Incidence of ectopic pregnancy is rising while maternal mortality from it is falling.
ALWAYS suspect ectopic pregnancy in a woman of a child-bearing age c/o pain and/or p.v. bleeding
Incidence of ectopic pregnancy is rising while maternal mortality from it is falling.
ALWAYS suspect ectopic pregnancy in a woman of a child-bearing age c/o pain and/or p.v. bleeding
India is the highest TB burden country accounting for more than one-fourth of the global incidence .Genital TB is found in 5-10% of women with infertility problems, with low rates in Australia (1%) and high rates of up to 19% in India (ICMR,2011)
Explains the inflammatory process of endometrium,its causes and its two clinical variants as acute and chronic endometritis.
Describes the pathology of its two types with histologic perspective.
In ectopic pregnancy, implantation occupies at a site other than the endometrium. Ectopic pregnancies are responsible for approximately 10 percent of all maternal mortality. The prognosis for future reproduction is poor. Only one half of women having an ectopic pregnancy are eventually delivered of a liveborn infant. Various factors contribute to ectopic pregnancies, the most common being infection. Unlike intrauterine spontaneous abortions, genetic factors are not paramount in the etiology of ectopic pregnancy.
India is the highest TB burden country accounting for more than one-fourth of the global incidence .Genital TB is found in 5-10% of women with infertility problems, with low rates in Australia (1%) and high rates of up to 19% in India (ICMR,2011)
Explains the inflammatory process of endometrium,its causes and its two clinical variants as acute and chronic endometritis.
Describes the pathology of its two types with histologic perspective.
In ectopic pregnancy, implantation occupies at a site other than the endometrium. Ectopic pregnancies are responsible for approximately 10 percent of all maternal mortality. The prognosis for future reproduction is poor. Only one half of women having an ectopic pregnancy are eventually delivered of a liveborn infant. Various factors contribute to ectopic pregnancies, the most common being infection. Unlike intrauterine spontaneous abortions, genetic factors are not paramount in the etiology of ectopic pregnancy.
Ectopic Pregnancy - Obstetrical & Gynaecological NursingJaice Mary Joy
In ectopic pregnancy, implantation occupies at a site other than the endometrium. Ectopic pregnancies are responsible for approximately 10 percent of all maternal mortality. The prognosis for future reproduction is poor. Only one half of women having an ectopic pregnancy are eventually delivered of a liveborn infant. Various factors contribute to ectopic pregnancies, the most common being infection. Unlike intrauterine spontaneous abortions, genetic factors are not paramount in the etiology of ectopic pregnancy.
This slide presents some Gynecologic diseases and disorders in females and their proper management. It is a third-year course for those wishing to major PA or Nursing.
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a potentially life-threatening complication that occurs after childbirth. It is defined as excessive bleeding, either visible or concealed, that occurs within 24 hours of delivery and results in a decrease in hemoglobin concentration or requires transfusion of blood products.
There are several causes of PPH, including uterine atony (failure of the uterus to contract properly), trauma to the birth canal, retained placenta, and coagulation disorders. Risk factors for PPH include previous PPH, multiple gestation, prolonged labor, large fetal size, and placenta previa.
Symptoms of PPH can include heavy or continuous bleeding, a decrease in blood pressure, an increase in heart rate, and signs of shock. If PPH is suspected, immediate medical attention is required. Treatment may include medication to stimulate uterine contractions, manual removal of any retained placental tissue, or surgery.
Prevention of PPH can be achieved through proper management of labor and delivery, including active management of the third stage of labor (delivery of the placenta) and early recognition of risk factors. Close monitoring of the patient's vital signs, blood loss, and hemoglobin levels is also essential.
PPH is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication, but with appropriate management and early intervention, the risk of morbidity and mortality can be minimized.
The two terms refer to similar concepts, the main difference being when temperature changes; volumes
will change, but mass remains the same. Under most physiological conditions temperature is fairly
constant and the two are very similar however, osmolality is the preferred term
What Do You Get in Dementia? (Clinical features)Kavya Liyanage
Dementia is a condition where your memory, intellect, personality get impaired, without impairment of consciousness. forgetting recent things is the most common feature of dementia, which may progress eventually into forgetting long term memory as well. In this presentation, clinical features of dementia is explored.
