Postharvest Management of Cut Flower by Dr. L. Jeebit SinghJeebit Singh
A short presentation on basic postharvest management practices/techniques to be followed for preservation of flower. Brief postharvest practices of some important cut flower are also included.
This document summarizes morphological characteristics, breeding methods, production techniques, and pests/diseases of chrysanthemum. It describes chrysanthemum's scientific name and family, its native range, and importance as a commercial flower crop. It then discusses the plant's morphological features and classification into standard and spray types used for exhibitions and gardens. The document outlines chrysanthemum's chromosome number and evolution from interspecific crosses. It also summarizes common breeding methods, climate needs, propagation, planting practices, and management of pests and diseases for chrysanthemum production.
This document provides an overview of the floriculture industry in India. It discusses the history of floriculture in various parts of the world and in India. It defines floriculture as the growing of cut flowers, potted plants, and bedding plants. The document outlines the scope and importance of the floriculture industry in India, presenting statistics on its growth, production levels by state, and export value. It also discusses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges facing the industry in India.
Gaillardia(common name blanket flower) is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after Maître Gaillard de Charentonneau, an 18th-century French magistrate who was an enthusiastic botanist. The common name may refer to the resemblance of the inflorescence to the brightly patterned blankets made by Native Americans, or to the ability of wild taxa to blanket the ground with colonies.Many cultivars have been bred for ornamental use.
Crossandra is a flowering plant native to tropical regions. There are approximately 40-50 species of Crossandra, but the most commercially important is C. undulaefolia. It is a short branching shrub with bright orange, salmon, or scarlet flowers. Crossandra is commonly cultivated in Southern India, especially in the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It requires fertile soil and a temperature of 30-35 degrees Celsius to grow. Propagation is done through seeds for tetraploid varieties and stem cuttings for triploid varieties. Crossandra is an important crop for the garland industry due to its long-lasting flowers.
Dutch rose - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Postharvest Management of Cut Flower by Dr. L. Jeebit SinghJeebit Singh
A short presentation on basic postharvest management practices/techniques to be followed for preservation of flower. Brief postharvest practices of some important cut flower are also included.
This document summarizes morphological characteristics, breeding methods, production techniques, and pests/diseases of chrysanthemum. It describes chrysanthemum's scientific name and family, its native range, and importance as a commercial flower crop. It then discusses the plant's morphological features and classification into standard and spray types used for exhibitions and gardens. The document outlines chrysanthemum's chromosome number and evolution from interspecific crosses. It also summarizes common breeding methods, climate needs, propagation, planting practices, and management of pests and diseases for chrysanthemum production.
This document provides an overview of the floriculture industry in India. It discusses the history of floriculture in various parts of the world and in India. It defines floriculture as the growing of cut flowers, potted plants, and bedding plants. The document outlines the scope and importance of the floriculture industry in India, presenting statistics on its growth, production levels by state, and export value. It also discusses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges facing the industry in India.
Gaillardia(common name blanket flower) is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after Maître Gaillard de Charentonneau, an 18th-century French magistrate who was an enthusiastic botanist. The common name may refer to the resemblance of the inflorescence to the brightly patterned blankets made by Native Americans, or to the ability of wild taxa to blanket the ground with colonies.Many cultivars have been bred for ornamental use.
Crossandra is a flowering plant native to tropical regions. There are approximately 40-50 species of Crossandra, but the most commercially important is C. undulaefolia. It is a short branching shrub with bright orange, salmon, or scarlet flowers. Crossandra is commonly cultivated in Southern India, especially in the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It requires fertile soil and a temperature of 30-35 degrees Celsius to grow. Propagation is done through seeds for tetraploid varieties and stem cuttings for triploid varieties. Crossandra is an important crop for the garland industry due to its long-lasting flowers.
