Video editing involves both artistic and technical processes to compile and alter video footage into a new version. The artistic process decides what elements to retain, delete, or combine to create an organized and visually pleasing end result. The technical process involves copying the various elements onto a single medium for viewing or distribution. There are two main types of video editing: linear editing which uses equipment like VCRs and edit controllers in a mechanical step-by-step process, and non-linear editing which utilizes computer software for a digital cut-and-paste approach. Both techniques can be combined in a video production process.
Music videos typically last 3-4 minutes and combine live performance with narrative or conceptual imagery to promote an artist's music and image. They tell stories, either related to or suggested by song lyrics, or develop symbolic or thematic concepts. Many include some combination of the artist performing, a narrative storyline, and visual elements to represent the song's meaning. The goal is to entertain audiences while advertising the artist's music and setting the tone for how the song should be interpreted.
Music video research and intertextualityalevelmedia
An introduction into the genre of music videos, including a brief history, examination of past and modern day technical codes, and how modern day music videos all incorporate some form of intertextuality. Adapted and updated by alevelmedia.co.uk
The document discusses voyeurism in music videos. Voyeurism involves watching others engage in sexual acts without their consent in order to gain pleasure. Music videos often feature the objectifying male gaze towards women through fragmented camera shots that emphasize sexual body parts. Voyeurism is used in music videos to sell products and generate interest. Examples provided include videos that feature scantily clad women dancing sexually while being filmed from low camera angles that accentuate their bodies.
Codes and conventions of a rock music videoislalee1
Rock music originated in the 1950s in the US and was influenced by other genres like folk, country, and jazz. It is typically performed by bands with 4 or more members playing electric guitar and other instruments like drums. Rock artists in music videos and performances commonly wear black, have tattoos and piercings, and use facial expressions and body language to express the mood of the song. Rock videos also feature common visual conventions like low-key lighting, outdoor settings, cuts that match the tempo, and narratives that relate to the lyrics.
The document discusses several key aspects of music videos identified by Andrew Goodwin, including thought beats, narrative and performance, star images, technical aspects, and the relationship between visuals and song. It explains Goodwin's three steps for identifying thought beats: examining song structure and music, listening to the artist's voice, and understanding the artist's role as storyteller. The document also discusses the importance of narrative, star image, technical elements, and Roland Barthes' codes for analyzing narrative texts. Finally, it summarizes Vladimir Propp's eight character types commonly found in narratives.
Codes and conventions of indie music videosLaurahatcher
1) Indie music videos often feature live performances to keep the focus on the artist's talent and passion for music. This conveys the genre's emphasis on music over commercial success.
2) Narrative videos are also popular, using a story to make the video more memorable and engage viewers. Special effects allow more creative storylines.
3) Mise-en-scene elements like sets, costumes, and makeup are used to establish retro aesthetics common in indie rock and convey themes through a character's appearance.
In hip hop music videos, there are several conventions used to convey status and power. Low camera angles are used to make the artist appear powerful over the audience. Crowds dancing to the beat gives credibility to the song. Expensive clothing, jewelry, cars, and money flaunt wealth and status. Men generally dominate while women are portrayed as sex objects. Visuals are linked to lyrics by featuring objects mentioned. Close ups emphasize the importance of the artist. Intertextuality connects lesser-known artists to more popular culture figures. Overall, the goal is to present the artist as powerful, wealthy, and with many admirers through these visual conventions.
Lighting is an important element in conveying mood in music videos. The document examines three music videos - Rihanna's "We Found Love", Kesha's "Tik Tok", and Jessie J's "Who You Are" - and how lighting was used in each to portray different emotions. For "We Found Love", dim lighting created a dull, sad feeling to match the song's theme of love and heartbreak. "Tik Tok" used bright, natural lighting to give an airy, happier impression for its upbeat party theme. "Who You Are" employed blue-tinted lighting to convey coldness and depth for its personal lyrics. The document concludes lighting is crucial for revealing feelings in music and will
Music videos typically last 3-4 minutes and combine live performance with narrative or conceptual imagery to promote an artist's music and image. They tell stories, either related to or suggested by song lyrics, or develop symbolic or thematic concepts. Many include some combination of the artist performing, a narrative storyline, and visual elements to represent the song's meaning. The goal is to entertain audiences while advertising the artist's music and setting the tone for how the song should be interpreted.
Music video research and intertextualityalevelmedia
An introduction into the genre of music videos, including a brief history, examination of past and modern day technical codes, and how modern day music videos all incorporate some form of intertextuality. Adapted and updated by alevelmedia.co.uk
The document discusses voyeurism in music videos. Voyeurism involves watching others engage in sexual acts without their consent in order to gain pleasure. Music videos often feature the objectifying male gaze towards women through fragmented camera shots that emphasize sexual body parts. Voyeurism is used in music videos to sell products and generate interest. Examples provided include videos that feature scantily clad women dancing sexually while being filmed from low camera angles that accentuate their bodies.
Codes and conventions of a rock music videoislalee1
Rock music originated in the 1950s in the US and was influenced by other genres like folk, country, and jazz. It is typically performed by bands with 4 or more members playing electric guitar and other instruments like drums. Rock artists in music videos and performances commonly wear black, have tattoos and piercings, and use facial expressions and body language to express the mood of the song. Rock videos also feature common visual conventions like low-key lighting, outdoor settings, cuts that match the tempo, and narratives that relate to the lyrics.
The document discusses several key aspects of music videos identified by Andrew Goodwin, including thought beats, narrative and performance, star images, technical aspects, and the relationship between visuals and song. It explains Goodwin's three steps for identifying thought beats: examining song structure and music, listening to the artist's voice, and understanding the artist's role as storyteller. The document also discusses the importance of narrative, star image, technical elements, and Roland Barthes' codes for analyzing narrative texts. Finally, it summarizes Vladimir Propp's eight character types commonly found in narratives.
Codes and conventions of indie music videosLaurahatcher
1) Indie music videos often feature live performances to keep the focus on the artist's talent and passion for music. This conveys the genre's emphasis on music over commercial success.
