According to medical scientists, yoga therapy is successful because of the balance created in the
nervous and endocrine systems which directly influences all the other systems and organs of the body. Yoga acts
both as a “Curative therapy”. The very essence of yoga lies in attaining mental peace, improved concentration
powers, a relaxed state of living and harmony in relationship.Regular practice of asana, pranayama and
meditation can help such diverse, ailments such as diabetes, blood pressure, digestive disorders, arthritis,
arteriosclerosis, chronic fatigue, asthma, varicose veins and heart conditions. Laboratory tests have proved the
yogi’s increased abilities of consciously controlling autonomic or involuntary functions, such as temperature,
heartbeat and blood pressure.The study was undertaken with the aim to observe the effect of yoga(asana
&pranayama) onselected physical & physiological variables of physical education B.P.ED (Bachelor of
Physical Education) and M.P.ED (Master of Physical Education) students.For this study total 40 male students
were selected as subject from SGGS Khalsa College Mahilpur, Punjab, India. Their age ranged between 18-24
years. Students were given the treatment of selected yogicasana &pranayama for 12 weeks Result shows that the
regular practice of yoga improvedphysical variables (Muscular strength & endurance of trunk; and flexibility)
& physiologicalvariables (Pulse Rate, Vital Capacity & Peak Flow Rate) significantly.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Effect of core strength training and yogasana practices on selected health re...IJARIIT
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of core strength training and yogasana practices on selected
physical fitness components among female athletes. To achieve the purpose of the study forty-five (N = 45) female athletes,
they were selected randomly in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India as subjects. The age of the subjects ranged from 14 to 19 years.
They are divided into three equal groups consists of fifteen subjects each (n = 15) were named experimental group I underwent
core strength training and experimental group II underwent yogasana practices and group – III as a control. The period of
experimentations is limited to 15 weeks, 4 days a week and 45 to 60 minutes per day with proper warming-up and cooling down
regimen. The selected health related physical fitness components such as muscular strength and muscular endurance were
selected as criterion variables and tested. The core strength training and the yogic practices were selected as training protocol.
The core strength training will be given based on individuals 1 RM to set the load and the intensity will be set between 75% to
90%. The pre-test and post-test means of experimental groups I, II and control group will test for significance by applying the
analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The level of confidence is fixed at 0.05, for significance. In addition to this, Scheffe's posthoc
test will be employed, when the F-ratio of the adjusted post-test means is significant, to find out the paired mean difference
if any among the groups for each variable, separately. Based on the result of the study there was a significant change on
health related physical fitness performance due to core strength training and yogic practice.
Effect of Yogasana Training on Low Back Pain among College Playersiosrjce
The subjects of the study were 40 students from SGGS Khalsa College Mahilpur, District
Hoshiarpur, India and the subjects were divided into two groups. One control group and one experimental
group. Ayurvedic massage training for 3 month was assigned to experimental group (5 days a week) and control
group was not allowed to undergo any experimental treatment, but they are permitted to do their daily routine
work. From the selected subjects (N=40) pretest (initial) and post test (after training) was conducted on the
criterion measures (Sit and Reach Test, Trunk Extension Test, Bridge Up Test, Sit Up Test and assessment of
pain through visual analogue) at the start and the end of the experimental training programme. The data
pertaining to selected hematological variables were analyzed by t- ratio to determine the difference between
initial and final mean for control group and experimental group. The significant difference was seen at 0.05
level of confidence (0.05 = 4.096). The study concluded that there is a significant improvement in reducing the
low back pain due to Ayurvedic massage training programme
Effect of Aerobic Training on Percentage of Body Fat, Total Cholesterol and H...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of aerobic training on Percentage of
Body Fat, total Cholesterol (TC) and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) among obese Children.
For this purpose, 20 obese Children (age17-25) were selected. The subjects received endurance training only
one session in the morning between 6-7 am for three alternate days a week for six weeks. To analyse the
collected data,'t'-ratio was used at 0.05 level of confidence. The results showed that there were significant
changes in Percentage of Body Fat, TC and HDL-C. It was concluded that the aerobic training is widely
believed to induce changes in the lipid profiles and Percentage of Body Fat of Children.
Physiological profile of yoga practitioners in various fitness centers of DelhiSports Journal
The purpose of the study was to check physiological profile of various yoga practitioner physiological
variables such as Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), vital capacity, and peak flow, resting heart rate,
resting respiratory rate and blood glucose. 20 male yoga practitioners, aged 22 to 35 were selected as
subjects on the basis of random sampling from various fitness centers of Delhi. Peak flow rate, blood
pressure(systolic and diastolic) & resting heart rate, resting respiratory rate, vital capacity and blood
glucose were measured by peak flow meter, electronic blood pressure monitor, and stop watch To
analyze the physiological variables of yoga practitioners descriptive analysis was employed and found
mean value (458.88±49.60) on peak flow. Mean of male yoga Practitioners (126.33±5.09) on systolic
blood pressure. Mean of male yoga Practitioners (80.88±5.81) on diastolic blood pressure. Mean of male
yoga Practitioners (65.88±2.14) on resting heart rate. Mean of male yoga Practitioners (8.55±0.72) on
resting respiratory rate. Mean of male yoga Practitioners (4.85±0.19) on vital capacity.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Effect of core strength training and yogasana practices on selected health re...IJARIIT
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of core strength training and yogasana practices on selected
physical fitness components among female athletes. To achieve the purpose of the study forty-five (N = 45) female athletes,
they were selected randomly in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India as subjects. The age of the subjects ranged from 14 to 19 years.
They are divided into three equal groups consists of fifteen subjects each (n = 15) were named experimental group I underwent
core strength training and experimental group II underwent yogasana practices and group – III as a control. The period of
experimentations is limited to 15 weeks, 4 days a week and 45 to 60 minutes per day with proper warming-up and cooling down
regimen. The selected health related physical fitness components such as muscular strength and muscular endurance were
selected as criterion variables and tested. The core strength training and the yogic practices were selected as training protocol.
The core strength training will be given based on individuals 1 RM to set the load and the intensity will be set between 75% to
90%. The pre-test and post-test means of experimental groups I, II and control group will test for significance by applying the
analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The level of confidence is fixed at 0.05, for significance. In addition to this, Scheffe's posthoc
test will be employed, when the F-ratio of the adjusted post-test means is significant, to find out the paired mean difference
if any among the groups for each variable, separately. Based on the result of the study there was a significant change on
health related physical fitness performance due to core strength training and yogic practice.