Dutch rose - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Harvesting Indices and Harvesting Techniques of Cut FlowersKarthekaThirumugam1
Harvesting indices and harvesting techniques of cut flowers are dealt in this presentation. Commercial major greenhouse cut flowers, open- field cut flowers, specialty cut flowers and minor cut flowers are discussed with appropriate pictures.
This document provides an introduction to floriculture, which is the cultivation and marketing of ornamental plants. It discusses the subdivisions of floriculture including commercial floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape gardening. Floriculture includes the production of cut flowers, loose flowers, cut greens, potted plants, and products for the perfume, pigment, and dry flower industries. The largest flower producer is the Netherlands, while India has potential to expand its small share of the global floriculture trade and areas of production include Tamil Nadu which is a leading producer of jasmine and other loose flowers.
Floriculture is the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens, floristry, and the floral industry. It is an important commercial industry in India, with over 232,000 hectares under cultivation in 2012-2013 producing over 1.7 million tons of loose flowers and 76.73 million tons of cut flowers. Major floriculture crops in India include roses, tuberose, gladiolus, chrysanthemum, and jasmine. The country exports over 22,000 tons of floricultural products annually, mainly to the United States, Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom, and United Arab Emirates. Floriculture has become a major commercial crop in several Indian states like West Bengal, Karnataka
Tuberose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
This document provides information on the production technology of parsley. It discusses the botanical details, varieties, soil and climate needs, cultivation practices like planting, fertilizer requirements, pests and diseases, harvesting, processing, and breeding of parsley. The key points are that parsley is a biennial herb grown for its leaves and seeds. It prefers rich, moist soil and cool weather. Common varieties include curled leaf types and root types. Leaves are usually harvested around 65 days after transplanting while seeds are harvested around 185 days. Parsley is used both fresh and dried as a spice and garnish.
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
This document discusses how floriculture can help double Indian farmers' incomes. It notes that most Indian farmers have small land holdings. Floriculture is presented as an option for agricultural diversification that can enhance income through improved productivity, market linkages, and diversifying away from low-yielding food crops. Specific flower crops discussed include roses, gladiolus, chrysanthemums, tuberoses, and marigolds. Data on costs and returns show that net returns from floriculture are significantly higher than traditional crops. The document also outlines various modules for floriculture production and value addition that can further boost farmers' incomes.
post harvest management of cut flower , cut flower ,harvest management of fl...Arvind Yadav
This document discusses post-harvest management of cut flowers. It begins by introducing cut flowers as high-value but highly perishable crops. It then discusses how cut flowers deteriorate after harvesting due to respiration and factors like temperature, food supply, and ethylene accumulation. Proper temperature management and adequate food supply can help minimize deterioration by reducing respiration rate. The document emphasizes that cool chain management is essential to maintain flower quality after harvesting. It lists factors affecting post-harvest life and discusses best harvest times, pre-cooling, pulsing, and floral packaging techniques.
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Tulips are ornamental bulbous flowers that are well-suited for cultivation in the temperate regions of India, such as Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. Tulip cultivation requires providing the bulbs with a chilling period, planting them in well-drained soil at the appropriate spacing and depth, and maintaining optimum temperature, light, and moisture conditions for growth. Common pests that affect tulips include thrips and aphids, while diseases such as bulb rot and fusarium infection must also be controlled. Tulips are harvested when the flowers are 25-50% colored.
ihsanullah shareefi
Master Degree in the field of (plant pathology) at University of
Agriculture
I am glad to share that I have completed my msc(hons)plant pathology with research focussed on public sector reforms, policy and performance management systems from…
This document summarizes the floral biology of tomatoes. It begins with the botanical name (Solanum lycopersicum) and family (Solanaceae). It then describes the plant's roots, stem, leaves, inflorescence, flower morphology including calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. It discusses anthesis, self-pollination, cross-pollination techniques including emasculation, pollen collection, and artificial pollination. It also covers fertilization, fruit set, seed structure and composition, economic importance as a major global crop and model plant for research.
1) The document discusses the production technology of gladiolus, an important commercial cut flower.