2) Narrative videos are also popular, using a story to make the video more memorable and engage viewers. Special effects allow more creative storylines.
3) Mise-en-scene elements like sets, costumes, and makeup are used to establish retro aesthetics common in indie rock and convey themes through a character's appearance.
In hip hop music videos, there are several conventions used to convey status and power. Low camera angles are used to make the artist appear powerful over the audience. Crowds dancing to the beat gives credibility to the song. Expensive clothing, jewelry, cars, and money flaunt wealth and status. Men generally dominate while women are portrayed as sex objects. Visuals are linked to lyrics by featuring objects mentioned. Close ups emphasize the importance of the artist. Intertextuality connects lesser-known artists to more popular culture figures. Overall, the goal is to present the artist as powerful, wealthy, and with many admirers through these visual conventions.
Lighting is an important element in conveying mood in music videos. The document examines three music videos - Rihanna's "We Found Love", Kesha's "Tik Tok", and Jessie J's "Who You Are" - and how lighting was used in each to portray different emotions. For "We Found Love", dim lighting created a dull, sad feeling to match the song's theme of love and heartbreak. "Tik Tok" used bright, natural lighting to give an airy, happier impression for its upbeat party theme. "Who You Are" employed blue-tinted lighting to convey coldness and depth for its personal lyrics. The document concludes lighting is crucial for revealing feelings in music and will
This document discusses different types and styles of music videos. The main types are narrative-based, which tell a story related to the song's lyrics; performance-based, which primarily feature the artist performing; and concept-based, which are based on a specific theme or concept. Some common styles are animation, interpretive, impressionist, intertextual, surrealist, and allusion. Examples are provided for each type and style.
The document discusses some key concepts from postmodern media theory, including hybridity, bricolage, simulation, intertextuality, and disjointed narratives. It provides examples to illustrate each concept, such as how MIA's "Paper Planes" is both a hybrid song sampling various genres and a case of bricolage through its association with the film Slumdog Millionaire. The document aims to help readers identify these postmodern aesthetic elements in media texts.
1. Goodwin suggested that music videos often link the genre of music to the genre of visuals. For example, a punk rock video may feature punk rock fashion and live performance elements.
2. Goodwin also noted there is usually a relationship between the visuals and lyrics of a music video. Visuals may illustrate, amplify, or contradict what is being sung.
3. According to Goodwin, the tone and atmosphere of a music video typically reflects the music itself.
Indie Music Videos: Conventions & ExamplesTrampezium
This document provides analysis of the music videos for 5 indie songs: M83's "Midnight City", The Lumineers' "Ho Hey", Passion Pit's "Little Secrets", Don Broco's "Priorities", and Coldplay's "Paradise". Each analysis section covers the sound, camerawork, editing, and mise-en-scene of the respective music video. Common conventions across the indie music video genre include narrative-based storytelling inspired by films, natural lighting, and a cinematic visual style with titles and credits.
Andrew Goodwin developed a theory of six characteristics that are commonly seen in music videos. The six characteristics are: 1) Demonstrating genre characteristics. 2) Having a relationship between the music and visuals where the visuals match the tone and atmosphere of the song. 3) Having a relationship between the lyrics and visuals where the visuals match the literal or deeper meaning of the lyrics. 4) Addressing the demands of the record label to promote and profit from the artist. 5) Using techniques like direct eye contact or voyeurism to connect the artist to the audience. 6) Making intertextual references to other media or the artist's prior work to provide deeper meaning. Examples are provided that demonstrate each of Good
Codes and Conventions of Indie Genre Music VideosAxel Cansdale
This document provides an overview of codes and conventions commonly found in indie genre music videos. It discusses the broad and diverse nature of the indie genre and some of its subcategories like indie-pop, indie-rock, and indie-folk. It then examines typical elements of indie music videos like their narrative style, use of camera shots, sound design, editing techniques, mise-en-scene aspects involving lighting, props, costumes, locations, and color palettes. Examples are given of specific music videos to illustrate these common conventions.
The video for Taylor Swift's "Bad Blood" tells the story of her character Catastrophe who has a falling out with her friend Arsyn, portrayed by Selena Gomez. This is shown through lyrics about having "bad blood" now. The video features Catastrophe and Arsyn assembling teams dressed in dark vs. light colors to symbolize good vs. evil. It culminates in a fight scene between the two teams. Intercutting celebrity cameos are used to promote both Taylor and the other artists, growing Taylor's brand through controversy and rivalry.
The document provides an analysis of indie music videos. It discusses that indie music videos typically have low budgets and feature simple settings focused on the artist. Live performances are very common to showcase the artist's talents. Narratives are also used to help audiences relate to the song lyrics. Close-up shots of the artist are important to convey emotion. Indie videos often have a retro style through sets, costumes, and effects. There is usually a strong relationship between the visuals, music, and lyrics.
Goodwin developed a theory consisting of eight principles that can be applied to analyze any music video. The principles include: linking the lyrics and visuals, linking the music and visuals, showcasing genre characteristics, including intertextual references, employing notions of looking and voyeurism, addressing the demands of the record label, and being performance-based, narrative-based, or concept-based. Each principle is explained in more detail in the document.
This document discusses post-production techniques used in music videos, including editing techniques like cutting shots to match the beat of the song. It explains how cutting to the beat can create rhythm and draw the viewer in. Special effects and color correction are also mentioned as techniques used in music videos. The document instructs students to complete tasks on the course website to understand how these techniques are applied.
Steve Archer is a media theorist known for his analysis of how music videos appeal to audiences. He identified five key elements that make music videos successful at enhancing the listening experience and marketing music. These include visualizing the imagery listeners associate with the music, telling a narrative, developing the artist's public image, illustrating or expanding on the song's meaning, and technical aspects like camerawork, lighting, and editing that keep time with the music. Archer sees music videos as part of an intertextual marketing strategy to attract audiences through multiple related media forms that together appeal to fans' desires to consume as much content as possible about their favorite artists.