Effect of Yogasana Training on Low Back Pain among College Playersiosrjce
The subjects of the study were 40 students from SGGS Khalsa College Mahilpur, District
Hoshiarpur, India and the subjects were divided into two groups. One control group and one experimental
group. Ayurvedic massage training for 3 month was assigned to experimental group (5 days a week) and control
group was not allowed to undergo any experimental treatment, but they are permitted to do their daily routine
work. From the selected subjects (N=40) pretest (initial) and post test (after training) was conducted on the
criterion measures (Sit and Reach Test, Trunk Extension Test, Bridge Up Test, Sit Up Test and assessment of
pain through visual analogue) at the start and the end of the experimental training programme. The data
pertaining to selected hematological variables were analyzed by t- ratio to determine the difference between
initial and final mean for control group and experimental group. The significant difference was seen at 0.05
level of confidence (0.05 = 4.096). The study concluded that there is a significant improvement in reducing the
low back pain due to Ayurvedic massage training programme
Effect of Aerobic Training on Percentage of Body Fat, Total Cholesterol and H...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of aerobic training on Percentage of
Body Fat, total Cholesterol (TC) and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) among obese Children.
For this purpose, 20 obese Children (age17-25) were selected. The subjects received endurance training only
one session in the morning between 6-7 am for three alternate days a week for six weeks. To analyse the
collected data,'t'-ratio was used at 0.05 level of confidence. The results showed that there were significant
changes in Percentage of Body Fat, TC and HDL-C. It was concluded that the aerobic training is widely
believed to induce changes in the lipid profiles and Percentage of Body Fat of Children.
Physiological profile of yoga practitioners in various fitness centers of DelhiSports Journal
The purpose of the study was to check physiological profile of various yoga practitioner physiological
variables such as Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), vital capacity, and peak flow, resting heart rate,
resting respiratory rate and blood glucose. 20 male yoga practitioners, aged 22 to 35 were selected as
subjects on the basis of random sampling from various fitness centers of Delhi. Peak flow rate, blood
pressure(systolic and diastolic) & resting heart rate, resting respiratory rate, vital capacity and blood
glucose were measured by peak flow meter, electronic blood pressure monitor, and stop watch To
analyze the physiological variables of yoga practitioners descriptive analysis was employed and found
mean value (458.88±49.60) on peak flow. Mean of male yoga Practitioners (126.33±5.09) on systolic
blood pressure. Mean of male yoga Practitioners (80.88±5.81) on diastolic blood pressure. Mean of male
yoga Practitioners (65.88±2.14) on resting heart rate. Mean of male yoga Practitioners (8.55±0.72) on
resting respiratory rate. Mean of male yoga Practitioners (4.85±0.19) on vital capacity.
Effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism-...Sports Journal
Background Parkinson disease is a neurological syndrome usually resulting from deficiency of
neurotransmitter dopamine as the consequence of degenerative, vascular or inflammatory changes in the
basal ganglia. Aerobic exercise is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the
aerobic energy-generating process. Objective of the study was to review the effect of aerobic exercise on
walking capacity in subject with Parkinson disease. Methods. Total of 7 articles reviewed, which
supports aerobic exercise and walking capacity and conclusion made on the basis of results reviewed.
Conclusion. Thus based on the various results achieved in the previous studies, this literature review
concluded that the aerobic exercises can be a great way to improve walking capacity in patients with
Parkinsonism.
A Study To Locate The Difference Between Active And Passive Recovery After St...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Exercise recovery involves a number of Post-exercise Steps that are essential for any exercise
regime, regardless of fitness level, the type of physical activity or the exercise intensity. Exercise recovery does
not take long or require much effort, but it is often neglected. The exercise recovery is mainly of two types one is
Active Recovery and the other is passive Recovery. Active Recovery is the term used for cooling down (with slow
jogging, stretching etc. ) after a high intensive work out and Passive Recovery is Stopping dead, doing nothing
again until he head out on his next run a couple of days later. The results of a study suggest that an active
recovery of 3 minutes between High intensity, short duration exercise bouts significantly increase peak power
and average power compared to a passive recovery, irrespective of changes in blood lactate levels. Several
research studies have been conducted in this specific area in the international level but the effort is supposed to
be weaker with respect to Indian Sport Scientists. Feeling the importance of recovery in the sport field and
considering its application in a wider range or rather as an effort to make it much more acceptable to the sport
society the investigator under the guidance of her supervisor envisaged to conduct the study entitled “A study to
locate the difference between active and passive recovery after strenuous workout.” The subjects for the present
study were 20 male trained athletes from Howrah and Purba Medinipur districts of West Bengal who were
selected randomly from a coaching camp. In the present study, the investigator has considered the following
things such as their – Age, sex, Height of the subject, Resting Heart Rate, Post Exercise Heart Rate, After Active
Recovery Heart Rate, After Passive Recovery Heart Rate. The scholar made the athletes to run 600 mts. and
recorded their Heart Rate just after completion of the workout and also recorded their HR after one minute of
complete rest the same procedure was repeated but in between the athletes were directed to perform active
recovery i.e. slow jogging. From data analysis it appears that the Active recovery is superior in comparison to
the Passive recovery because the recovery range is greater. Thus the scholar arrived at the explicit conclusion
that active recovery is better than passive recovery between exercise bouts or after strenuous workout.
Key Words: Active recovery, Passive Recovery, Strenuous workout.
Single session of integrated “silver yoga” program improves cardiovascular pa...Yogacharya AB Bhavanani
Aim and objective: This pilot study was done to determine cardiovascular effects of a single session of an integrated ‘Silver Yoga’ program in senior citizens of Serene Pelican Township, Pondicherry. Methods: Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) measurements were recorded in 124 senior citizens (75 female, 49 male) with mean age of 67.19 ± 10.61 y who attended an integrated ‘Silver Yoga’ program at CYTER from August to October 2014. Participants practised the protocol that was specially designed for senior citizens, keeping in mind their health status and physical limitations. This included simple warm ups (jathis), breath body movement coordination practices (kriyas), static stretching postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayamas), relaxation and simple chanting. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) apparatus was used to record the HR, systolic (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP) before and after the 60 minute sessions. Pulse pressure (PP), mean pressure (MP), rate-pressure product (RPP) and double product (DoP) indices were derived from the recorded parameters. Student’s paired t test was used to compare data that passed normality testing by Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test for those that didn’t. P values less than 0.05 were accepted as indicating significant differences for pre-post comparisons. Results: All parameters witnessed a reduction following the single session. This was statistically more significant (p < 0. 0001) in HR, RPP and DoP while it was also significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) in SP and PP respectively. The decrease in MP just missed significance (p= 0.054) while it was not significant in DP. Conclusion: There is a healthy reduction in HR, BP and derived cardiovascular indices following a single yoga session in geriatric subjects. These changes may be attributed to enhanced harmony of cardiac autonomic function as a result of coordinated breath-body work and mind- body relaxation due to an integrated “Silver Yoga” program.
