrum is divided into bands like HF, VHF, UHF etc. with different applications. Wavelength decreases with increasing frequency based on the
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The document discusses various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum including radio waves, infrared, ultraviolet, visible light, x-rays, and gamma rays. It provides details on the wavelength ranges and common applications of each type of electromagnetic radiation. Examples of applications discussed include GPS, FM/AM radio, TV broadcasting, microwave ovens, MRI, radar, RFID, and radio telescopes. Harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation generally increase with higher frequency and energy.
Communication navigation & Surveillance Report
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Aviation relies heavily on radio systems for communication and navigation. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that transmit information via transmitters and receivers. VHF radios operating between 118-137 MHz are most commonly used for air traffic control communications. HF radios can transmit over long distances but are affected by atmospheric conditions. Modulation methods like AM and FM encode information onto radio carriers. Key aviation radio systems include VHF communications, HF communications, intercoms, satellite communications, and ACARS for automated messaging.
Radar
RADAR stands for Radio Detection and Ranging. It uses electromagnetic waves to detect objects like aircraft, ships, vehicles, weather formations and terrain by determining their range, altitude, direction or speed. The basic principles of radar involve transmitting pulses and measuring their time of return to determine characteristics of detected objects like distance, direction and elevation angle. Interference from noise, clutter and jamming can reduce radar detection capabilities.
H010145157
This document summarizes a study that measured the field strength distribution of a 91.5 MHz FM radio signal across Ekiti State, Nigeria. Field strength, location coordinates, and distance from transmitter were measured along four routes moving away from the broadcast station. The path loss along each route was calculated using Friis and Okumura-Hata propagation models and compared to measured values. Okumura-Hata provided closer predictions, with a mean error of 2.68dB across routes, suggesting it is more suitable for modeling VHF path loss in Ekiti State when a 2.68dB loss factor is included.
Path-Loss Determination of 91.5 MHZ FM Radio Channel of Ekiti State
This document summarizes a study that measured the field strength distribution of a 91.5 MHz FM radio signal across Ekiti State, Nigeria. Field strength, location coordinates, and distance from transmitter were measured along four routes moving away from the broadcast station. The path loss along each route was calculated using Friis and Okumura-Hata propagation models and compared to measured values. Okumura-Hata provided closer predictions, with a mean error of 2.68dB across all routes, and is thus more suitable for predicting path loss for VHF waves in Ekiti State when a 2.68dB loss factor is included.
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Module 1: Introduction Lectures 8 hrs.
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Determination of Propagation Path Loss and Contour Map for FUTA FM Radio Fede...
Abstract: FM signal propagation through the troposphere interacts with the terrain as obstacles and reflection planes. To understand the degree of interaction, signal strength measurements of the 93.1MHz frequency modulated Radio located at Federal University of Technology; Akure, Nigeria was carried out in the area surrounding the station. The paper reviews the various models for predicting transmission loss and employed the long rice irregular terrain model for its versatility for the study. The losses along the paths were determined and this was compared with the path loss predicted by the irregular terrain model and this was highly correlated. The result offers useful data for developing the contour map of the propagation loss which was developed for the station. It was concluded that with the irregular terrain model predictions can be used for accurate spectrum management in Nigeria. Keywords: Signal Strength, Transmission Loss, Terrain, Spectrum Management.
Determination of Propagation Path Loss and Contour Map for FUTA FM Radio Fede...
FM signal propagation through the troposphere interacts with the terrain as obstacles and reflection
planes. To understand the degree of interaction, signal strength measurements of the 93.1MHz frequency
modulated Radio located at Federal University of Technology; Akure, Nigeria was carried out in the area
surrounding the station. The paper reviews the various models for predicting transmission loss and employed
the long rice irregular terrain model for its versatility for the study. The losses along the paths were determined
and this was compared with the path loss predicted by the irregular terrain model and this was highly
correlated. The result offers useful data for developing the contour map of the propagation loss which was
developed for the station. It was concluded that with the irregular terrain model predictions can be used for
accurate spectrum management in Nigeria
Communication basics part 1
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This presentation provides an overview of radio communication. It discusses the history of radio from Maxwell's electromagnetic theory to modern innovations. It then covers key topics like classification of radio waves, modulation techniques, transmitter and receiver components, common uses, and future technologies like cognitive radio networks. The presentation aims to explain the basic mechanisms and applications of radio communication over the last hundred years.
Aircraft Communication Topic 2 modulation and propagation of radio waves
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Have a look at different bands of rf sub bands
The document discusses radio frequency (RF) spectrum and different RF sub-bands. It defines RF as the range between 3 kHz and 300 GHz responsible for digital wireless communication. It then describes some common uses of RF including aircraft navigation, satellite systems, and mobile networks. Several RF sub-bands are outlined like Very Low Frequency and Medium Frequency, and their typical uses and characteristics. The document emphasizes that an RF spectrum analyzer is needed to determine the working and problems in different RF bands critical to modern communication systems.
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This presentation deals with topics such as Electromagnetic Spectrum, Wireless Propagation, Signals, Signal propagation effects, Spread spectrum and cellular systems.
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Eidws 113 technical fundamentals
- 1. SECTION 113 Technical Fundamentals