This ppt features the different kinds of protozoa, an animal-like protist . They are animal-like because they are heterotrophs, and are capable of moving.

1. Types of Protozoa

2. ANIMAL - LIKE PROTIST : THE
PROTOZOA
Animal-like protist or commonly
called protozoa (singular,
protozoan). They are animal-like
because they are heterotrophs,
and are capable of moving.
Although protozoa are not
animals, they are thought to be
the ancestors of animals.

3. Types of Protozoa
1.ZOOFLAGELLATES
Zoomastigophora is a phylum (more
commonly known as zooflagellates)
within the kingdom Protista.
Organisms within this group have a
spherical, elongated body with a
single central nucleus. They are
single-celled, heterotrophic
eukaryotes and may form symbiotic
relationships with other organisms,
including Trichomonas.

4. Example of Zooflagellate
•Choanoflagellates
Group of aquatic zooflagellates.
Choanoflagellates are a group of
free-living unicellular and
colonial flagellate eukaryotes
considered to be the closest
living relatives of the
animals.There are no known
adverse effects of
choanoflagellates on humans.

5. Characteristics of Choanoflagellates
Choanoflagellates are:
•Collared flagellates having a funnel shaped
collar of interconnected microvilli at the
base of a flagellum.
•It has a single apical flagellum surrounded by a
collar of 30–40 microvilli.
•Universally present in freshwater and marine
habitats.
• Unicellular
•Capable of both asexual and sexual
reproduction.

6. Types of Protozoa
2.Sarcodines
Sarcodine, any protozoan of the superclass (sometimes class or
subphylum) Sarcodina. These organisms have streaming cytoplasm and use
temporary cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia in locomotion (called
amoeboid movement) and feeding. Sarcodines reproduce sexually by
syngamy (fusion of two gametes) and asexually by division or budding. Some
sarcodines have flagella during certain stages of their development; in other
groups flagellated and unflagellated generations alternate. Although some
are parasitic on plants or animals, most sarcodines are free-living, feeding on
bacteria, algae, other protozoans, or organic debris.

7. Example of Zooflagellate
• Rhizopoda (means root feet).
Rhizopoda A phylum of the Protoctista that contains the
amoebas and cellular slime moulds. They are
characterized by the possession of pseudopodia, which
are used for locomotion and engulfing food particles.
Rhizopods are found in freshwater and marine habitats
and the soil. Rhizopoda are a broad group of protozoan
amoeboid organisms placed in the kingdom Protista. They
include the naked and testate amoebae, some members
of the slime moulds and foraminifera. The latter are
almost exclusively marine organisms, either benthic or
planktonic.

8. Characteristics of Rhizopoda
Rhizopoda :
•Shown to be heterotrophic with various species feeding on available
organic matter.
•form a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic algae which allows
them to obtain nutrition as they house these organisms while others
feed on bacteria.
•Asexual multiplication through binary fission is the primary mode of
reproduction.
•Some are parasitic in nature and cause disease in human beings.
•Can be found in various environments across the world (moss, ponds,
swamps, the Antarctic etc) they all require moisture to survive.

9. Types of Protozoa
3. Ciliates
Ciliates are divided into free living
and parasitic. Whereas free living
ciliates (can live outside a host) can
be found in just about any given
environment, while parasitic ciliates
live in the body of the host.

10. Example of Ciliates
• Vorticella
Vorticella (also known as the “Bell
Animalcule”) is a protozoa (protist) that
belongs to the Phylum Ciliophora. As such,
they are eukaryotic ciliates that can live in a
variety freshwater habitats, including ponds,
pools, and ditches. They wave their cilia to
bring food into their mouths. Under a
microscope, a group of Vorticella looks like a
tulip bouquet, making them one of the most
adorable and elegant microscopic organisms.

11. Characteristics of Vorticella
Vorticella are :
•Single-cellular, animal-like microorganisms.
•Known for its bell-shaped head with a
conspicuous ring of cilia (hair-like processes).
•Has an unbranched stalk that anchors its body
on a solid object.
•The body ranges from 30 to 40 micrometers
while the stalk can grow up to 100 micrometers in
length.
•Heterotrophic organsims. They prey on bacteria.
•Reproduce asexual(binary fission) or
sexual(conjugation).

12. Types of Protozoa
3. Sporozoans
Sporozoans are a type of parasite and
rely entirely on their hosts for
nourishment. These protozoa don’t
have pseudopodia, cilia, or flagella.
Instead, they have a specialized
structure called an apical
complex, which they use to wedge
themselves into a host cell.

13. Example of Sporozoans
• Monocystis
Monocystis in Greek means mono=single & kystis=bladder. It resides as
a parasite in the seminal vesicles of the earthworm. Monocystis lives as an
intracellular parasite in its young stage when it lives in the bundle of
developing sperms and becomes extracellular in its mature stage when it
lives in the contents of seminal vesicles of earthworms. It belongs to the
order of Gregarinida. Its life cycle is completed in a single host that is the
earthworm, it is a monogenetic parasite. Its infection is so wide that
practically all mature earthworms are found parasitized by this parasite.

14. Characteristics of Monocystis
Monocystis :
•Special organs for locomotion are absent in
Monocystis. Monocystis moves by wriggling or
gliding movement brought about by the rhythmic
contraction and relaxation of myonemes.
•Body spindle-shaped and flat and covered by a
thin layer of cuticle. The anterior end is broader
and the posterior end is narrower.
•The mode of reproduction in Monocystis is
sexual and is always followed by asexual
reproduction.Both processes are interdependent.