2) Gladiolus is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its tall flower spikes and colorful blooms, native to South Africa.
3) It provides information on varieties, propagation, planting, manures and fertilizers, pest and disease management, soil and climate requirements, and harvesting of gladiolus.
This document provides information about roses, including their botanical classification, major importers and exporters, uses, cultivation practices, and more. It discusses that roses belong to the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. Germany is the largest importer of roses, while the top exporter is the Netherlands. The document describes different types of roses and their classifications. It also outlines soil, climate, propagation, planting, pruning, and other cultivation practices required for successful rose production.
This document provides information on Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii), including its morphology, cultivation practices, varieties, and classification. It states that Gerbera is an important commercial flower crop grown worldwide for its long-lasting cut flowers. The document outlines recommendations for soil preparation, greenhouse construction, irrigation, fertilization, and other cultivation techniques for optimal growth and flowering of Gerbera plants. It also lists several Indian varieties developed by organizations like ICAR-IIHR and CSIR-IHBT.
This document provides information on the advance production technology of walnuts. It discusses the botanical details, nutritional value, varieties, propagation, climate requirements, soil type, training, pruning, flowering, bearing, and pest and disease management of walnuts. The key points covered are that walnuts are best propagated through grafting or budding, require well-drained soil and a moderate climate, and mature grafted plants will bear nuts within 4-5 years whereas seedlings take 10-15 years to fruit. Management practices such as irrigation, fertilization, pruning and pest control are important to maximize yield and quality of the walnut crop.
The document summarizes the morphology of pomegranate flowers. Pomegranate flowers can be solitary, paired, or clustered on branches. They are odorless but colorful, ranging from 5-9cm in length. There are three types of pomegranate flowers: hermaphrodite flowers which are fertile and self-pollinating; male flowers which are infertile and drop without fruit set; and intermediate flowers which have variable fertility. The percentage of hermaphrodite flowers impacts fruit yield potential, with Indian cultivars ranging from 53-80% hermaphrodite flowers. Pomegranate flower drop can occur due to pollination, pests, disease, environmental stresses like
Crossandra is an important commercial
flower, mainly grown in India, tropical Africa
and Madagascar. The flowers are commonly
used for hair adornment. Though not fragrant,
flowers are very popular because of its
attractive bright colour, light weight and good
keeping quality. These are used for making
garland, either alone or in combination with jasmine flowers. Using Crossandra flowers in
combination with jasmine is becoming increasingly popular in India, particularly in southern
parts, because the jasmine flowers provide colour contrast and the desired fragrance.
Floriculture my love with Flower and ornamental pics By Allah Dad Khan Agricu...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document lists 201 different types of flowers and plants. It also discusses some problems faced by floriculture producers in Pakistan, including difficulties obtaining quality plants, inadequate water and facilities for harvesting, storage and packaging. Opportunities for the industry include developing exports of high quality flowers, supporting industry expansion, and identifying new market niches. Challenges include oversupply of some flowers, coordinating marketing, and ensuring availability of skilled labor.
I love flowers A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor Agricul...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document lists 201 different types of flowers and plants. It also discusses some problems faced by floriculture producers in Pakistan, including difficulties obtaining quality plants, inadequate water and facilities for harvesting, processing and storage, and lack of infrastructure and market information. Opportunities for the industry include developing exports, supporting industry expansion, and identifying new market niches. Challenges include oversupply of some flowers, needing coordination to maintain export markets, and ensuring availability of skilled labor.
Harvesting Indices and Harvesting Techniques of Cut FlowersKarthekaThirumugam1
Harvesting indices and harvesting techniques of cut flowers are dealt in this presentation. Commercial major greenhouse cut flowers, open- field cut flowers, specialty cut flowers and minor cut flowers are discussed with appropriate pictures.