Cold water immersion versus whole body cryotherapyFernando Farias
Cold-water immersion was more effective in
accelerating recovery kinetics than whole-body cryotherapy for countermovement jump
performance at 72h post-exercise. Cold-water immersion also demonstrated lower soreness
and higher perceived recovery levels across 24-48h post-exercise.
The effect of eight weeks resistance training on the fitness variables of uni...Sports Journal
A total of thirty female (N=30) university level male Badminton players ranging between 18-28 years of
age were taken as subjects for the purpose of the study. The subjects were randomly selected and training
was conducted at ACS College, Jamner. The subjects were further divided into two groups i.e. Group -A
(N=15) as experimental group and Group-B (N=15) as control group. The following fitness variables
were selected for the purpose of the study: Flexibility test (sit and reach test), strength test (vertical jump
test), speed test (50m dash test), agility (shuttle run test), cardio-vascular fitness test (cooper 12 minute
run-walk test). To compare the mean difference between the data, t test was computed with the help of
SPSS Software and level of significance chosen was 0.05. Result shows that resistance training
(Experimental group) have significant effect on the fitness of university level male Badminton players.
Postexercise Cold Water Immersion Benefits Are Not Greater than the Placebo E...Fernando Farias
A CWI placebo is also as effective as
CWI itself in the recovery of muscle strength over 48 h.
This can likely be attributed to improved subjective ratings
of pain and readiness for exercise, suggesting that the hy-
pothesized physiological benefits surrounding CWI may
be at least partly placebo related.
The Analysis of Plyometric Training Program on University Handball PlayersIOSR Journals
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out the efficiency of composed plyometric training program on
beginners Handball players force capabilities in their usual training period. The plyometric training program
was applied during 16 week period where was attended twenty-one 12-19 years old beginners Handball
players. Twelve of them were female and nine male handball players. There were three control tastings. All
subjects participated in following tests: standing long jump, depth leap long jump, medicine ball throws up in
10 seconds; medicine ball overhead throws forward against the wall in 10 seconds, maximal vertical jumps to
the maximal height in 10 seconds, maximal vertical jump height. Testing results statistical analysis has shown
athletes legs and arms speed force reliable improvement. Standing long jump, depth leap long jump and
maximal vertical jump height test results, what has shown legs explosive power, has not shown remarkable
reliable difference (P>0.05) . Medicine ball throws and maximal vertical jumps to the maximal height in 10
seconds, what show speed force improvement, showed reliable difference (P<0.01).
Key words: TRAINING METHOD, LEGS AND ARMS SPEED FORCE TRAINING.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Effects of seated and standing cold water immersion on recovery from repeated...Fernando Farias
There were
no significant group differences between control and either of the cold water immersion interventions. Seated cold water
immersion was associated with lower DOMS than standing cold water immersion (effect size = 1.86; P = 0.001). These
data suggest that increasing hydrostatic pressure by standing in cold water does not provide an additional recovery benefit
over seated cold water immersion, and that both seated and standing immersions have no benefit in promoting recovery
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted to find out the relationship of selected motor fitness tests to percentage of body fat and reaction time (visual) in mid level male footballer players volunteered to participate in this study.16 students of 15 to 18 years of age and having training in BKSP, were recruited as the subjects. The data on the variables such as percentage of body-fat (BF), speed, agility and reaction-time (RT) were collected by using standard tools and techniques. Each subject’s speed, agility, and reaction time were measured, and the data analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and paired t tests (using SPSS-16). There were no meaningful correlations between reaction time and speed in the subjects .There was a negative correlation between percentage of body fat and reaction time.
Comparative effect of SAQ and circuit training programme on selected physical...Sports Journal
The present study was undertaken to study the comparative effect of SAQ and circuit training program on
selected physical fitness variables of school level basketball players. Thirty (30) school level basketball
players aged between 14-17 years will randomly be selected from Simpkins School Agra U.P. The
subjects were randomly divided in three groups as group A (SAQ training group), group B (circuit
training group) and group C (control group). After the pre-test with Physical fitness test Experiment
Group-A underwent a training SAQ programme of selected exercise. Experiment Group-B received a
Circuit training program of selected exercises, whereas the Control group did not participate in any
training program. Group A has gone under SAQ training program and Group has gone under circuit
training for 60 minutes three times a week except Sunday for duration of 12 weeks. Post data was
collected after 12 weeks of experimental period. Analysis of Variance (ANOCOVA) was applied at 0.05
level of significance and Post hoc mean comparison was done by using LSD test. It may be concluded
that SAQ training program was significantly better than circuit training program for speed and agility
whereas circuit training program was better than SAQ training program for abdominal, arms & shoulder
endurance being studied by the researcher. In case of explosive strength no significant difference was
found between both the training programs
Effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism-...Sports Journal
Background Parkinson disease is a neurological syndrome usually resulting from deficiency of
neurotransmitter dopamine as the consequence of degenerative, vascular or inflammatory changes in the
basal ganglia. Aerobic exercise is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the
aerobic energy-generating process. Objective of the study was to review the effect of aerobic exercise on
walking capacity in subject with Parkinson disease. Methods. Total of 7 articles reviewed, which
supports aerobic exercise and walking capacity and conclusion made on the basis of results reviewed.
Conclusion. Thus based on the various results achieved in the previous studies, this literature review
concluded that the aerobic exercises can be a great way to improve walking capacity in patients with
Parkinsonism.