The video has many intertextual references to works like The Wicker Man and the children's TV show Trumpton. It depicts a town where the upper classes hold power over the workers and foreigners. Scenes show the mayor controlling the townspeople and migrants being forced into unfair labor. The video comments on issues like xenophobia, authoritarianism, and differences in social class. It uses surreal puppet imagery and animation to portray these concepts in a way that references both nostalgia for childhood media and darker symbolic art styles.
The document discusses various representations evident in music videos and how they promote artists. It covers concepts like intertextuality, social realism, and targeting audiences. Key points include how Massive Attack's "Unfinished Sympathy" video uses a realist representation of street life to portray the band as authentic and grounded. It also analyzes how the video's continuous shot and lack of focus on any one member presents an alternative perspective to promote equality.
Music videos employ various camera techniques, editing styles, and mise-en-scene elements to represent the mood and themes of songs. Common shots include long shots, close-ups, and mid shots to emphasize artists, locations, and emotions. Jump cuts are frequently used to transition between scenes. Mise-en-scene arranges performers and props to reflect elements of the song through settings, costumes, and lighting. Different genres also have distinguishing conventions - for example, indie videos often use black and white with dark locations while hip hop features expensive displays of wealth and pop emphasizes bright colors and upbeat emotions.
The music video for Taylor Swift's "Bad Blood" focuses the camera on Taylor throughout to reinforce her importance. Editing is used to match actions in the video to the beat of the song. Taylor is shown as powerful through her weapons, fighting, and dominance over other characters. Her innocence from earlier in her career is represented by a teddy bear being attacked.
Rap music videos commonly feature the performer rapping towards the camera to engage with the audience. Shots are often filmed with a fish-eye lens from a low angle. The videos typically have fast-paced cuts that match the song's tempo or longer cuts to signify jumps in the narrative. Many videos tell a story through the narrative but also include scenes of the artist lip-syncing the song. Eminem's "Lose Yourself" balances both a narrative about his career and performances of him rapping to the camera. Artists frequently rap about wealth which is represented through mise-en-scene such as money, guns, and other luxury items.
This document provides an analysis of the music video for Katy Perry's song "Thinking of You" according to seven key ideas for identifying elements in music videos put forth by Andrew Goodwin. It discusses how the music video demonstrates characteristics of the pop genre through inclusion of Katy Perry's performance and use of editing techniques like fade ins and outs. It also analyzes how the video illustrates the song's lyrics through its narrative of a couple separated by war and how the cuts are timed to the music. Close-ups of Perry are used to relate her to the character and promote her artistic abilities. References are made to other works like "Dear John" and the video aims to appeal to Perry's target audience through these intertext
1. Andrew Goodwin identified 5 key aspects of music videos that audiences should look for: thought beats, narrative and performance, the star image, the relation of visuals to song, and technical aspects.
2. Goodwin recognized that there is often a relationship between the music video's visuals and the song's lyrics, either illustrating, amplifying, or contradicting them. Visuals are also commonly edited to the song's beats or changes in pace.
3. Different music genres have distinguishing styles and icons used in their music videos to represent the genre, and artists often repeat trademark actions to make their songs recognizable.
Iconography refers to the visual symbols and conventions associated with different music genres. In rock music, the conventions include loud, instrumental music and musicians with wild hair and rebellious fashion styles. Pop music iconography features clean vocals with unconventional notes, upbeat tunes with less instrumentation, and artists using revealing clothing or sexualized music videos to sell themselves. Indie music has a hybrid style, with some artists having clear vocals like pop and others being loud like rock. Indie artists appear clean cut like pop but unique like rock, and their performances have a conservative approach focused on the music rather than showmanship.
This document defines various video and audio editing terms:
- Scrubbing is moving forward or backward through audio/video using a mouse, keyboard, or other device.
- SECAM is an analog broadcast television standard used in parts of Europe and Africa, similar to PAL but at 25 fps.
- SDI is a professional digital video connection format that transfers at 270 Mbps over coaxial cable.
- A storyboard outlines material to be shot on film/video or indicates a sequence of clips to be edited.
Users Guide Installation Techni Sat Sky StarSais Abdelkrim
The document provides instructions for installing a TechniSat DVB-PC TV Stars device and the necessary drivers and software. It describes installing the PCI or USB hardware, installing the driver when prompted by the operating system, and installing the applications software from the included CD. It also provides system requirements and instructions for connecting to satellite, terrestrial, or cable services once installation is complete.
This document discusses different types and styles of music videos. The main types are narrative-based, which tell a story related to the song's lyrics; performance-based, which primarily feature the artist performing; and concept-based, which are based on a specific theme or concept. Some common styles are animation, interpretive, impressionist, intertextual, surrealist, and allusion. Examples are provided for each type and style.
The document discusses some key concepts from postmodern media theory, including hybridity, bricolage, simulation, intertextuality, and disjointed narratives. It provides examples to illustrate each concept, such as how MIA's "Paper Planes" is both a hybrid song sampling various genres and a case of bricolage through its association with the film Slumdog Millionaire. The document aims to help readers identify these postmodern aesthetic elements in media texts.
1. Goodwin suggested that music videos often link the genre of music to the genre of visuals. For example, a punk rock video may feature punk rock fashion and live performance elements.
2. Goodwin also noted there is usually a relationship between the visuals and lyrics of a music video. Visuals may illustrate, amplify, or contradict what is being sung.
3. According to Goodwin, the tone and atmosphere of a music video typically reflects the music itself.
Indie Music Videos: Conventions & ExamplesTrampezium
This document provides analysis of the music videos for 5 indie songs: M83's "Midnight City", The Lumineers' "Ho Hey", Passion Pit's "Little Secrets", Don Broco's "Priorities", and Coldplay's "Paradise". Each analysis section covers the sound, camerawork, editing, and mise-en-scene of the respective music video. Common conventions across the indie music video genre include narrative-based storytelling inspired by films, natural lighting, and a cinematic visual style with titles and credits.