This document provides an introduction to floriculture, which is the cultivation and marketing of ornamental plants. It discusses the subdivisions of floriculture including commercial floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape gardening. Floriculture includes the production of cut flowers, loose flowers, cut greens, potted plants, and products for the perfume, pigment, and dry flower industries. The largest flower producer is the Netherlands, while India has potential to expand its small share of the global floriculture trade and areas of production include Tamil Nadu which is a leading producer of jasmine and other loose flowers.
Floriculture is the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens, floristry, and the floral industry. It is an important commercial industry in India, with over 232,000 hectares under cultivation in 2012-2013 producing over 1.7 million tons of loose flowers and 76.73 million tons of cut flowers. Major floriculture crops in India include roses, tuberose, gladiolus, chrysanthemum, and jasmine. The country exports over 22,000 tons of floricultural products annually, mainly to the United States, Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom, and United Arab Emirates. Floriculture has become a major commercial crop in several Indian states like West Bengal, Karnataka
Tuberose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
This document provides information on the production technology of parsley. It discusses the botanical details, varieties, soil and climate needs, cultivation practices like planting, fertilizer requirements, pests and diseases, harvesting, processing, and breeding of parsley. The key points are that parsley is a biennial herb grown for its leaves and seeds. It prefers rich, moist soil and cool weather. Common varieties include curled leaf types and root types. Leaves are usually harvested around 65 days after transplanting while seeds are harvested around 185 days. Parsley is used both fresh and dried as a spice and garnish.
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
This document discusses how floriculture can help double Indian farmers' incomes. It notes that most Indian farmers have small land holdings. Floriculture is presented as an option for agricultural diversification that can enhance income through improved productivity, market linkages, and diversifying away from low-yielding food crops. Specific flower crops discussed include roses, gladiolus, chrysanthemums, tuberoses, and marigolds. Data on costs and returns show that net returns from floriculture are significantly higher than traditional crops. The document also outlines various modules for floriculture production and value addition that can further boost farmers' incomes.
post harvest management of cut flower , cut flower ,harvest management of fl...Arvind Yadav
This document discusses post-harvest management of cut flowers. It begins by introducing cut flowers as high-value but highly perishable crops. It then discusses how cut flowers deteriorate after harvesting due to respiration and factors like temperature, food supply, and ethylene accumulation. Proper temperature management and adequate food supply can help minimize deterioration by reducing respiration rate. The document emphasizes that cool chain management is essential to maintain flower quality after harvesting. It lists factors affecting post-harvest life and discusses best harvest times, pre-cooling, pulsing, and floral packaging techniques.
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Tulips are ornamental bulbous flowers that are well-suited for cultivation in the temperate regions of India, such as Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. Tulip cultivation requires providing the bulbs with a chilling period, planting them in well-drained soil at the appropriate spacing and depth, and maintaining optimum temperature, light, and moisture conditions for growth. Common pests that affect tulips include thrips and aphids, while diseases such as bulb rot and fusarium infection must also be controlled. Tulips are harvested when the flowers are 25-50% colored.
ihsanullah shareefi
Master Degree in the field of (plant pathology) at University of
Agriculture
I am glad to share that I have completed my msc(hons)plant pathology with research focussed on public sector reforms, policy and performance management systems from…
This document summarizes the floral biology of tomatoes. It begins with the botanical name (Solanum lycopersicum) and family (Solanaceae). It then describes the plant's roots, stem, leaves, inflorescence, flower morphology including calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. It discusses anthesis, self-pollination, cross-pollination techniques including emasculation, pollen collection, and artificial pollination. It also covers fertilization, fruit set, seed structure and composition, economic importance as a major global crop and model plant for research.
1) The document discusses the production technology of gladiolus, an important commercial cut flower.
2) Gladiolus is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its tall flower spikes and colorful blooms, native to South Africa.
3) It provides information on varieties, propagation, planting, manures and fertilizers, pest and disease management, soil and climate requirements, and harvesting of gladiolus.