A Study To Locate The Difference Between Active And Passive Recovery After St...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Exercise recovery involves a number of Post-exercise Steps that are essential for any exercise
regime, regardless of fitness level, the type of physical activity or the exercise intensity. Exercise recovery does
not take long or require much effort, but it is often neglected. The exercise recovery is mainly of two types one is
Active Recovery and the other is passive Recovery. Active Recovery is the term used for cooling down (with slow
jogging, stretching etc. ) after a high intensive work out and Passive Recovery is Stopping dead, doing nothing
again until he head out on his next run a couple of days later. The results of a study suggest that an active
recovery of 3 minutes between High intensity, short duration exercise bouts significantly increase peak power
and average power compared to a passive recovery, irrespective of changes in blood lactate levels. Several
research studies have been conducted in this specific area in the international level but the effort is supposed to
be weaker with respect to Indian Sport Scientists. Feeling the importance of recovery in the sport field and
considering its application in a wider range or rather as an effort to make it much more acceptable to the sport
society the investigator under the guidance of her supervisor envisaged to conduct the study entitled “A study to
locate the difference between active and passive recovery after strenuous workout.” The subjects for the present
study were 20 male trained athletes from Howrah and Purba Medinipur districts of West Bengal who were
selected randomly from a coaching camp. In the present study, the investigator has considered the following
things such as their – Age, sex, Height of the subject, Resting Heart Rate, Post Exercise Heart Rate, After Active
Recovery Heart Rate, After Passive Recovery Heart Rate. The scholar made the athletes to run 600 mts. and
recorded their Heart Rate just after completion of the workout and also recorded their HR after one minute of
complete rest the same procedure was repeated but in between the athletes were directed to perform active
recovery i.e. slow jogging. From data analysis it appears that the Active recovery is superior in comparison to
the Passive recovery because the recovery range is greater. Thus the scholar arrived at the explicit conclusion
that active recovery is better than passive recovery between exercise bouts or after strenuous workout.
Key Words: Active recovery, Passive Recovery, Strenuous workout.
Single session of integrated “silver yoga” program improves cardiovascular pa...Yogacharya AB Bhavanani
Aim and objective: This pilot study was done to determine cardiovascular effects of a single session of an integrated ‘Silver Yoga’ program in senior citizens of Serene Pelican Township, Pondicherry. Methods: Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) measurements were recorded in 124 senior citizens (75 female, 49 male) with mean age of 67.19 ± 10.61 y who attended an integrated ‘Silver Yoga’ program at CYTER from August to October 2014. Participants practised the protocol that was specially designed for senior citizens, keeping in mind their health status and physical limitations. This included simple warm ups (jathis), breath body movement coordination practices (kriyas), static stretching postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayamas), relaxation and simple chanting. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) apparatus was used to record the HR, systolic (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP) before and after the 60 minute sessions. Pulse pressure (PP), mean pressure (MP), rate-pressure product (RPP) and double product (DoP) indices were derived from the recorded parameters. Student’s paired t test was used to compare data that passed normality testing by Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test for those that didn’t. P values less than 0.05 were accepted as indicating significant differences for pre-post comparisons. Results: All parameters witnessed a reduction following the single session. This was statistically more significant (p < 0. 0001) in HR, RPP and DoP while it was also significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) in SP and PP respectively. The decrease in MP just missed significance (p= 0.054) while it was not significant in DP. Conclusion: There is a healthy reduction in HR, BP and derived cardiovascular indices following a single yoga session in geriatric subjects. These changes may be attributed to enhanced harmony of cardiac autonomic function as a result of coordinated breath-body work and mind- body relaxation due to an integrated “Silver Yoga” program.
Cold water immersion versus whole body cryotherapyFernando Farias
Cold-water immersion was more effective in
accelerating recovery kinetics than whole-body cryotherapy for countermovement jump
performance at 72h post-exercise. Cold-water immersion also demonstrated lower soreness
and higher perceived recovery levels across 24-48h post-exercise.
The effect of eight weeks resistance training on the fitness variables of uni...Sports Journal
A total of thirty female (N=30) university level male Badminton players ranging between 18-28 years of
age were taken as subjects for the purpose of the study. The subjects were randomly selected and training
was conducted at ACS College, Jamner. The subjects were further divided into two groups i.e. Group -A
(N=15) as experimental group and Group-B (N=15) as control group. The following fitness variables
were selected for the purpose of the study: Flexibility test (sit and reach test), strength test (vertical jump
test), speed test (50m dash test), agility (shuttle run test), cardio-vascular fitness test (cooper 12 minute
run-walk test). To compare the mean difference between the data, t test was computed with the help of
SPSS Software and level of significance chosen was 0.05. Result shows that resistance training
(Experimental group) have significant effect on the fitness of university level male Badminton players.
Postexercise Cold Water Immersion Benefits Are Not Greater than the Placebo E...Fernando Farias
A CWI placebo is also as effective as
CWI itself in the recovery of muscle strength over 48 h.
This can likely be attributed to improved subjective ratings
of pain and readiness for exercise, suggesting that the hy-
pothesized physiological benefits surrounding CWI may
be at least partly placebo related.
The Analysis of Plyometric Training Program on University Handball PlayersIOSR Journals
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out the efficiency of composed plyometric training program on
beginners Handball players force capabilities in their usual training period. The plyometric training program
was applied during 16 week period where was attended twenty-one 12-19 years old beginners Handball
players. Twelve of them were female and nine male handball players. There were three control tastings. All
subjects participated in following tests: standing long jump, depth leap long jump, medicine ball throws up in
10 seconds; medicine ball overhead throws forward against the wall in 10 seconds, maximal vertical jumps to
the maximal height in 10 seconds, maximal vertical jump height. Testing results statistical analysis has shown
athletes legs and arms speed force reliable improvement. Standing long jump, depth leap long jump and
maximal vertical jump height test results, what has shown legs explosive power, has not shown remarkable
reliable difference (P>0.05) . Medicine ball throws and maximal vertical jumps to the maximal height in 10
seconds, what show speed force improvement, showed reliable difference (P<0.01).
Key words: TRAINING METHOD, LEGS AND ARMS SPEED FORCE TRAINING.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Effects of seated and standing cold water immersion on recovery from repeated...Fernando Farias
There were
no significant group differences between control and either of the cold water immersion interventions. Seated cold water
immersion was associated with lower DOMS than standing cold water immersion (effect size = 1.86; P = 0.001). These
data suggest that increasing hydrostatic pressure by standing in cold water does not provide an additional recovery benefit
over seated cold water immersion, and that both seated and standing immersions have no benefit in promoting recovery
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted to find out the relationship of selected motor fitness tests to percentage of body fat and reaction time (visual) in mid level male footballer players volunteered to participate in this study.16 students of 15 to 18 years of age and having training in BKSP, were recruited as the subjects. The data on the variables such as percentage of body-fat (BF), speed, agility and reaction-time (RT) were collected by using standard tools and techniques. Each subject’s speed, agility, and reaction time were measured, and the data analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and paired t tests (using SPSS-16). There were no meaningful correlations between reaction time and speed in the subjects .There was a negative correlation between percentage of body fat and reaction time.