Andrew Goodwin developed a theory of six characteristics that are commonly seen in music videos. The six characteristics are: 1) Demonstrating genre characteristics. 2) Having a relationship between the music and visuals where the visuals match the tone and atmosphere of the song. 3) Having a relationship between the lyrics and visuals where the visuals match the literal or deeper meaning of the lyrics. 4) Addressing the demands of the record label to promote and profit from the artist. 5) Using techniques like direct eye contact or voyeurism to connect the artist to the audience. 6) Making intertextual references to other media or the artist's prior work to provide deeper meaning. Examples are provided that demonstrate each of Good
Codes and Conventions of Indie Genre Music VideosAxel Cansdale
This document provides an overview of codes and conventions commonly found in indie genre music videos. It discusses the broad and diverse nature of the indie genre and some of its subcategories like indie-pop, indie-rock, and indie-folk. It then examines typical elements of indie music videos like their narrative style, use of camera shots, sound design, editing techniques, mise-en-scene aspects involving lighting, props, costumes, locations, and color palettes. Examples are given of specific music videos to illustrate these common conventions.
The video for Taylor Swift's "Bad Blood" tells the story of her character Catastrophe who has a falling out with her friend Arsyn, portrayed by Selena Gomez. This is shown through lyrics about having "bad blood" now. The video features Catastrophe and Arsyn assembling teams dressed in dark vs. light colors to symbolize good vs. evil. It culminates in a fight scene between the two teams. Intercutting celebrity cameos are used to promote both Taylor and the other artists, growing Taylor's brand through controversy and rivalry.
The document provides an analysis of indie music videos. It discusses that indie music videos typically have low budgets and feature simple settings focused on the artist. Live performances are very common to showcase the artist's talents. Narratives are also used to help audiences relate to the song lyrics. Close-up shots of the artist are important to convey emotion. Indie videos often have a retro style through sets, costumes, and effects. There is usually a strong relationship between the visuals, music, and lyrics.
Goodwin developed a theory consisting of eight principles that can be applied to analyze any music video. The principles include: linking the lyrics and visuals, linking the music and visuals, showcasing genre characteristics, including intertextual references, employing notions of looking and voyeurism, addressing the demands of the record label, and being performance-based, narrative-based, or concept-based. Each principle is explained in more detail in the document.
This document discusses post-production techniques used in music videos, including editing techniques like cutting shots to match the beat of the song. It explains how cutting to the beat can create rhythm and draw the viewer in. Special effects and color correction are also mentioned as techniques used in music videos. The document instructs students to complete tasks on the course website to understand how these techniques are applied.
Steve Archer is a media theorist known for his analysis of how music videos appeal to audiences. He identified five key elements that make music videos successful at enhancing the listening experience and marketing music. These include visualizing the imagery listeners associate with the music, telling a narrative, developing the artist's public image, illustrating or expanding on the song's meaning, and technical aspects like camerawork, lighting, and editing that keep time with the music. Archer sees music videos as part of an intertextual marketing strategy to attract audiences through multiple related media forms that together appeal to fans' desires to consume as much content as possible about their favorite artists.
The video has many intertextual references to works like The Wicker Man and the children's TV show Trumpton. It depicts a town where the upper classes hold power over the workers and foreigners. Scenes show the mayor controlling the townspeople and migrants being forced into unfair labor. The video comments on issues like xenophobia, authoritarianism, and differences in social class. It uses surreal puppet imagery and animation to portray these concepts in a way that references both nostalgia for childhood media and darker symbolic art styles.
The document discusses various representations evident in music videos and how they promote artists. It covers concepts like intertextuality, social realism, and targeting audiences. Key points include how Massive Attack's "Unfinished Sympathy" video uses a realist representation of street life to portray the band as authentic and grounded. It also analyzes how the video's continuous shot and lack of focus on any one member presents an alternative perspective to promote equality.
Music videos employ various camera techniques, editing styles, and mise-en-scene elements to represent the mood and themes of songs. Common shots include long shots, close-ups, and mid shots to emphasize artists, locations, and emotions. Jump cuts are frequently used to transition between scenes. Mise-en-scene arranges performers and props to reflect elements of the song through settings, costumes, and lighting. Different genres also have distinguishing conventions - for example, indie videos often use black and white with dark locations while hip hop features expensive displays of wealth and pop emphasizes bright colors and upbeat emotions.
The music video for Taylor Swift's "Bad Blood" focuses the camera on Taylor throughout to reinforce her importance. Editing is used to match actions in the video to the beat of the song. Taylor is shown as powerful through her weapons, fighting, and dominance over other characters. Her innocence from earlier in her career is represented by a teddy bear being attacked.
Rap music videos commonly feature the performer rapping towards the camera to engage with the audience. Shots are often filmed with a fish-eye lens from a low angle. The videos typically have fast-paced cuts that match the song's tempo or longer cuts to signify jumps in the narrative. Many videos tell a story through the narrative but also include scenes of the artist lip-syncing the song. Eminem's "Lose Yourself" balances both a narrative about his career and performances of him rapping to the camera. Artists frequently rap about wealth which is represented through mise-en-scene such as money, guns, and other luxury items.
This document provides an analysis of the music video for Katy Perry's song "Thinking of You" according to seven key ideas for identifying elements in music videos put forth by Andrew Goodwin. It discusses how the music video demonstrates characteristics of the pop genre through inclusion of Katy Perry's performance and use of editing techniques like fade ins and outs. It also analyzes how the video illustrates the song's lyrics through its narrative of a couple separated by war and how the cuts are timed to the music. Close-ups of Perry are used to relate her to the character and promote her artistic abilities. References are made to other works like "Dear John" and the video aims to appeal to Perry's target audience through these intertext
1. Andrew Goodwin identified 5 key aspects of music videos that audiences should look for: thought beats, narrative and performance, the star image, the relation of visuals to song, and technical aspects.
2. Goodwin recognized that there is often a relationship between the music video's visuals and the song's lyrics, either illustrating, amplifying, or contradicting them. Visuals are also commonly edited to the song's beats or changes in pace.
3. Different music genres have distinguishing styles and icons used in their music videos to represent the genre, and artists often repeat trademark actions to make their songs recognizable.
