ECTOPARASITES.pptx
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Ectoparasites include lice, flies, fleas, scabies mites, and ticks that live outside the human body. There are three main types of lice - head lice, body lice, and crab lice - that feed on human blood and are transmitted through close personal contact or sharing personal items. Flies can spread disease as they pick up pathogens while crawling and feeding on human food and waste, then transfering germs wherever they land. Scabies is caused by a burrowing mite transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Ticks go through life stages of egg, larva, nymph, and adult, with females laying thousands of eggs after feeding and the cycle
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This is a presentation explaining different types of ecto parasites, explaining different type of parasitism and examples of parasitism.
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Typhus is caused by Rickettsia bacteria, which are intracellular parasites transmitted through arthropod bites like lice and ticks. Rickettsia infect endothelial cells and cause vasculitis. Symptoms include fever, headache, rash and can lead to organ damage. Diagnosis involves identifying the bacteria through PCR on skin biopsies or blood or detecting antibodies. Treatment is with doxycycline or chloramphenicol antibiotics. Prevention involves vector control and vaccines, though available vaccines are not very effective.
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Just as we, humans have some people in our lives who are rabble-rousers, similarly fleas and ticks are the biggest trouble makers in your pet’s life. Though we might not get answers at handy to know how to deal with those people, but at least it’s easier to have answers related to fleas and ticks in your pet’s life.
Zoonoses
Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. The World Health Organization estimates that 61% of human diseases are zoonotic in origin, and 75% of new diseases discovered in the last decade were also zoonotic. Zoonoses can be transmitted via direct contact with animals, their byproducts like feces, scratches or bites, contaminated milk or soil, or consumption of contaminated meat. Common zoonotic diseases mentioned include campylobacteriosis, encephalitis, rabies, toxoplasmosis, psittacosis, and salmonellosis; these have various animal carriers and symptoms in humans like diarrhea, fever, and pneumonia. Prevention involves avoiding contact with diseased animals,
Botfly
Botflies lay their eggs on other insects that come into contact with hosts. The eggs hatch and the larvae burrow into the host's skin, causing painful bumps. They breathe through spiracles and feed on tissue exudates. After several weeks, the larvae exit the host and pupate in the soil. The human bot fly Dermatobia hominis causes a common type of myiasis in parts of Central and South America by infecting humans and other mammals.
Biol 11 Lesson 5 Feb 15 - Ch. 26 Parasitic Worm Profiles
Biology 11
Animal Biology unit - Invertebrates
Miller, K.R. & Levine, J. (2000). Biology (5th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Ch. 26: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Unsegmented Worms
pp. 575-578.
Tapeworms
The document provides information on several types of tapeworms:
- Tapeworms can grow up to 16 feet long and live in the internal organs of their hosts, eating whatever the host eats. They are transmitted when people consume undercooked meat containing tapeworm cysts.
- Taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm, infects both cattle and humans. Humans are infected by eating undercooked beef containing larvae. It can grow over 12 meters and have over 2000 segments.
- Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm, infects both pigs and humans. Humans are infected by eating undercooked pork containing larvae. It causes cysticercosis if the eggs infect tissues
Medical entamology
This document discusses various arthropods (insects and other jointed-legged invertebrates) that can transmit diseases to humans. It covers the classification of arthropods and describes important disease-carrying types such as mosquitoes, flies, lice, fleas, ticks, mites, bed bugs, and cyclops. For each one, it discusses their life cycle, the diseases they transmit, and methods for control and prevention of their spreading illnesses to humans. Rodents are also mentioned as carriers of diseases through bites and contamination of food and water sources.
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This document discusses medical entomology and focuses on mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit. It defines medical entomology as the science dealing with medically important arthropods. Mosquitoes are described as vectors for malaria, filariasis, and many arboviruses. The document outlines mosquito species, life cycles, methods for control including larvicide and adulticide, and how to prevent mosquito bites.
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- 1. ECTOPARASITES Ectoparasites are the parasites that live outside the body LICE Three species of lice • The head louse, pediculus (humanus) capitis • The body louse, pediculus (humanus) corporis • The crab louse, phthirus pubis, or public louse • The eggs of the head and the pubic louse called nits are attached to the hair of the host and hatch there
- 2. Cont… Lice are transmitted from one host to another through close personal contact. They feed on human blood and can infest the human head, body and pubic are. The female louse produces a sticky substances that firmly attaches each egg to the base of a hair shaft. You can get lice by coming in contact with either lice or their eggs. E.g sharing combs, brushes, towels hats and other personal items.
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