Comparative effect of SAQ and circuit training programme on selected physical...Sports Journal
The present study was undertaken to study the comparative effect of SAQ and circuit training program on
selected physical fitness variables of school level basketball players. Thirty (30) school level basketball
players aged between 14-17 years will randomly be selected from Simpkins School Agra U.P. The
subjects were randomly divided in three groups as group A (SAQ training group), group B (circuit
training group) and group C (control group). After the pre-test with Physical fitness test Experiment
Group-A underwent a training SAQ programme of selected exercise. Experiment Group-B received a
Circuit training program of selected exercises, whereas the Control group did not participate in any
training program. Group A has gone under SAQ training program and Group has gone under circuit
training for 60 minutes three times a week except Sunday for duration of 12 weeks. Post data was
collected after 12 weeks of experimental period. Analysis of Variance (ANOCOVA) was applied at 0.05
level of significance and Post hoc mean comparison was done by using LSD test. It may be concluded
that SAQ training program was significantly better than circuit training program for speed and agility
whereas circuit training program was better than SAQ training program for abdominal, arms & shoulder
endurance being studied by the researcher. In case of explosive strength no significant difference was
found between both the training programs
Meaning and Significance of Physical EducationPriyanka Nain
This is a presentation about meaning of Physical Education and why it is significant, how it helps in wholesome development of an individual, all these questions are answered in this presentation.
A Comparative Study on Recovery Pulse Rate after 12 Minute Run and Walk TestIOSR Journals
Abstract: The sports are a world-wide phenomenon today. In the world history, sports was a popular
organization and important as today. It has been an interesting aspect for human amusement and a cultural
phenomenon at great magnitude. It has got mass participation, as it attracts people either for recreations,
physical fitness or performance.The effectiveness of using the heart rate (HR) as an indicator of exercise
intensity to monitor of all games and sports and any physical activity. However, recently new regulations and a
trend towards a more conditional games have prompted a need to revise field study procedures and demand the
increased specialization of games’ concerned. Yoga has been become increasingly popular in the world as a
method to reduce stress and as a means of exercise and fitness training also for recovery purpose as well. The
purpose of the study was to compare the differences on recovery pulse rate among, Yoga Nidra group ,Savasana
group and Control group, (25 of each group). For the purpose of the study 75 male B.P.Ed students from
P.G.G.I.P.E Banipur North 24 pgs, West Bengal were selected as the subjects for this study. The age of the
subjects was between 22-25 years. Recovery Pulse Rate was only the variable of the study. ‘ANOVA’ was
applied to calculate the collected data at 0.05 level of significance and to indentify the significance differences
among the means critical difference was used as a Post-hoc test. The result showed that there was no
significant difference between Control group and Savasana group but significance difference were observed
between Control group and Yoga Nidra group, and between Savasana group and Yoga Nidra group.
Key Words: Recovery pulse rate, Yoga Nidra group, Savasana group, Control group
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SLOW AND FAST SURYANAMASKAR ON PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONYogacharya AB Bhavanani
Numerous scientific studies have reported beneficial physiological changes after short and long term yoga training. Suryanamaskar is an integral part of modern yoga training and may be performed either in a slow or rapid manner. As there are few studies on suryanamaskar we conducted this study to study differential effect of 6 months training in the fast and slow versions. 42 school children in the age group of 12 to 16 were randomly divided into two groups of 21 each. Group I and Group II received 6 months training in performance of slow suryanamaskar (SSN) and fast suryanamaskar (FSN) respectively. Training in SSN produced a significant decrease in diastolic pressure. In contrast, training in FSN produced a significant increase in systolic pressure. Although there was a highly significant increase in hand grip strength and hand grip endurance in both the groups, the increase in hand grip endurance in FSN group was significantly more than in SSN group. MIP and MEP increased significantly in both groups and the increase of MIP in the FSN group was more significant as compared to SSN. Training in SSN reduced the resting diastolic pressure and rate-pressure-product, which, indicates a decrease in load on the heart. In contrast, FSN increased diastolic pressure and rate-pressure-product. The present study shows suryanamaskar has positive physiological benefits as evidenced by changes in pulmonary function, respiratory pressures, handgrip strength, handgrip endurance and resting cardiovascular parameters. It also demonstrates that there are differences between performance of suryanamaskar in a slow and fast manner and that the effects of FSN are similar to physical aerobic exercises whereas the effects of SSN are similar to those of Yoga training.
Healthise Free Health Information Shares PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO IYENGAR Y...AmitaShourie
Healthise Free Health Information Shares Physiological Responses to Iyengar Yoga Performed by Trained Practitioners. The purpose of the study was to evaluate acute physiological responses to Hatha yoga asanas (poses) practiced in the Iyengar tradition.
Analysis of the physical fitness of the physical education professional stude...Sports Journal
The purpose of this study was to compare the selected physical fitness variables of the Physical
Education Professional students participated in the different competition levels. To achieve the purpose,
eighty three male physical education students studying B.P.Ed. Courses at Alvas B.P.Ed. Moddigere and
General Kariyappa B.P.Ed. College Shimogga during 2015 with age ranging 18-25 were selected at
random. They had their credit in participating Intercollegiate, South Zone and All India competitions.
The physical fitness variables selected for the study were the Shoulder Strength (Pull ups in nos.);
Abdominal Strength (Sit ups in nos.); Agility (Shuttle Run in secs.); Speed (50 meters dash in secs.);
Explosive Power (Standing Broad Jump in meters) and Cardiovascular Endurance (600 Meters Run/Walk
in minutes). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out the significant difference
among different disciplines. Further the Scheffe’s Post Hoc test was used to find the significant
difference in paired mean scores. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in the Pull Ups,
Sit Ups and Speed of the Physical Education Professional students participated in the different
competition levels. A better understanding of these relationships will help to understand the power and
endurance and also help to plan sport specific strength training at South Zone, All India and National
level athletes.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Effect of Practice of Yoga Exercises on Balance and Perception of National Le...iosrjce
The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of practice of yoga exercises on balance and
Perception of Punjab National level players. The experiment study was conducted on 40 male players of
Gymnastics and Kho-Kho who at least participated in the state championship and there age ranged was
between 14-40 years. The total 40 players (as subjects) were divided into two groups namely control groups and
experimental groups (20 each). The test of balance (state&dynamic) and perception were taken as criterion
measures. The experimental group was given an exercise schedule of selected yogaasana for the period of six
weeks. He control group was not given any sort of special training. The analysis of datashowed that the
practices of yogic exercises are found effective to develop the balance and perception.
