Ectoparasites include lice, flies, fleas, scabies mites, and ticks that live outside the human body. There are three main types of lice - head lice, body lice, and crab lice - that feed on human blood and are transmitted through close personal contact or sharing personal items. Flies can spread disease as they pick up pathogens while crawling and feeding on human food and waste, then transfering germs wherever they land. Scabies is caused by a burrowing mite transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Ticks go through life stages of egg, larva, nymph, and adult, with females laying thousands of eggs after feeding and the cycle

1. ECTOPARASITES
Ectoparasites are the parasites that live outside
the body
LICE
Three species of lice
• The head louse, pediculus (humanus) capitis
• The body louse, pediculus (humanus) corporis
• The crab louse, phthirus pubis, or public louse
• The eggs of the head and the pubic louse called
nits are attached to the hair of the host and
hatch there

2. Cont…
Lice are transmitted from one host to another through
close personal contact.
They feed on human blood and can infest the human
head, body and pubic are.
The female louse produces a sticky substances that
firmly attaches each egg to the base of a hair shaft.
You can get lice by coming in contact with either lice or
their eggs. E.g sharing combs, brushes, towels hats and
other personal items.

3. FLIES
they can spread disease because they feed firmly on
human food and filt. The fly picks up disease
causing organisms while crawling and feeding.
With their diet of faeces , trash, rotting produce
and spoiled meats, house flies constantly pick up
pathogens. The insects then carry these germs and
leave them behind wherever they land. The transfer
process only takes a matter of seconds.
 Fleas transmit diseases while taking a blood meal
from a human or animal host or via contaminated
fecal pellets

4. scabies
Scabies- a contagious, intensely itchy skin condition
caused by a tiny, burrowing mite
It is transmitted through skin-skin contact
(handshakes or hugs)
Prevention
Avoid close, intimate contact with anyone
Avoid touching or sharing clothes with people
infected until they finish treatment.

5. Ticks
Life cycle of a tick; most ticks go through four
stages. Egg, six legged larva, eight legged hymph
and adult.
Female adult tick feed on its host. Such s a dog/cat
The engorged females die after laying several
thousand eggs
The eggs hatch into the six legged larvae and attach
to a host
The engorged larvae detach from host and molts
into nymph
Nymphs attach to and feed of the larger host
Engorged nymphs detach from host and molt into
adults

6. Signs and symptoms
 Fever
 Chills
 Body ache and pain similar to the flue
 Fatigue
 Rash
 headache

7. How ticks are transmitted
Coming in contact with ticks
How they transmit disease
Anaplasmosis(disease caused by bacterium
anaplasma phagocytophilum) is transmitted to
human by tick bites.
Prevention
Use chemical repellents
Wear light coloured protective clothing
Tuck pant legs into socks
Avoid tick-infested area