Iconography refers to the visual symbols and conventions associated with different music genres. In rock music, the conventions include loud, instrumental music and musicians with wild hair and rebellious fashion styles. Pop music iconography features clean vocals with unconventional notes, upbeat tunes with less instrumentation, and artists using revealing clothing or sexualized music videos to sell themselves. Indie music has a hybrid style, with some artists having clear vocals like pop and others being loud like rock. Indie artists appear clean cut like pop but unique like rock, and their performances have a conservative approach focused on the music rather than showmanship.
This document defines various video and audio editing terms:
- Scrubbing is moving forward or backward through audio/video using a mouse, keyboard, or other device.
- SECAM is an analog broadcast television standard used in parts of Europe and Africa, similar to PAL but at 25 fps.
- SDI is a professional digital video connection format that transfers at 270 Mbps over coaxial cable.
- A storyboard outlines material to be shot on film/video or indicates a sequence of clips to be edited.
Users Guide Installation Techni Sat Sky StarSais Abdelkrim
The document provides instructions for installing a TechniSat DVB-PC TV Stars device and the necessary drivers and software. It describes installing the PCI or USB hardware, installing the driver when prompted by the operating system, and installing the applications software from the included CD. It also provides system requirements and instructions for connecting to satellite, terrestrial, or cable services once installation is complete.
The document discusses different methods for capturing and importing video into Adobe Premiere Elements, including using the Capture Panel to import directly from tape-based camcorders like DV or HDV models, using the Video Importer to import from storage devices, or importing already saved files from your PC. It highlights necessary system requirements like IEEE 1394 ports and sufficient storage space, and provides instructions for features like capturing to the timeline, using scene detection to split clips, and importing from hard drives.
HaFree Business, Computer, Engineering and Trade Magazine Subscriptions crysatal16
The document provides instructions for integrating video, audio, and computers. It discusses getting video into older computers through ports like RCA jacks, as well as newer methods like FireWire ports. It also covers getting video out of computers and onto tape using devices like scan converters. The document provides diagrams to illustrate the various connections between computers, cameras, VCRs, mixers and other devices.
Task 3 (presentation); video editors pinnacle, windows movie maker... by ale...Mar Lor Tor
This document provides information about video editing, including definitions, goals, and different video editing software options. It defines video editing as the process of manipulating and rearranging video shots to create a new work. The goals of video editing are outlined as removing unwanted footage, choosing the best footage, creating a flow, adding effects/graphics/music, and altering the style, pace or mood. Several free and paid video editors are listed and described briefly, including their advantages and disadvantages. The document also references how to download a free video editor and find a tutorial for using one.
Video editing is the manipulation and arrangement of video shots. Video editing is used to structure and present all video information, including films and television shows, video advertisements and video essays. If you are Class Provider or looking for classes to improve your skills just login to ClassBoat.com https://www.classboat.com/film/video-editing-classes-pune
Pinnacle Studio 9 is video editing software that allows users to capture, edit, and produce videos in various formats. It includes a media converter to import video from cameras or VCRs. Users can capture digital or analog video by connecting cameras to the computer and starting capture in Studio 9. Captured video clips appear in the program and can be added to the timeline for editing. Editing tools allow adding transitions between clips and adjusting the audio. Additional features include titles, sound effects, and choosing DVD menu formats. To finish, users render their project into the desired output format like DVD or digital file.
Digital video has replaced analog video as the preferred method for delivering multimedia content. Video files can be extremely large due to factors like frame rate, image size, and color depth. Common file formats for digital video include AVI, QuickTime, and MP4. Video editing software allows for nonlinear editing with features like transitions, effects, and sound synchronization. Compression techniques help reduce large file sizes, though some quality is lost with lossy compression.
Digital video has replaced analog video as the preferred method for delivering multimedia content. Video files can be extremely large due to factors like frame rate, image size, and color depth. Common file formats for digital video include AVI, QuickTime, and MP4. Video editing software allows for nonlinear editing with features like transitions, effects, and sound synchronization. Compression techniques help reduce large file sizes, though some quality is lost with lossy compression.
This document provides an overview of the basic steps for editing digital video, including how to connect a camera or playback device to a computer, set up an editing project, import and trim video clips, add clips to a timeline, insert transitions between clips, render the video, and add graphics and titles. It compares the processes in Final Cut Express and Adobe Premiere Elements, noting they are similar but Final Cut Express is only for Mac while Premiere Elements works on both Mac and Windows.
This document provides an overview of basic video concepts, including capturing, editing, and file formats. It discusses how video is a sequence of visual images measured in frames per second. Video can be captured digitally from devices like cameras or digitized from analog sources. Common video editing software allows editing video clips using a timeline, with operations like cuts, fades, and transitions. Formats are broken into containers, like MOV or MP4, and codecs for data compression like H.264 or MPEG-2.
Anton Venema describes how Frozen Mountain is using Netflix VMAF to assess perceptual video quality in automated testing for LiveSwitch and IceLink.
Presented at CommCon 2019:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uM_ZpIS-lO
References:
https://medium.com/netflix-techblog/toward-a-practical-perceptual-video-quality-metric-653f208b9652
https://medium.com/netflix-techblog/vmaf-the-journey-continues-44b51ee9ed12
https://github.com/netflix/vmaf
https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~z70wang/research/ssim
https://peach.blender.org
https://media.xiph.org/video/derf
https://frozenmountain.com
This presentation is all about history of webams and the technology related to it. This is the best ppt in which all the upcoming technology related to webcam are thoroughlly explained.
1. This firmware update fixes several bugs and optimizes performance for Network Video Recorder devices.
2. It addresses issues such as incorrect time zone changes and changes to I-frame intervals when events occur.
3. The update also includes new features like live guard functions, improved playback and PTZ controls, and support for panoramic cameras.
This document provides instructions for configuring and using the Alt-Dvb satellite TV software. It outlines the basic setup steps, including selecting a TV card, scanning for transponders, configuring channel listings and properties. It also describes additional features like PiP display, recording, scheduling recordings, plugins, and subtitles. The instructions are provided in a step-by-step format with accompanying screenshots to illustrate each configuration screen.