Effect of yogic practices on the selected physiological variables among the m...Sports Journal
The present study is to analyze the effect of Yogic practices on the selected physiological variables
among the middle aged men. For this study 100 middle age male persons were selected from Yazh Yoga
Coimbatore city, after the scrutiny by the scholar and experts 30 middle aged men were selected as
subjects by adopting purposive random sampling technique. The age of the subjects ranged from 35 to 45
years. They were divided into two equal groups namely, the group were assigned Asana, Pranayama,
Meditation (APMTG) and Control group (CG). The subjects were tested to find out the Resting Pulse
Rate, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. The pulse rate was assessed by arterial pulse, vital capacity was
measured by digital Spiro meter and blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. The Asana,
Pranayama, Meditation(APMTG) Yoga group participated in Yogic practices for a period of twelve
weeks and control group did not participate in any special practice. The data were collected before and
after the training period and the pretest, post-test and the adjusted post-test were analyzed by Analysis of
Covariance (ANCOVA). The level of significance for the study was chosen as 0.05. It is concluded from
the results that the APMTG group has significant improvement in resting pulse rate, vital capacity and
blood pressure among middle aged men.
Effects of an integrated yogic practices on the selected psychological variab...Sports Journal
The present is study was to analyze the effects of an integrated yogic practice on the
selected psychological variables among the senior citizen.
Methodology: The subjects were selected from the male senior citizens of Coimbatore. The subjects age
ranged from 60 to 70 years. The convenience sampling method was adapted for the male senior citizens
from Coimbatore. The Psychological variables were in Anxiety and Depression. The subjects were
divided into two equal groups namely. Yogic Group and Control group each consist of 15 subjects of
total 30 subjects. The selected subjects were initially tested on the criterion variables used in this study
and this was considered as a pre – test. After the assessment of pre –test, the subjects belong to the Yogic
Group were treated with the meditation and pranayama practices. As far as the subject in the Control
Group was considered they were not given any specific training.
Statistical tool: The collected data were statistically analyzed with the paired sample‘t’ test to find the
significant improvement between the pre and posttest of all group.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the 12 week of training practice showed a significant improvement in
Anxiety and Depression in the Yogic Group.
Yoga understands health and well-being as a dynamic continuum of human nature and not merely a ‘state’ to be reached and maintained. Yoga helps the individual to establish “sukha sthanam”, which may be defined as a dynamic sense of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Yogamaharishi Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri Guru Maharaj, the visionary founder of Ananda Ashram at the ICYER, Pondicherry (www.icyer.com) and one of the foremost authorities on Yoga in the past century exclaimed lucidly, “Yoga chikitsa is virtually as old as yoga itself, indeed, the return of mind that feels separated from the Universe in which it exists represents the first yoga therapy. Yoga chikitsa could be termed as man’s first attempt at unitive understanding of mind-emotions-physical distress and is the oldest wholistic concept and therapy in the world.” To achieve this yogic integration at all levels of our being, it is essential that we take into consideration the all encompassing multi dimensional aspects of yoga that include the following: a healthy life-nourishing diet, a healthy and natural environment, a wholistic lifestyle, adequate bodywork through asana, mudra-bandha and kriya, invigorating breath work through pranayama and the cultivation of a healthy thought process through jnana yoga and raja yoga. The International Association of Yoga Therapists (IAYT), USA has taken this idea into account in defining Yoga therapy as follows : “Yoga therapy is the process of empowering individuals to progress toward improved health and well-being through the application of the philosophy and practice of yoga.” This has been further elabourated by the IAYT in its “Recommended Educational Standards for the Training of Yoga Therapists”, published on 1 July, 2012. This is one of the best documents on standards in yoga therapy and is a path breaking effort covering comprehensively all aspects of yoga as a holistic therapy. The need of the hour is for a symbiotic relationship between yoga and modern science. To satisfy this need, living, human bridges combining the best of both worlds need to be cultivated. It is important that more dedicated scientists take up yoga and that more yogis study science, so that we can build a bridge between these two great evolutionary aspects of our civilization. The process as well as the goal of yoga is all about becoming "one" with an integrated state of being.
Effect of yogic practices in State level football playersIOSR Journals
Abstract: To see the effect of three month yogic exercise in state level football players 50 state level football
players were selected as a subject. The pre-test, mid test and post test had been taken by using Dynamic
flexibility test, side split flexibility test and shoulder and wrist elevation flexibility test tools. To determine the
difference between the 3 groups (initial, mid and post test) of state level football players F test was employed at
0.05 significance level. And to determine the training effect the t test for comparison mean was employed for
two tails at the confidence level 0.05 level of significant.
The comparative between the initial and post test of dynamic flexibility test, side split flexibility test and
shoulder and wrist elevation flexibility test for the state level football players were found to be statistically
significant at .05 confidence level as the values 10.676, 10.003 and 10.102 respectively were found greater than
the tabulation value (1.98). Key wards: Dynamic flexibility, Side sliding flexibility, shoulder and wrist elevation, F test, comparative t test.
Effect of yogic practices on Static & Dynamic flexibility of College StudentIOSR Journals
Abstract: To see the effect of six weeks yogic exercise in college students 38 BPE 1st year students of IDCPE
Ishwar Deshmukh Collge of Physical Education Nagpur were selected as a subject. The pre-test and post test
had been taken by using Dynamic flexibility test, side split flexibility test and shoulder and wrist elevation
flexibility test tools. To determine the difference between the 2 groups (initial and post test) of one group
experimental group of the BPE 1st year student t test was employed at 0.05 significance level. And to determine
the training effect the t test for comparison mean was employed for two tails at the confidence level 0.05 level of
significant.
The comparative between the initial and post test of dynamic flexibility test, side split flexibility test and
shoulder and wrist elevation flexibility test for the state level football players were found to be statistically no
significant at .05 confidence level.
Key wards: Dynamic flexibility, Side sliding flexibility, shoulder and wrist elevation, BPE, IDCPE,
comparative t test.