This document provides information about roses, including their botanical classification, major importers and exporters, uses, cultivation practices, and more. It discusses that roses belong to the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. Germany is the largest importer of roses, while the top exporter is the Netherlands. The document describes different types of roses and their classifications. It also outlines soil, climate, propagation, planting, pruning, and other cultivation practices required for successful rose production.
This document provides information on Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii), including its morphology, cultivation practices, varieties, and classification. It states that Gerbera is an important commercial flower crop grown worldwide for its long-lasting cut flowers. The document outlines recommendations for soil preparation, greenhouse construction, irrigation, fertilization, and other cultivation techniques for optimal growth and flowering of Gerbera plants. It also lists several Indian varieties developed by organizations like ICAR-IIHR and CSIR-IHBT.
This document provides information on the advance production technology of walnuts. It discusses the botanical details, nutritional value, varieties, propagation, climate requirements, soil type, training, pruning, flowering, bearing, and pest and disease management of walnuts. The key points covered are that walnuts are best propagated through grafting or budding, require well-drained soil and a moderate climate, and mature grafted plants will bear nuts within 4-5 years whereas seedlings take 10-15 years to fruit. Management practices such as irrigation, fertilization, pruning and pest control are important to maximize yield and quality of the walnut crop.
The document summarizes the morphology of pomegranate flowers. Pomegranate flowers can be solitary, paired, or clustered on branches. They are odorless but colorful, ranging from 5-9cm in length. There are three types of pomegranate flowers: hermaphrodite flowers which are fertile and self-pollinating; male flowers which are infertile and drop without fruit set; and intermediate flowers which have variable fertility. The percentage of hermaphrodite flowers impacts fruit yield potential, with Indian cultivars ranging from 53-80% hermaphrodite flowers. Pomegranate flower drop can occur due to pollination, pests, disease, environmental stresses like
Crossandra is an important commercial
flower, mainly grown in India, tropical Africa
and Madagascar. The flowers are commonly
used for hair adornment. Though not fragrant,
flowers are very popular because of its
attractive bright colour, light weight and good
keeping quality. These are used for making
garland, either alone or in combination with jasmine flowers. Using Crossandra flowers in
combination with jasmine is becoming increasingly popular in India, particularly in southern
parts, because the jasmine flowers provide colour contrast and the desired fragrance.
Floriculture my love with Flower and ornamental pics By Allah Dad Khan Agricu...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document lists 201 different types of flowers and plants. It also discusses some problems faced by floriculture producers in Pakistan, including difficulties obtaining quality plants, inadequate water and facilities for harvesting, storage and packaging. Opportunities for the industry include developing exports of high quality flowers, supporting industry expansion, and identifying new market niches. Challenges include oversupply of some flowers, coordinating marketing, and ensuring availability of skilled labor.
I love flowers A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor Agricul...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document lists 201 different types of flowers and plants. It also discusses some problems faced by floriculture producers in Pakistan, including difficulties obtaining quality plants, inadequate water and facilities for harvesting, processing and storage, and lack of infrastructure and market information. Opportunities for the industry include developing exports, supporting industry expansion, and identifying new market niches. Challenges include oversupply of some flowers, needing coordination to maintain export markets, and ensuring availability of skilled labor.
The document summarizes floriculture trends in India from 1970-2050. It notes that the area under floriculture has grown from 4,000 ha in 1970 to over 218,000 ha in 2012. Production has also increased significantly over this period from 1.421 million MT loose flowers and 74 million cut flowers in 2012. The value of floriculture production is projected to grow from Rs. 14.6 crore in 1990 to over Rs. 111366.8 crore by 2050. The document outlines key challenges for the industry such as climate change impacts, high post-harvest losses, and issues around labor, markets, and intellectual property. It proposes strategies like developing short duration and stress tolerant varieties,
Safflower is an annual oilseed crop grown for its seeds which contain 25-37% oil. It is thought to originate in Asia Minor or the Mediterranean region. Internationally it is a minor crop grown on less than 1 million hectares annually producing 500,000 metric tons of seeds. In Pakistan it is grown mainly in Sindh and Baluchistan. The plant has a strong central stem and branches with thistle-like yellow or orange flowers. Safflower oil is used for cooking, in cosmetics and medicines due to its drying properties and health benefits such as reducing respiratory problems and strengthening the immune system.