Securens Systems offers live monitoring video surveillance systems in India, headquartered in Mumbai and operating across 22 states with 28 offices nationwide.
The metaverse, to become a reality, will need to overcome key tech barriers: Split computing will allow end users with light and affordable devices to access the metaverse at scale. Whereas its vast amounts of video streaming data will demand efficient video compression such as MPEG-5 LCEVC and SMPTE VC-6.
This document discusses digital video techniques for multimedia, including video digitizing, compression standards like JPEG and MPEG, file formats, editing and special effects. Digital video has replaced analog as it produces high quality output at low cost without quality degradation from conversions. Proper compression is needed to optimize file sizes for delivery mediums like CD-ROM.
This document provides an overview and operating guide for the Sony NEX-FS100E/FS100P/FS100EK/FS100PK interchangeable lens digital HD video camera recorder. It includes notes on proper use, handling, recording, playback, and troubleshooting. Safety tips are provided such as not holding the camera by certain parts, not recording the sun directly, and allowing the camera to cool if a temperature warning appears. Formatting recording media is recommended if images are not recording or playing back properly.
Similar to Editing Techniques In A Music Video (20)
Camera shots are described by their framing (extreme long shot to extreme close-up), angle (bird's-eye view to low angle), and movement (pans, tilts, dolly shots, cranes, zooms, and aerial shots). Framing ranges from shots showing a broad landscape to tight close-ups of a face. Angles can make a subject seem imposing or insignificant. Movement follows or reveals the action through techniques like panning, tracking, or aerial views. Together these techniques shape the audience's perspective and understanding.
The document discusses the process of creating a music video with consideration of codes and conventions. It aimed to tell a simple narrative storyline about a young relationship that would engage the target audience of older teenagers. Elements like costumes, locations, lighting, actors, and editing were used purposefully according to conventions of the genre and to portray the artist and storyline professionally. Sound was also an important convention, using mostly non-diegetic music but with diegetic piano playing at the beginning and end to set the scene. Overall the document emphasizes using research of conventions to thoughtfully include various technical and artistic elements into the music video.
The document discusses the process of editing a photo in Adobe Photoshop to create an album cover. Key steps included opening the photo in Photoshop, duplicating the layer and applying Gaussian blur, airbrushing the model's face, enhancing brightness and contrast, changing eye color using variations, and adding text with the album title and artist name. The finalized cover featured the edited photo with text over it in different colors to clearly display the album and artist names.
Final Cut Express is a professional video editing program that the document's author used to edit their music video. They had to import their video footage and song files into Final Cut Express to begin editing. They found an easier way to access their footage was to import the entire folder containing the files rather than individual files. Throughout the editing process, the author used various tools and effects in Final Cut Express like transitions, color adjustments, and keyframing to enhance the video and tell the story. The finished music video featured the main artist in different scenes and camera angles to make the video more diverse while reflecting the autumn season theme.
The document provides summaries of images of various musical artists including Adele, Usher, Ellie Goulding, Justin Bieber, and Beyoncé. For each artist, it describes what can be seen in their image, how they are portrayed, and notes about their typical dress sense and style.
The document discusses album covers for Adele's "21", Ne-Yo's "Year of the Gentleman", and Susan Boyle's "I Dreamed a Dream". The Adele cover features a simple black and white image showing her natural beauty. The Ne-Yo cover uses colors to create a palette and shows him in a suit. The Susan Boyle cover title represents her dream to succeed in music and features her transformed glamorous image.
The document summarizes the results of a music video questionnaire given to 20 individuals ranging from ages 15-30, including 9 males and 11 females. Key findings include that most respondents preferred music videos with a narrative storyline or dance routines. A majority also indicated they sometimes like animation and special effects. When asked about pop music videos, most expected to see a performance. Fast-paced music videos were generally preferred over slow ones. The most popular music genres were pop and R&B. Younger respondents tended to have more similar answers than older respondents or adults.
A music video summarizes in 3 sentences or less:
The music video for Lady Gaga's "Bad Romance" uses various filmmaking techniques to depict Gaga emerging from a coffin into a world of monsters and mafias. Scenes show Gaga seducing and dancing for the mafias, being auctioned off, and engaging in provocative dances. The cinematography and imagery advance the dark storyline while promoting products through endorsement deals.
The document discusses equipment being used for an A2 Media task, including a Canon camera to take photos for promotional materials, a tripod for video recording though some were unsuitable, a camcorder for filming footage despite low quality, a Mac laptop for editing using Final Cut Express and Photoshop, and a voice recorder for audio recording.
The document summarizes the design choices made for a student-created music magazine aimed at teenagers. Key points include:
1) The magazine targets teenagers aged 14-17, featuring a teenage pop star on the cover to appeal to younger readers' aspirations.
2) Research informed the target demographic and conventions used, though not every standard element was included.
3) A questionnaire determined readers preferred a female solo artist as the cover story, further focusing the magazine at teenage girls.
4) Representation of social groups and trends was considered through the cover star's pacifier accessory and inclusion of both emerging and established artists.
The document discusses editing a promotional poster image using Adobe Photoshop and InDesign. Key steps included opening the image in Photoshop, airbrushing the model's face and neck, changing the eye and jumper colors, and brightening the overall image. Once editing was complete, the image was saved and opened in InDesign to begin creating the promotional poster layout.
The document describes the process of creating and editing a music magazine in Photoshop and InDesign. Key steps include taking photos of a model for the cover, editing the photos by removing backgrounds and smoothing skin, designing the magazine layout in InDesign, and refining the design by changing fonts, colors, and positioning of elements. The goal is to make the magazine look professional and appealing to readers.
Music video institutions help produce and fund music videos for their signed artists. This document provides case studies of four major music video institutions: EMI Music, Sony Music, Universal Music Group, and Warner Music Group. It describes their record labels, featured artists, global distribution networks, and roles in discovering, marketing and promoting artists worldwide.