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Effect of Yoga on Selected Physical and Physiological Variables of Physical Education Students
1. IOSR Journal of Sports and Physical Education (IOSR-JSPE)
e-ISSN: 2347-6737, p-ISSN: 2347-6745, Volume 2, Issue 4 (Jul – Aug. 2015), PP 18-24
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/6737-0241824 www.iosrjournals.org 18 | Page
Effect of Yoga on Selected Physical and Physiological Variables of
Physical Education Students
Sunil Rayat
Assistant Professor,Post- Graduate Department of Physical Education.SGGS Khalsa College Mahilpur, India
Abstract: According to medical scientists, yoga therapy is successful because of the balance created in the
nervous and endocrine systems which directly influences all the other systems and organs of the body. Yoga acts
both as a “Curative therapy”. The very essence of yoga lies in attaining mental peace, improved concentration
powers, a relaxed state of living and harmony in relationship.Regular practice of asana, pranayama and
meditation can help such diverse, ailments such as diabetes, blood pressure, digestive disorders, arthritis,
arteriosclerosis, chronic fatigue, asthma, varicose veins and heart conditions. Laboratory tests have proved the
yogi’s increased abilities of consciously controlling autonomic or involuntary functions, such as temperature,
heartbeat and blood pressure.The study was undertaken with the aim to observe the effect of yoga(asana
&pranayama) onselected physical & physiological variables of physical education B.P.ED (Bachelor of
Physical Education) and M.P.ED (Master of Physical Education) students.For this study total 40 male students
were selected as subject from SGGS Khalsa College Mahilpur, Punjab, India. Their age ranged between 18-24
years. Students were given the treatment of selected yogicasana &pranayama for 12 weeks Result shows that the
regular practice of yoga improvedphysical variables (Muscular strength & endurance of trunk; and flexibility)
& physiologicalvariables (Pulse Rate, Vital Capacity & Peak Flow Rate) significantly.
I. Introductions
The most important benefit of yoga is physical and mental therapy.Indians have given great importance
to „yoga‟ and „physical exercises‟ not only to prevent or cure the physical ailments/diseases but to keep fit also.
The great ancient Rishis, Vedas and Purans also have given much importance to physical fitness
(Uppal&Gautam, 2006). Traditionally lord Shiva is regarded as the Original founder of yoga. It is believed that
this secret divine Science of life, revealed to enlightened sages in meditation, was firstly narrated by lord Shiva
to his wife Parvati for “Upliftment of humanity”. Hiranyagarbha has been proclaimed as the veryfirst teacher of
yoga. Yoga is an ancient science of physical, mental and spiritual development. Yoga has become increasingly
popular in Western cultures as a means of exercise and fitness training. Yoga is ultimate for developing
harmony among body, mind and spirit. Yoga asana are ways of moving and/or holding the body in different
position. Yoga asana has several exercises or postures that work wonders on fitness and health. Varying widely
in application and style, these exercises (postures) gently stretch and explore all parts of body. Yoga asana boost
physical strength, stamina and flexibility, improve blood circulation, enhance posture and muscle tone and
bestow greater powers of concentration and self-control.Through the practice of yoga, we become aware of the
connection between our emotional, mental and physical levels On the other hand pranayama is one of the five
principles of Yoga or breathing and exercise which promote proper breathing.The ultimate goal of yoga is to
make it possible for you to be able to fuse together the gross material (annamaya), physical (pranamaya), mental
(manomaya), intellectual (vijnanamaya) and spiritual (anandamaya) levels within your being. In a Yogic point
of view, proper breathing is to bring more oxygen to the blood and to the brain, and to the control Prana or the
vital life energy. The union of these two Yogic Principles is considered as the highest form of purification and
self-discipline, covering both mind and body.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of yoga on selected physical & physiological
variables of physical education B.P.ED (Bachelor of Physical Education) and M.P.ED (Master of Physical
Education) students.
II. Methodology
Subjects
Total 40 male subjects were selected for this study. 25B.P.ED (Bachelor of Physical Education) and 15
M.P.ED (Master of Physical Education) students from SGGS Khalsa College Mahilpur, Indiawere taken as
sample. Their age ranged between 18-24 years.
2. Effect Of Yoga On Selected Physical And Physiologicalvariables Of Physical Education Students
DOI: 10.9790/6737-0241824 www.iosrjournals.org 19 | Page
Variable
Physical Measures
Muscular strength (dynamic) & muscular endurance of arm & shoulders.
Muscular strength & endurance (trunk).
Speed and agility.
Explosive strength of legs.
Speed of lower extremities & explosive strength.
Cardio-vascular endurance.
Flexibility.
Physiological Measures
Resting Pulse Rate
Vital Capacity
Peak Flow Rate
Tests: Following tests were utilized for the present study:-
Tests used for Physiological variables
Muscular strength (dynamic) & endurance of arm & shoulders : Pulls-ups
Muscular strength & endurance (trunk) : Bent-knee sit ups
Speed and agility : Shuttle-run
Explosive strength of legs : Standing board jump
Speed of lower extremities & explosive strength : 50 yards dash
Cardio-vascular endurance : 12 min. run & walk
Flexibility : Sit & Reach test
Tests conducted for Physiological variables
Resting Pulse Rate : Stop Watch
Vital Capacity : Spiro meter
Peak Flow Rate : Peak Flow Rate
Data Collection
All data were collected, in the month of August and October 2013 when they were attending their
regular classes. The researcher him-self specialize in yoga and administered the yoga programme. The subjects
were participated in yoga programme five days in a week at indoor hall, only for a period of 12 weeks.
Necessary instruction wasgiven by yoga instructor, to the subject before the administration of programme.
Confidentiality of response was guaranteed. The required data in different components was collected from the
students during first for morning classes.
Aahperyouth physical fitness test; and sit & reach test for measuring physical fitness variables organized at 1st
,
2nd
and 3rd
day while physiological measurement were taken 4th
day. After collection of pre-test scores on all the
selected variables, subjects participated in yoga programme. After collection of 12 weeks yoga programme,
post- test was conducted and all data were collected (as pre-test was collected) on all health variables.
Statistical Procedure
For analysis of the data collected from B.P.ED (Bachelor of Physical Education) and M.P.ED (Master
of Physical Education) students, Mean and SD was computed. To find out the effect of yoga on selected
physical & physiological variables of students, „t‟ test was applied. For testing the hypothesis the level of
significance was set at .05 levels.