Planning and management of butterfly gardens Haneesh Km
This document discusses planning and managing butterfly parks. It covers selecting suitable land and preparing the land while minimizing modifications. Native plant species should be chosen as host plants for butterfly eggs and larvae, and as nectar plants to support adult butterflies. Both small and large butterfly gardens are possible. Regular maintenance includes controlling invasive plants, using natural pest control, and monitoring the butterfly population. Larger parks may include features like ponds and insect hotels. Conservation projects aim to improve habitat connectivity through butterfly corridors.
FLORICULTURE: A BOON FOR DOUBLING FARMERS INCOMESheebaBelwal
This document discusses how floriculture can help double Indian farmers' incomes. It notes that most Indian farmers have small land holdings and low yields from traditional food crops. Floriculture is presented as a high-value alternative that can significantly increase farmers' net returns through crops like roses, carnations, and gladiolus. The document also outlines various modules for floriculture production that farmers can pursue, including nursery raising, cut flowers, protected cultivation, and value addition activities to further boost incomes.
This document discusses the scope and importance of floriculture in India. It begins by introducing floriculture as the cultivation and marketing of ornamental plants, cut flowers, and their economic products. It then discusses how India has suitable climate and soil for growing many flower varieties. While floriculture holds potential for income, employment, and exports, India currently accounts for a small portion of the global market. The document outlines strengths like climate and variety, as well as weaknesses and opportunities to strengthen the industry such as value addition, greenhouse cultivation, and developing more storage and cold chain facilities.
Distribution channels of major flowers in indiaSAMEER LAKHANI
Growth of floriculture in India
Production and export of flowers
To examine the distribution channels of flowers in India
To know the challenges in floriculture industry
To formulate strategies to develop floriculture industry in India
Propagating Plants from Seed ~ Washington State UniversitySeeds
This document provides information on propagating plants from seed. It discusses what seeds are, the plants that are commonly propagated from seed like vegetables and annual flowers, and factors that determine seed viability like storage conditions. It also addresses questions like using seeds from previous years or one's garden, attributes of quality seeds, and where to purchase seeds. Tables list the longevity of different seed types and planting recommendations for common vegetables.
Floriculture - its status and prospects in Manipur, IndiaJeebit Singh
Status and prospects of floriculture in Manipur, a state in North Eastern India. The slides provides general information on scope, opportunity and demands of flower in the state to draw the attention of people connected with flower business to understand the marketing scenario.
This document discusses factors that affect the quality and vase life of cut flowers. It identifies pre-harvest factors like species, light, temperature, and post-harvest factors like water quality, ethylene gas, and preservative chemicals as influencing vase life. Proper harvesting, conditioning, pulsing techniques and use of holding solutions with biocides, carbohydrates and other additives can help improve shelf life of cut flowers.
This document outlines the key aspects of a greenhouse management course. It includes information on class meetings, grading, exams, lab projects, and presentations. A field trip to a production greenhouse is planned. The document also provides definitions and history of floriculture, categories and top crops of annuals, potted plants, and cut flowers in the US. Employment opportunities and the roles of small, mid-size, and large greenhouse operations are described. Factors that influence where plants are grown like climate and infrastructure are listed.
Bureau of Plant and Industry Davao Region in the Philippines
Nursery establishment for cacao seedlings are similar to most tree crop nurseries.
Young seedlings require ample shading, adequate supply of clean water and drainage.
