By Ogundiran Temidayo a student of OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE IFE. a presentation on edentulism, prevalence, causes, types, treatment, and its adverse effect in the oral cavity.

1. EDENTULISM
DEN/2012/004……….. Chairman
DEN/2012/001……….. Secretary
DEN/2012/003
DEN/2012/024
DEN/2011/015
DEN/2012/019

2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION
• EPIDEMIOLOGY
• TYPES
• ETIOLOGY
• COMPLICATIONS
• MANAGEMENT
• CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
• An adequate dentition is of importance for well-being and life quality. Despite advances
in preventive dentistry, edentulism is still a major public health problem worldwide.
• Edentulism is a debilitating and irreversible condition and is described as the “final
marker of disease burden for oral health”

5. DEFINITION
• Edentulism is a medical condition that results when one or more teeth are missing, or
need removing due to injury or disease.
• Edentulism can be defined as “the physical state of the jaw(s) following removal of
erupted teeth and the condition of the supporting structures available for reconstructive
or replacement therapies.”

6. epidemiology
• Edentulism affects approximately 158 million people globally as of 2010 (2.3% of the
population). It is more common in women at 2.7% compared to the male rate of 1.9%.
• Edentulism occurs more often in people from the lower end of the socioeconomic scale.

7. TYPES
• Edentulism is classified into two:
• Complete Edentulism
• Partial Edentulism

8. TYPES
• Complete Edentulism can be defined as “the physical state of the jaw(s) following
removal/loss of all erupted teeth and the condition of the supporting structures available
for reconstructive or replacement therapies.”
• Partial Edentulism can be defined as the loss of one or more teeth in the mouth.

9. • Complete Edentulism • Partial Edentulism
TYPES

10. ETIOLOGY
• Although tooth loss typically is associated with the elderly, edentulism also affects
children and adults if they do not practice proper oral hygiene.
• Children: Toddlers and children run the risk of two types of traumatic tooth loss:
premature loss of baby teeth and loss of permanent teeth due to injury or neglect. Dental
caries are a major cause of tooth loss in children and teens.
• Adults: Gum disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) and dental caries are the leading
causes of tooth loss among adults. Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection
affecting the gums and bone supporting the teeth. As the disease destroys gum tissue
and bone, teeth loosen and may require extraction. Smoking, heart disease and diabetes
also are associated with tooth loss.
• Elderly: Plaque accumulation and hardening, gum recession, older fillings and dry mouth
put the elderly at greater risk for losing their natural teeth.

11. OTHER CAUSES
• Bad habits: Smoking, chewing tobacco and/or drug use can damage teeth to the
point of tooth loss.
• Trauma: Babies and young children are most susceptible to losing teeth
prematurely due to trauma, because their tooth roots and gums are still developing.
• Systemic conditions: Systemic conditions such as heart disease, respiratory
disease, diabetes, HIV infection, malnutrition and immunosuppression are all
associated with forms of periodontitis that often result in tooth loss.
• Finances
• Fear and embarrassment
• Poor oral hygiene habits
• Poor diets

12. COMPLICATIONS
• Mastication: For those who are even partially edentulous, it may become extremely
difficult to chew food efficiently enough to swallow comfortably. When an individual
loses enough posterior teeth to make it difficult to chew, he or she may need to cut their
food into very small pieces and learn how to make use of their anterior teeth to chew. If
enough posterior teeth are missing.
• Impaired speech: Edentulism affects speech; a lot of sounds and words we utter,
depend on our front teeth. Using dentures too affects speech, especially if the dentures
are ill-fitting. The individual usually tenses the facial muscles to hold the dentures in
place, or constantly uses the tongue to rearrange it; resulting in slurred speech and
clicking noises.

13. COMPLICATIONS
• Low self-esteem: Edentulism prevents people from feeling confident about their
appearance. Many adults hesitate to venture into the public without teeth. Due to their
missing teeth, they feel embarrassed to smile and lack the confidence to meet people
or talk to them.
• Increased health risk: Edentulous individuals are at an increased risk for
cardiovascular disease.
• Changed appearance: Edentulous individuals have to deal with altered appearance,
as loss of teeth changes their facial structure—sunken cheeks, unsupported lips,
collapsed jawline, which makes the chin and nose appear closer. There is a huge
change in a person’s looks because the teeth, which support the facial muscles are no
longer present.
• Facial ageing: Total tooth loss accelerates facial ageing—the bone reduces in height
and thickness, jawbone begins to shrink making the face look older.

14. MANAGEMENT
• Patients and their dentists should develop a treatment plan that emphasizes prevention
and early detection of oral diseases in order to keep the remaining teeth especially in
cases of partial edentulism. Prevention and detection strategies include patient
education about edentulism causes, consequences and treatments, and following
preventive oral health practices as well as preventative and therapeutic treatment.

15. • Dental implants are artificial tooth roots
surgically attached to the jaw to secure a
replacement tooth, bridge or denture.
Permanent and stable, implant-supported
restorations look, feel and function like natural
teeth. Dental implants also can be used with a
denture for better stabilization. Some implants
take two to six months for the bone and implant
to bond together (osseointegrate). During this
time, a removable temporary tooth replacement
can be worn over the implant site. Research
also has advanced to where an implant can be
placed immediately following tooth extraction in
certain cases.
MANAGEMENT

16. • Dentures are removable replacements for
missing teeth and adjoining tissues. Partial
dentures fill in the spaces created by
missing teeth, keep remaining teeth from
shifting and are an option if you have some
natural teeth remaining. If you have lost
most or all of your teeth, complete or full
dentures are recommended. "Immediate"
dentures are inserted immediately after
removal of the natural teeth; "conventional"
dentures are placed in the mouth about
three to six months after tooth removal
MANAGEMENT

17. • A Dental bridge is a false tooth that is
fused between two porcelain crowns to
fill in or bridge the space left by a
missing tooth. The two crowns holding
the dental bridge in place are
cemented to your teeth on each side
of the space; the bridge is secured into
place and is irremovable. Some
bridges also may contain two or more
false teeth between the crown
components, depending on the case
MANAGEMENT

18. CONCLUSION
• Though edentulism can be effectively managed, it is advisable to carry out necessary
preventive measures to avoid its development. It should also be noted that edentulism
is inevitable in certain individuals as it is one of the natural phenomena associated with
aging.

19. THANK YOU