The document discusses educational equity and social justice, emphasizing the importance of special education for children with disabilities and exceptional abilities. It outlines the philosophical foundation, objectives, and ultimate goal of special education, stressing the need for integration and dignity for all learners. Additionally, it explores the role of education in promoting social justice and equity in society, and highlights advocacy strategies for influencing educational policies.

1. EDUCATIONAL EQUITY
&
SOCIAL JUSTICE

2. SPECIAL EDUCATION
Learning knows no boundaries

3. • An educational program/service designed
to meet the needs of children with special
needs who cannot profit from general or
regular education because of disabilities or
exceptional abilities.
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
defines special education as “specially
designed instruction, at no cost to the
parents, to meet the unique needs of a
student with a disability.”
SPECIAL EDUCATION

4. • All the efforts to uphold the rights and dignity of
children with disabilities primarily root from the
philosophical understanding of man.
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION

5. These persons may be gifted/talented, fast learner, mentally
retarded, visually impaired, hearing impaired, with behavior
problems, orthopedically handicapped, with special health
problems, learning disabled, speech impaired or multiply
handicapped.
Special Education Division Philippines
Memorandum:
Special education refers to the education of persons who are
GIFTED OR TALENTED and those who have PHYSICAL, MENTAL,
SOCIAL OR SENSORY IMPAIRMENT AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES so
as to require modifications of the school curricula, programs
and special services and physical facilities to develop them to
their maximum capacity

6. - should have the rights
as normal children do
- must NOT be isolated
nor be looked down
- must be treated as
persons of dignity
- needs should be
provided
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION

7. • “Every child with special needs has a right to
an educational program that is suitable to
his needs.”
• “Special education shares with regular
education basic responsibilities of the
educational system to fulfill the right of the
child to develop to his full potential.”
BASIC PHILOSOPHY OF
SPECIAL EDUCATION

8. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE OF
SPECIAL EDUCATION
• The development and maximization of
learning competencies, as well as the
inculcation of values to make the learners with
special needs as useful and effective members
of society.

9. • To develop the maximum
potential of the child with
special needs to enable him
to become self-reliant and
shall be geared towards
providing him with the
opportunities for a full and
happy life.
OBJECTIVE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

10. ULTIMATE GOAL OF
SPECIAL EDUCATION
• The integration or mainstreaming of
learners with special needs into the regular
school system and eventually into the
community.

11. EXCEPTIONALITY
An individual or a child who has an exceptionality has some
area of functioning in which he or she is significantly
different from an established norm. This definition include
both students with disabilities and those with special gifts
or talents.
•learning disabilities
•developmental delays
•emotional and behavioral disorders
•communication disorders
•hearing disabilities
•visual impairments
•physical disabilities

12. CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE
TEACHING
- is the idea that culture is central to
student learning. It utilizes cultural
referents to impart knowledge,
skills, and attitudes.

13. CONCEPT OF SOCIAL
JUSTICE : EDUCATION AS
A MEANS

14. According to National Association
Of Social Workers, “ Social justice
is the view that everyone deserves
equal economic, political and
social rights and opportunities.”
Social justice is the equal access to
wealth, opportunities, and
privileges within a society

16. Social justice is a dynamic devise to
mitigate the sufferings of the poor, weak,
dalits, tribal and deprived sections of the
society and to elevate them to the level
of equality to live life with dignity.

17. Education as an Instrument
for Achieving Social Justice
'Education is the most powerful weapon
which you can use to change the world.'
-Nelson Mandela

18. Education provides the tools to improve
the quality of life in modern society both
economically and sociologically.
Education is power
Education has the power to change the
entire life.
e.g., promoting gender equality to
reducing poverty.
Education as an Instrument
for Achieving Social Justice

19. Social justice education
The goal of social justice education is full and equal
participation of all groups in society that is mutually
shaped to meet their needs.
A prominent social justice education theorist,
Lee Ann Bell (1997) puts it:
“… [S]ocial justice education is both a process and a goal. Social
justice includes a vision of society in which the distribution of
resources is equitable and all members are physically and
psychologically safe and secure. We envision a society in which
individuals are both self-determining
(able to develop their full capacities) and interdependent (capable of
interacting democratically with others).”

20. TECHNOLOGY
&
ACCESS

21. A World of Technology
• Because technology
changes, you must keep
up with the changes to
remain digitally literate
• Digital literacy involves
having a current
knowledge and
understanding of
computers, mobile
devices, the Internet, and
related technologies

22. Uses of Technology in Society
Education Government Finance Retail
Entertainment Health Care Travel Science
Publishing Manufacturing

23. The Internet
The World Wide Web (or web, for short) is a global library of
information available to anyone connected to the Internet
The web consists of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents, each of which is called a webpage
A website is a collection of related webpages
A web server is a computer that delivers requested
webpages to your computer or mobile device

25. EQUITY IN EDUCATION
Concept:
• Raising the Achievement of all students While
narrowing the gap between the highest & Lowest
performing students & eliminating the racial
predictability & disproportionality of which student
groups occupy the highest & lowest achievement
categories.
• Equity means that every child gets what he or she needs
to succeed as opposed to everyone gets the same thing.

26. EQUALITY & EQUITY

27. • Raise awareness & work towards an achievement of equity
• Listen to the children & their parents.
• Work with civil society organizations that have connections
with the community
• Setup a system for watching over the school & community
to address discrimination.
• Accept that certain children are excluded from participating
equitably in education.
PRINCIPLES OF ENSURING
EQUITY IN EDUCATION

28. STEPS FOR EQUITY IN
EDUCATION
working with
parents
Local & relevant
curriculum
Data Collection,
Monitoring &
Evaluation
The Role of
Teachers

29. POLICY AND
ADVOCACY

30. What is advocacy?
Process to:
• Influence policy and decision makers, fight for social change,
transform public perceptions and attitudes, modify behaviors,
or mobilize resources. (GAVI)
• Use information strategically to change policies that affect the
lives of disadvantaged people. (BOND)
• Change attitudes, actions, policies and laws by influencing
people and organizations with power. (India HIV/AIDS
Alliance, 2002)
• Speak up, draw attention to an issue, win the support of key
constituencies in order to influence policies and spending, and
bring about change. (WHO TB Programme)
• Advocacy is about influencing or changing relationships of
power.

31. Advocacy strategies
Desired
change
Who?
Identify & define relationships;
influencers;
decision makers
How?
Identify opportunities;
Prepare communication tools &
engagement strategies
What?
Identify knowledge gaps:
What research exists?
What needs to be tested?
What new knowledge is
needed?

32. Policy brief – an effective tool
• What are policy briefs
• Types of basic policy briefs
• An advocacy brief argues in favor of a particular
• An objective brief – balanced information for
policy markers
• What should a policy brief do:
• Enough background
• Convince the problem must address urgently
• Information about alternatives (objective brief)
and evidence to support one alternative (advocacy
brief)
• Stimulate reader to make a decision