Similar to Economics importance of flowers floriculture Floods in pakistan A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert KPK Pakistan (14)
49. Energy Sources ( Production of biodiesel from jatropha) A Series of Prese...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Jatropha is a plant that can be used to produce biodiesel. Mr. Allah Dad Khan, an agriculture consultant and adviser from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, gave a presentation on jatropha production for biodiesel. The presentation discussed using jatropha to produce an alternative fuel source.
47. Energy Sources ( Jatropha oil as bio -diesel ) A Series of Presentation t...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Jatropha oil has potential as a biodiesel source. Mr. Allah Dad Khan, an agriculture consultant and adviser in KPK Pakistan, gave a presentation on jatropha oil as bio diesel. The presentation discussed jatropha oil's viability as an alternative energy source for fuel.
36. Energy sources (Nuclear energy ) A Series of Presentation to Class By Mr...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Nuclear energy is a promising source of clean energy that can help address energy demands and climate change issues. However, it also carries risks from radioactive waste and potential safety issues from accidents that must be carefully managed. Overall, if developed responsibly with strong safety protocols, nuclear power could make an important zero-carbon contribution to the global energy mix.
32. Energy Sources ( Energy sources the fuel) A Series of Presentation to ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
The document discusses various sources of energy, dividing them into conventional and non-conventional sources. Conventional sources include fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas. These are used in thermal power plants to produce electricity. Hydro power plants use the kinetic energy of flowing water for electricity. Non-conventional sources include solar, wind, biomass, tidal, geothermal and nuclear energy. These provide alternatives to fossil fuels and many are renewable but also have challenges like cost, land use or waste disposal.
17. Energy sources ( Tidal energy waves facts) A Series of Presentation to ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Tidal energy has the potential to be a renewable source of energy. Mr. Allah Dad Khan, an agriculture consultant and adviser in KPK Pakistan, gave a presentation about tidal energy and waves. The presentation provided facts about harnessing the power of tides and waves for energy production.
15. Energy sources ( Fourteen main advantages and disadvantages of tidal en...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Tidal energy is a renewable source of energy that harnesses the power of tides. It has several advantages, including being renewable as tides are driven by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, being a green energy source that doesn't emit greenhouse gases, and having a predictable output. However, tidal energy also has disadvantages such as potentially impacting the environment, only being available when tides are surging for around 10 hours per day so requiring effective energy storage, and being an expensive new technology that is not yet cost-effective.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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219. Some of the problems faced by the floriculture
producer in Pakistan:
•
• It is difficulty of a farmer to obtain quality plants in the desired variety.
• Availability of appropriate facilities for harvest and post-harvest management.
• Imbalance fertilizer application
• Non availability of sufficient amount of water in accordance to its need.
• Low productivity and high cost of production
• High percentage of post harvest losses
• Inadequate storage facilities and outdated methods used in processing/packing
• Inadequate market information
• Difficulty in obtaining a suitable land for expansion and in obtaining financial
assistance.
• Lack of irrigation facilities
• Non availability of cold chain storage facilities
• Lack of appropriate packaging for floriculture produce.
• Lack of well established information database.
• Lack of infrastructure to support the technology development, Education and
training.
220. Opportunities:
•
• Continued development of exports of high quality flowers and
bulbs into overseas markets,with special emphasis of roses for oil
extraction.
• Continued support for the expansion and development of the
flowers bulb sectors of the industry.
• Encouraging and supporting the formation of bulb certification
scheme, particularly for bulb exports.
• Promoting opportunity for the development of native flora for the
domestic and export markets.
• Identification of market niches that can be supplied talking
advantage of Pakistan’s climate.
• Increase the networking ability of the industry and the work with
key grower groups to increase their market access.
• Increase the industry’s access to skill based training schemes.
221. Challenges:
•
•With some popular flowers types oversupplied
in the international markets,ensuring the quality
and quantity of products will be important to
maintain market share and development of
export opportunity.
• Increasing national coordination of the industry
to maximize the effectiveness of marketing
promotion in export market.
• Ensuring the availability of skilled labor during
harvesting. Processing is labored intensive and
vital for the product quality