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1. SEVA NURSING INSTITUTE ,
DHULE
DIABETES MELLITUS
Presented By: Mr. Imtiyaz
Shaikh.
Class: 3rd Semester BSc.
Nursing.

2. INTRODUCTION:
A disease in which the body's ability to produce or respond to the
hormone insulin is impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of
carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood.

3. Definition :
. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic multisystem disease related to
abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both.
• Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin,
or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin
produced.

4. INSULIN :
• It is a hormone produced by pancreas. It maintains the level of blood
glucose by regulating the production and storage of glucose. As well
as carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism also affected in this
case.

5. TYPES OF DIABETES
MELLITUS:
1. IDDM (Insulin Dependent Diabetes mellitus):-
• Effects children
• Caused due to deficiency of children
• Genetic variations & auto-immune response are leading cause.
2. NIDDM (Non-Insulin Dependent DM) Diabetes Mellitus :-
• Effects adults
• caused due to insulin resistance by body.
• Obesity, inactive lifestyle, heredity are leading cause.

6. TYPES OF DIABETES
MELLITUS:
3. Gestational Diabetes:-
• Occurs during pregnancy
• Excessive weight gain, genetic history of dibetes
4. MODY :-
• Very rare
• caused in adults below 25 year of age
• caused due to genetic variation

7. ETIOLOGY:
• Type 1-Diabetes Mellitus:
• Auto-immune disease
• Genetic & hereditary reasons
• Eating unhealthy food
• Viruses and infections
• Stress
• Obesity
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:
. Genetic factors
. Lack of Exercise
. Lower sleep duration
. High blood pressure
. Smoking
. Age

8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Destruction or inflammation of B-cells of pancreas
Decrease secretion of insulin
Insulin requirement is not sufficient for total body
Disturbances in carbohydrates metabolism
Increase blood sugar level (hyperglycemia)
Decreases Glycogen level and decreases energy,
patient feels fatigue
Weight loss due to improper carbohydrates
metabolism and also increases appetite

9. PHARMACOLOGICAL
MANAGEMENT:
1. Insulin injection should be given according to blood sugar level. It
should given before meal (half an hours) in three times in a day.
2. Hypoglycemic drugs
Example:
-Pioglitazone Hydrochloride
- Metformin (Biguanides)
-Glipizide (Second generation sulfonylureas).

10. NURSING
MANAGEMENT:
1.assessment - medicines, allergies, symptoms, family history
2.regular glucose monitoring
3.Nutritional Modification
4.drug therapy
5.regular exercise

11. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
• 1)Fluid volume deficit related to hyperglycemia and restricted intake.
• 2) Risk for unstable blood glucose level related to deficiency of insulin.
• 3) Self care deficit related to disease process.
• 4)Altered daily living pattern related to fatigue and weakness.
• 5)Activity intolerance related to poor glucose control.

12. CONCLUSION:
• Diabetes mellitus is a rare disorder which leads to an
imbalance of fluids within the body and this imbalance makes
you very thirsty even after having something to drink. Because
of the vast water intake, it leads you to need to frequently
pass large quantities of urine.

13. SUMMARY:
• Treatable, but not curable.
• Preventable in obesity, adult client.
• Diagnostic Tests
• Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
• Nursing implications- monitoring, teaching and assessing for
complications.

14. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Book Reference:
A text book of “Adult Health Nursing – I”
AUTHOR NAME: MJ. Kumari
Page No: 475 – 489
Web Reference:
https://www.slideshare.net
https://www.slideplayer.com
https://www.diabetesed.net

15. S
THANK YOU…