This presentation is about economic importance of protozoa including general introduction of protozoa and its zoo logical importance . Slide 6 include information about Beneficial protozoan 1)Helpful in sanitation 2)

1. Economic importance of protozoa
Submitted to: Dr. Ranjana Agarwal
By: Aakanksha Kumari
M.Sc. Zoology
SEM I

2. General introduction of protozoa
 Protozoa means “first animals” and are described as
unicellular eukaryotes(Goldfus,1818).
 They are microscopic found in fresh ,marine water and
damp soil.
 It is a heterogeneous group of single celled organism
 Simplest and most primitive of all animals, with
protoplasmic grade of organization.
 They display all type of symmetry .
 Solitary or form loose colony in which individual remain
alike and independent.

3. Body naked or bounded by a pellicle .
The single cell body performs all the essential and vital
activities .
Locomotory organelles are finger-like pseudopodia or
whip like flagella or hair like cilia.
Nutrition holozoic ,holophytic or parasitic.
Digestion occurs intracellular inside food vacuoles.
Reproduction asexual by binary or multiple fission and
sexual by conjugation or by fusion of gametes.

5. Economic importance of protozoa
Protozoan are ubiquitous found almost everywhere .
They live as commensals and parasitic in animals and
plants
Man is invariably affected by them.
Some of them are beneficial ,while most of them are
harmful.
It may appear at first glance that these minute animals
would have little or no economic importance .
But they have considerable economic values to the
mankind.

6. A. Beneficial protozoa
1] Helpful in sanitation
 Protozoa play an important role in sanitary
betterment and improvement in keeping
water safe for drinking purpose .
 Protozoa live in polluted water and feed
upon waste organic substance and thus
purify it .
 Some feed on bacteria and purify the water
indirectly.

7.  2] Protozoa as food
 Though microscopic but directly or indirectly provide
source food to man ,fish, and other animals.
 Larvae of aquatic feed on aquatic protozoan ,fishes feed
on larvae and grows to adult become a source of food of
human beings .
 Thus protozoan have an important role in forming food
chain .
 Indirectly protozoan serve as food for humans.

8.  3] symbiotic protozoan
 Some protozoan are found in symbiotic relationship with
other organism.
 In this association the two partner become very much
dependent on each other ,that one cannot get along
without other
 Trichonympha and Colonympha are intestinal flagellates
present in termites .
 They help in digestion of cellulose which is converted to
glycogen and the glycogen is then utilized by the termites .

9. 4]Oceanic ooze :
Pelagic foraminifera ,radiolarians
sink to the sea bottom forming
the soft mud or oceanic ooze.
5]Protozoa in study:
They are studied in laboratories
for the comprehension and
application of biological
reproduction

10. B. Harmful protozoa
1. Soil protozoa
Several species of protozoa present in soil ,feed upon
nitrifying bacteria and thus decline their activity and
consequently decrease the amount of nitrogen given
by the nitrifying bacteria.

11. 2]Water pollution:
 Where as some are helpful in sanitation ,othersare
responsible for water pollution
 The protozoa of fecal origin belong to this category.
 Uroglenopsis –pollute water by producing aromatic
secretion with bad odour which is unfit for human
consumption
 Notiluca and Gymnodinium –sometime multiply so
extensively that the water becomes red with their
bodies. This phenomena is known as Blooming and is
the cause of “red tides”

12. Larger concentration of these leads to destruction of fish
and even poisoning
Uroglenopsis

13. 3] Parasitic protozoa
Parasitic protozoan live on or with in the body of other
organisms (host) for food ,shelter and continuance of
race.
The parasite can be classified into two categories on
their occurrence .
1)Ectoparasitic protozoa (Outside the animal)
2)Endoparasitic protozoa(Inside the animal)

14. 1] Ectoparasitic Protozoa
They live on the external surface of the host or animal.
Ectoparasitic protozoa are less common .
For example :
1.Hydramoeba hydroxena : ectoparasite of hydra and
feeds on ectodermal cells .
2.Leishmania tropica: ectoparasite of man causes
oriental sores.
3.Ichthyophthirius multifilis: inhibit on the skin of fishes

15. 2] Endoparasitic Protozoa
They live inside the body of the host plant or animal .
This type of protozoan s are more common in nature .
Endoparasitic pathogenic protozoans are further
classified according to their exact location in the body.
1.Coelozoic endoparasite
2Histozoic endoparasite
3.Cytozoic endoparasite

16. 1.Coelzoic endoparasite:
when the parasite lives in the alimentary canal or in cavities
of body .
E. g . (a) Entamoeba histolytica
(b) Giardia lamblia
(c) Balantidium
2.Histozoic endoparasite :when the parasite occupies
space between the host cell.
For example :Trypanosoma gambiens lives in the blood
plasma of vertebrates.
3.cytozoice endoparasite: these type of parasite lives
inside the host cell.
For example: plasmodium and Babesia in the blood cells.

17. .Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia
Trypanosoma gambiens Plasmodium

18. Reference :
 R.L. Kotpal ,Biology of invertebrates, eleventh Edition
 A HANDBOOK ON ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ,FIFTH
EDITION ,BY Dr.JAWAID AHSAN AND Dr.SUBHAS
PRASAD SINHA
 Invertebrate structure and function ,second edition by
E.J.W. BARRINGTON
 Applied zoology by Dr. G Suhasini
 Economic Zoology by Shukla and Upadhyay
 https://www.britannica.com
 https://brainly.in