The document discusses images taken by a student for their school magazine. It describes 11 images, evaluating each one's suitability for different elements of the magazine like the cover, contents page, and features. The student selected varied images, including portraits of students, photographs of technology and nature, and abstract light bulb shots to create an engaging magazine.
The document discusses images taken by a student for their school magazine. It describes 11 images, evaluating each one's suitability for different elements of the magazine like the cover, contents page, and features. The student selected varied images, including portraits of students, photos taken in the photography studio and computer lab, and abstract light bulb images, to create an engaging magazine.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
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Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
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Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
2. Video editing is both an Artistic and Technical process in which a
collection of video material (footage) is compiled and altered from its
original form to create a new version.
The artistic process of video editing consists of deciding what elements
to retain, delete, or combine from various sources so that they come
together in an organized, logical, and visually pleasing manner.
The technical process of video editing consists of copying the various
elements onto a single video tape (or CD Rom, or other media) for final
viewing or distribution.
3. Linear Editing - This process is basically mechanical in nature, in that
it employs the use of Camcorders, VCR's, Edit Controllers, Titlers, and
Mixers to perform the edit functions. This editing technique is performed
in linear steps, one cut at a time (or a series of programmed cuts) to its
conclusion.
Non-Linear Editing - Gaining in popularity quickly due to advances in
technology, pricing, and product availability, this method of video
editing utilizes the computer environment to aid in the editing process.
This process is almost entirely digital and employs no mechanical
functions except for the input of the video sources and its final output to
Tape or CD. Editing in this environment is essentially is a visual Cut-
and-Paste method.
NOTE: Linear and Non-Linear video editing techniques be
combined, and often are, within the same video production and will be
discussed later.
4. Linear Editing consists of three main categories:
1. In-Camera Editing: Video shots are structured in such a way that they are shot in order and of
correct length. This process does not require any additional equipment other than the Camcorder
itself, but requires good shooting and organizational skills at the time of the shoot.
2. Assemble Editing: Video shots are not structured in a specific order during shooting but are
rearranged and unneeded shots deleted at the time of transferring (copying). This process requires
at the least, a Camcorder and VCR. the original footage remains intact, but the rearranged footage
is transfered to a new tape. Each scene or cut is "assembled" on a blank tape either one-at-a-time
or in a sequence.
There are two types of Assemble Editing:
A Roll--Editing from a single source, with the option of adding an effect, such as titles or
transitioning from a frozen image the start of the next cut or scene.
A/B Roll--Editing from a minimum of two source VCR's or Camcorders and recording to a third
VCR. This technique requires a Video Mixer and/ or Edit Controller to provide smooth transitions
between the sources. Also, the sources must be electronically "Sync'd" together so that the record
signals are stable. The use of a Time Base Corrector or Digital Frame Synchronizer is necessary for
the success of this technique.
3. Insert Editing: New material is recorded over existing footage. This technique can be used
during the original shooting process or during a later editing process. Since the inserted footage is
placed over the unwanted footage some of the original footage is erased.
5. Titles on Glass--Painting titles on glass and shooting the scene
through the glass, enabling the titles to appear on the video.
Titles on Cardboard, Paper, or other Opaque Media --Painting
titles on opaque media and recording the pages on videotape and
inserting or assembling the title between scenes, previously
shot, during the editing process.
Electronic or Computer Titling --Creating titles on a Character
Generator or Computer and either superimposing them over the video
(electronically) as in the glass process, or inserting the titles between
scenes. Examples of electronic titlers include products from Videonics -
Focus Enhancements, and Sima.
NOTE: Some Camcorders have a limited ability to generate and
superimpose titles over video during the shooting process.
6. The primary function of a Video Mixer is to enable one to perform
transitions in the A/B Roll editing process. Transitions such as
cuts, wipes, dissolves, chromakey, and other effects can only be
performed using such a device. Video Mixers are available from
Videonics, Sima, and Datavideo.
7. Edit Controllers are devices that control all the mechanical processes
in a Linear Editing configuration. Edit controllers perform their
function by communicating with Camcorders and VCRs via an Edit
Protocol and to the Titlers, Mixers, and other devices via a GPI
Trigger (a simple on/off command switch that can be programmed in
specific sequences).
Some Edit controllers edit only one event (scene) at a time. Other
Edit controllers can be programmed to perform a series of edit
functions, with some able to edit an entire production from
beginning-to-end including executing all Titles and Transitions by
triggering the appropriate equipment. However, the user must still
program each command individually at the beginning, before
executing the process itself. Once again, Videonics, and Datavideo
carry a variety of Edit Controllers.
8. Control L (LANC) -- Two way communication protocol in which the Camcorder(s) are used as the
playback deck and a Sony HI8, SVHS, or MiniDV VCR is used as the Record Deck.
Sony, Canon, Yashica, Nikon, and Ricoh camcorders use this Protocol. Also, several edit controllers also use
this protocol.
Control M (Panasonic 5-Pin) -- Two way communication protocol in which either Camcorders or VCR's
can be used as either the playback or record decks. This Protocol is exclusive to the Panasonic AG product
line.
IR Control -- One way communication protocol in which the controller communicates with either a VCR or
Camcorder via IR remote control. Most controllers of this type can only perform one edit at a time is not
normally usable in an A/B Roll edit setup.
JVC RA Edit--Two way communication protocol in which a controller communicates with either a playback
VCR or Camcorder connected to a record VCR. The controller may be built-in to the camcorder or
VCR, eliminating the need for an external controller. This protocol is exclusive only to certain models of
JVC Camcorders and VCRS, and is not compatible with other brands.
JLIP (Joint Level Interface Protocol) -- A communication protocol developed by JVC. A sort of updated
version of RA Edit, this protocol enables JVC-equipped camcorders and VCR's to be controlled using a PC
(through the Serial Port) as the Edit controller.
GPI Trigger -- One way communication protocol in which the controller tells or "triggers" a Video Mixer or
Title Generator to perform a previously programmed function such as a transition, effect, or title.
9. There are two types of Sound Editing:
Sound Mixing -- This can be done in either the original shooting process or in editing. Two
or more sound sources can be connected to a sound mixer and then inputted into a
camcorder's external mike jack (note: not all camcorders have an external mike jack).