III. Discussion And Findings
Table 1 shows the comparison of means of selected physical variables of pre test scores. In pull-ups
mean value of pre- test in 12.2 and post- test is 13.38. In bent-knee sit ups mean value of pre- test is 38.42 and
post- test is 43.31. inshuttle-run mean value of pre- test is 10.46 and post- test is 10.32. In standing broad jump
mean value of pre -test is 224.36 and post- test is 229.7. In 50 yards dash mean value of pre- test is 7.19 and
post- test is 7.01. In 12 min. run & walk mean value of pre- test is 2578.4 and post- test is 2648.2. in flexibility
value of pre- test is 17.23 and post- test is 24.54.
3. Effect Of Yoga On Selected Physical And Physiologicalvariables Of Physical Education Students
DOI: 10.9790/6737-0241824 www.iosrjournals.org 20 | Page
Table 1: CompressionOf Means Of Selected Physical Variables Of Pre Test & Post Test Scores
Components Group Mean SD T
Muscular strength & endurance(Pulls-ups, in count)
Muscular strength & endurance(Bent-knee sit ups, in count)
Speed and agility(Shuttle-run, in seconds)
Explosive strength(Standing board jump, in cm)
Speed of lower extremities & explosive strength
(50yards dash, in seconds)
Cardio-vascular endurance(12 min. run & walk, in meter)
Flexibility(in cm)
Pre- test
Post- test
Pre- test
Post- test
Pre -test
Post- test
Pre -test
Post- test
Pre -test
Post- test
Pre- test
Post- test
Pre -test
Post- test
12.2
13.38
38.42
43.31
10.46
10.32
224.36
229.7
7.19
7.01
2578.4
2648.2
17.23
24.54
5.34
5.78
9.35
8.3
2.48
3.24
25.4
28.9
1.47
1.58
362
396.52
4.32
6.03
0.948
2.473*
0.217
0.877
0.527
0.822
6.217*
Significant at .05 level
‘t’ value required to be significant at .05 level with 38 degree of freedom is 2.021
There is significant difference found between the means of selected physical variables ( Muscular
strength & endurance of trunk; and flexibility) of physical education students, as „t‟ value required to be
significant is 2.021 and calculated value is more compare to tabulated value. Raub (2002), reported after his
study that Yoga can improve strength and flexibility. Ray et al. (2001), also reported that shoulders, hip, trunk
and neck flexibility improved due to yogic exercises. Cowen & Adams (2005) also reported significant
improvements in upper body and trunk between the means of selected physical variables (Muscular
strength(dynamic) & muscular endurance of arm & shoulders; Speed and agility; Explosive strength of leg;
Speed of lower extremities & explosive strength; Cardio-vascular endurance) of physical education students,
as„t‟ value required to be significant is 1.98 and calculated value is less compare to tabulated value.
Fig 1.Comparison of Mean Difference in Pull-ups.
Fig. 2 - Comparison of Mean Difference in Sit-ups.
4. Effect Of Yoga On Selected Physical And Physiologicalvariables Of Physical Education Students
DOI: 10.9790/6737-0241824 www.iosrjournals.org 21 | Page
Fig. 3 - Comparison of Mean Difference in Shuttle Run
Fig. 4 - Comparison of Mean Difference in SBJ
Fig. 5 - Comparison of Mean Difference in 50 Yards dash (in seconds)
5. Effect Of Yoga On Selected Physical And Physiologicalvariables Of Physical Education Students
DOI: 10.9790/6737-0241824 www.iosrjournals.org 22 | Page
Fig. 6 - Comparison of Mean Difference in 12 min. run &walk (in meter)
Fig. 7 - Comparison of Mean Difference in Flexibility (in cm)
Table 2 shows the comparison of means of selected physical variable of pre- test & post test scores. In
pulse rate mean value of pre- test is 72.47 and post- test is 69.03.In vital capacity mean value of pre -test is
2998.56 and post- test is 3221.24. In pack flow rate mean value of pre- test is 462.84 and post- test is 496.03.
Table 2: Comparison Of Means of Selected Physiology Variables Of Pre Test & Post Testscores
Components Group Mean S.D. t
PulseRate
Vital Capacity
Peak Flow Rate
Pro- test
Post- test
Pro -test
Post -test
Pro -test
Post - test
72.47
69.03
2998.56
3221.24
462.84
496.03
5.39
6.42
346.73
408.56
69.49
70.05
2.595*
2.628*
2.127*
Significant at .05 level
‘t’ value required to be significant at .05 level with 38 degree of freedom is 2.021
There is significant difference found between the means of all selected physiological variables (pulse
rate, vital capacity & peak flow rate) of physical education students. Raub, (2002) reported to that Yoga may
help control such physiological variables as blood pressure, respiration and heart rate, metabolic rate to improve
overall exercise capacity. Harinath, (2004)also reported that yogic practicesfor 3 months resulted in an
improvement in cardio-respiratory performance. Joshi (1992) also reported that six weeks courses in
„pranayama‟ improve ventilatory function in the form of lowered respiratory rate, and increases in the forced
vital capacity , forced expiratory volume , maximum voluntary ventilation , peak expiratory flow rate , and
prolongation of breath holding time. Yadav and Das (2001) also reported significant increase in forced vital
capacity, forced expiatory volume and peak expiratory flow rate and the end of 12 weeks yoga training.
6. Effect Of Yoga On Selected Physical And Physiologicalvariables Of Physical Education Students
DOI: 10.9790/6737-0241824 www.iosrjournals.org 23 | Page
Fig. 8 - Comparison of Mean Difference in Heart Rate
Fig. 9 - Comparison of Mean Difference in Vital Capacity
Fig. 10 - Comparison of Mean Difference in Peak Flow Rate
7. Effect Of Yoga On Selected Physical And Physiologicalvariables Of Physical Education Students
DOI: 10.9790/6737-0241824 www.iosrjournals.org 24 | Page
IV. Conclusions
Twelve weeks Yoga training is beneficial for improvement in Muscular strength & endurance of trunk &
flexibility of physical education students.
Twelve weeks Yoga training significantly improved pulse rate, vital capacity &peak flow rate of physical
education students.
Twelve weeks Yoga training is not beneficial for improvement of Muscular strength(dynamic) & endurance
of arm & shoulder; Speed and agility; Explosive strength of legs; Speed of lower extremities & explosive
strength; Cardio-vascular endurance of physical education students.
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