Polio mainly affects children
Polio is eradicated 99% globally
South Asian region declared to be polio-free since 2014
Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria could never stop polio transmission
Unlike most diseases, polio can be eradicated with vaccination
Vaccines are cheap and effective
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, which is more common in elderly obese women. This has different aetiologies, but the ultimate biological, morphological and clinical outcomes are the same. This affects not only the articular cartilage, but also the entire joint. Articular cartilage degenerates eventually. This condition can be managed with physical, medical and surgical strategies.
Health Related Issues among the Children in an Orphanage and Suggestions to I...Kavya Liyanage
Health Related Issues among the Children in an Orphanage and Suggestions to Improve
Physical Health Issues
Psychological Issues
Nutritional Issues
Environmental Issues
Social Issues
Inhalation of fungal spores
Found in pigeon droppings, soil
Cryptococcus neoformans
Negatively stained
Budding yeast cells
With a large translucent zone around the yeast
Adenovirus belongs to the family Adenoviridae
This is a double stranded DNA virus
Does not possess an envelope
Adenovirus is icosahedral in shape
Thus not easily destroyed
It’s name is given as this virus is first isolated from the add noise
But this virus can affect several systems and cause several illnesses
Adenovirus affects respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, genitourinary system and the eye
So this virus has many serotypes
Coagulase positive
Staphylococcus aureus
Human pathogen
Coagulase negative
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Normal flora, disease under special circumstances
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
UTI in young females
Aerobic
Facultative anaerobic
Catalase positive
Non motile
Non sporulating
Pigment – white, golden yellow
Intestinal nematode
Most common childhood helminth infection in the developed world
Humans are the only host
No multiplication inside the body
Natural habitat – caecum, appendix and adjacent ascending colon
No soil development phase
No commercially available malaria vaccine at the present time.
RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine candidate against malaria.
Commonest infectious disease in the tropics
200 millions per year affected with malaria
3 millions per year die due to malaria
Secretions produced by the glands of vaginal wall and cervix that drain from the vaginal opening.
Vaginal discharge is a common presentation of women to the STI clinic
Can be physiological or pathological
Related with some common STIs
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
7. Risk factors
for
ectopic
pregnancy
Tubal disease
Eg- Chlamydia infection that cause pelvic infection
accounts for 40% of ectopic pregnancies
Previous ectopic pregnancies
Previous tubal surgery
Subfertility
Use of intrauterine device
8. What is the clinical
presentation?
• Subacute abdominal pain
• Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy
9. Abdominal
pain
The pain maybe localized to the iliac fossa
Sometimes the pain presents as a tip of the
shoulder pain, due to the free blood in
abdominal cavity causing diaphragmatic
irritation and symptoms of dizziness
15. HCG level
In 85% pregnancies, hCG level almost double in every
48 hours.
In ectopic pregnancies, the level is suboptimal.
16. Transvaginal
ultrasound
scan
(TVS)
An intrauterine pregnancy is detected byTVS at 4.5 weeks of
gestation
At that time hCG level is about 1500 mIU/mL.
At 5th week of gestation, fetal heart beat is detected inTVS.
There, the hCG level is about 3000 mIU/mL.
A discrepancy between hCG level andTVS may suggest ectopic
pregnancy.
Free fluid detected inTVS suggests of a ruptured ectopic
pregnancy.
19. Expectant
approach
Suitable for haemodynamically stable and asymptomatic patients
Assuming that significant proportion of all tubal pregnancies will
resolve with regression or tubal abortion without treatment
21. Methotrexat
e treatment
Indications
Cornual pregnancy
Persistent trophoblastic
disease
Patient with one
fallopian tube and
fertility desired
When trophoblastic cells
adherent to bowel or
blood vessel
Contraindications
Chronic liver, renal or
haematological disorder
Active infection
Immunodeficincy
Breast feeding
25. During
surgery
Salpingectomy
Removal of fallopian tube
Treatment of choice when one normal tube
is remaining
Salpingotomy
Fallopian tube opened at the site of ectopic
pregnancy and trophoblastic cells extracted
Associated with higher rate of subsequent
ectopic pregnancy