Two or more sound sources can be connected to a sound mixer, then inputted into the record
VCR's audio input jack(s). This enables the sound to be altered or added to during the
editing process.
Audio Dubbing -- This is the technique of adding audio to footage that is already edited
together or previously shot. The audio is added to the video tape without altering the
previously recorded video and, in some cases, without altering the previously recorded
audio.
In order to do either of these processes, the VCR must have an Audio Dub function already
built-in. In addition, in order to audio dub without affecting the previously recorded
audio, the recording VCR must be a HiFi Stereo VCR with a built-in Audio Dub function.
Audio Dubbing is usually activated by placing the VCR in the Play/Pause mode, then pressing
the Audio Dub function, then letting the VCR play the video while it records the audio.
Note: Audio Dubbing on HIFI consumer VCR's only allows for a monoraul Audio Dub - useful
for narration or effects.
10. The Home Computer as Editor:
The home computer as an aid to video editing has pushed the envelope even more in the area of video creativity.
Some of these computer editing tools give results that were attainable only in production houses a few years ago.
The basic concepts and rules of the video editing process are the same, but working in a digital environment allows
the editor more creative freedom at each step in the process, such as being able to preview and correct each edit
decision without having to go to tape or disk first. The video editing process, then becomes similar to putting
together a document or graphics presentation where the user cuts and pastes the segments together adding effects
and titles. Even audio editing is available. Once the video is finished it can be "dumped" back onto video tape and
then viewed or duplicated.
Computer Non-Linear Editing is not foolproof however. You must have the right combination of Ram, Hard Drive
Space, and Operating System. Often times there are hardware and software conflicts with other elements within
the computer, which can result in crashes. Outputting the finished video back to tape can have mixed results, such
as jumpy or skipped frames.
In addition, the home PC also has the ability to perform any one of the functions of the individual components in a
traditional Linear Editing setup. In other words, if you have a PC and don't have all the requirements to perform the
entire editing process, you can still use you computer simply as an edit controller, titler, or sound mixer with the
proper software. In fact, using a computer in a hybrid Linear Editing configuration is fairly standard in many
professional and amateur editing suites.
The three basic ways to connect a video source, such as a Camcorder or VCR to a computer are:
Video Capture Board --
Probably the most common way to integrate video with a computer. Video capture boards are bundled with
software for editing and other functions and are usually inserted into a computer PCI slot. These boards are usually
equipped with S-video or Composite video inputs. Many boards also have video outputs, to allow you to copy your
finished video back out to tape, but not all of them have outputs. If you need this capacity, read the specifications
and connections statement on the box carefully before you buy. Also, make sure you check the system
requirements for the board. Make sure your computer has the recommended requirements, not just the minimum.
By adhering to this, you computer will be less likely to crash during the editing process. Internal video cards can be
obtained from companies such as ATI and Pinnacle Systems.
11. External "Black Box" -- Functioning very much like a Video Capture Board, products such as
Dazzle Digital Video Creator, and Pinnacle Systems Studio MP10 enable the user to take the
video editing process away from external devices and controllers and place the entire creative
process within the computer environment. These are basically external "black boxes" that plug
into a computer's Parallel or USB port (eliminating the need for an internal video capture board)
and allows a camcorder or VCR to be more easily connected the computer.
IEEE-1394 (Firewire) --
With the advent of Digital Camcorders, a new breed of internal video capture/editing board has
arrived on the scene that allow a home PC to be upgraded to accommodate the Digital Video
editing process by adding a new port on the computer referred to as an IEEE-1394 (Firewire/i-
link) connection. This port allows extremely fast download and upload speeds that are required
to do quality video editing within the PC environment. Once again, as with previous computer
video products, your PC must have the suggested requirements for the card to function
smoothly. Companies such as Pinnacle Systems, Datavideo, Digital Origin, Canopus, and many
others have introduced "Firewire Cards" for both PC and MAC computers.
In order to integrate the camcorder and computer more efficiently, Sony has introduced a line of
home computers that are optimized for the Non-Linear editing process. Designed to work their
line of miniDV and Digital8 camcorders, these desktops can take the digital video signal straight
in (using IEEE-1394 connection) for editing and dump the completed video digitally back out to
the Camcorder, which then can copy the completed video onto a standard VCR. Other computer
manufacturers are also address this need, such as Compaq and Apple (G4 and I-Mac).
12. Taking computer-based Non-Linear editing a step further, Casablanca by
Draco, Screenplay by Applied Magic and Datavideo, are new Non-Linear
Editing products that look like a typical VCR at first glance, but are
sophisticated computers that are solely dedicated to the video editing
process (no Windows or other program conflicts!). All components (including
inputs and outputs) needed to edit your video are built in; just open the
box, plug in a TV monitor, go through the setup, plug in your VCR or
Camcorder with your footage, and away you go.
13. This has been a brief outline of the basic principles of video editing. There are many
points to consider when setting up you editing environment. Equipment
compatability is paramount. In the professional environment there are many
options, many of which are interchangable. In the consumer realm there are less
choices of equipment as well as compatability between equipment. If you want
smooth, easy edit control (if not using a computer) use all the same brand
equipment (Sony with Sony, JVC with JVC, etc...) Some companies, such as
Videonics, Sima, and Datavideo, do make cross brand editing equipment, but check
first before you buy.
When editing in the computer environment, make sure your PC or MAC always
meets the recommended (not the minimum) requirements for the hardware and
software to be used. Indeed the Non-Linear Computer environment is the future of
Video Editing, but there are still plenty of applications for good-old-fashioned tape-
to-tape editing, especially if you are editing a long-form video project and want to
keep your expenses down. Although larger computer hard drives are getting
cheaper and more plentiful, they still might not be the best way to edit your video.
The real key to being a successful video editor is time, patience, equipment that is
easy for you understand and work with, resourcefulness, and a good imagination.
You will be surprised how much a little imagination and resourcefulness can do --
remember, Video Editing is both a Technical Process and an Art.