The document discusses three instructional design models: 1. The ADDIE model is a six step process for instructional design that focuses on the relationship between context, content, learning, and instruction. 2. Dale's Cone of Experience shows that learner retention increases the more actively involved students are in the learning process through hands-on activities. 3. Gagne's instructional theory has three elements - a taxonomy of learning outcomes, conditions needed to achieve those outcomes, and nine events of instruction. It is a simple model designed for curriculum development with an emphasis on understanding the learner.