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Eco and wild life tourism
- 1. Promotion of Eco & Wild life Tourism Workshop on Tourism Marketing for Developing Sri Lanka Tourism Master of Tourism Economics & Hotel Management University of Colombo 17th June 2012 Srilal Miththapala Bsc.Eng: C.Eng; FIEE; MIMgt; FIH Project Director, Ceylon Chamber of Commerce Solutions ( Pvt) Ltd Immediate Past President Tourist Hotels Association
- 2. Outline of Presentation • Sri Lanka Tourism • Tourism • Types of tourism • Sustainable tourism • Eco tourism • Wild life tourism • Eco & wild life tourism in Sri Lanka • Promoting Eco & wild life tourism of Sri Lanka
- 4. A Traveller’s paradise "This country is an oasis, prosperous and happy; it's people are well-to-do; they all have received the faith, and find their amusement in religious music. – Fa Hien (414A.D) "This, for it's actual size, is better circumstanced than any other island in the world .. … In this island there is a very high mountain where the tomb of Adam, our first parent, is supposed to be found" – Marco Polo (1293 A.D) “Dear me! It is beautiful” – Mark Twain (1890)
- 5. Sri Lanka Tourism A 40 year- Roller Coaster Ride! © Srilal Miththapala Data sourced from SLTDA
- 6. © Srilal M 2009 Tourist Arrival Variation January to December -32.4% -15.7% -10.5% -12.4% -20.6% 8.1% 28.0% 34.3% 28.6% 20.1% 7% Total 2008: 447,890 Total 2009: 438,475 © Srilal Miththapala Data sourced from SLTDA
- 7. Tourist Arrivals – 2009 to 2012 Total 2009 – 447,890 Total 2010 – 654,476 Total 2011 – 855,975 Total 2012 (Up to May) – 387, 622 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2009 2010 2011 2012 No of Tourists 2012 2011 2010 2009
- 8. Trend in Arrivals 2005-2011 Derived from SLTDA date © Srilal Miththapala Trend
- 9. Foreign Exchange Earnings from Tourism 2009 to 2011 (In US $) 47% growth in 2011 compared to 2010 Year FE in US $. Million
- 10. Spend Per Guest Per Night 2009 to 2011 (In US $)
- 11. Sri Lanka Tourism 2011 Targets unveiled in September this year, aims to …….. • „put in place systems, processes and infrastructure to achieve the 2016 target of attracting 2.5 million tourists ( 2010-650m) 2.75 billion US dollars in earnings (2010- 500m) 45,000 rooms ( 2010- 22,500)
- 12. What is Tourism? A tourist is a person who "travels to, and stays in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes…” World Tourism Organization
- 13. World Tourism -2011 • 980 million Travellers • Receipts USD 850 billion. • 10% of the world employment ( 1 in every 12 jobs) • 9% of world GDP • 5% of investment • 5% of exports. WTTC’s - Economic Impact Research ( direct, indirect & induced impacts)
- 14. What types of tourism? • Leisure • Business • Ecotourism • Nature Tourism • Geo tourism • Cultural tourism • Cruise • Medical • Education • Adventure tourism etc..
- 15. What types of tourism? Leisure Tourism Visiting Friends & Relatives (VFR) Business Tourism • Holidays • Health & Fitness • Sport • Education • Culture & Religion • Social & Spiritual • Nature/ Wild life • Visiting elderly relatives • Social visits to friends & relatives • Wedding celebrations • Business meetings • Incentive travel • Conferences & conventions • Exhibitions & Trade fairs (MICE)
- 16. What is sustainable tourism ? Sustainable Tourism Management.. “…meets the needs of present tourists and host regions, while protecting and enhancing opportunity for the future…” (http://www.world-tourism.org/sustainable)
- 17. Sustainable tourism is… • Ecologically sustainable, • Economically viable, • Ethically and socially equitable. • Long term perspective.
- 18. Sustainability People Planet Profit © Srilal Miththapala
- 19. Sustainable tourism -a Balancing act Conservation Bio-diversity; natural resources Tourism Business profitability Local Involvement Poverty alleviation; empowerment
- 21. Ecotourism “Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people." The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) in 1990
- 22. • Responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (often) small scale. • It helps educate the traveller; • Provides funds for conservation; • Directly benefits the economic development and political empowerment of local communities; • Fosters respect for different cultures and for human rights Ecotourism
- 23. ‘Sustainable tourism’ is not necessarily only ecotourism • ‘Ecotourism' does not involve much mainstream beach-or city-based tourism, where impacts are much greater than any nature-based tourism. • Sustainable tourism, therefore, is an attempt to improve the impacts of all types of tourism.
- 24. Types of sustainable tourism? All tourism can be sustainable !
- 25. Relationships between Tourism categories Conven tional Tourism Adventure Tourism Sustainable Tourism Wild life tourism Ecotourism Nature Tourism
- 26. Global Warming Sustainability Environment Conservation Green house Gases Energy Biodiversity Conservation Climate Change Carbon Emissions © Srilal Miththapala
- 27. Wild life -based Tourism • Wildlife tourism is watching wild animals in their natural habitat • It is also tourism undertaken to view and/or encounter wildlife, in a range of settings… captive, semi-captive wild • It encompasses… passive observation feeding and/or touching the species
- 28. Nature/ wild life Tourism Guidelines and Principles • Based on the natural attractions of an area and education about the area • Focuses on experiential tourists who are interested in a diversity of natural resources. • Sustainable use of resources, and avoidance of degradation ( low impact) • Enhancement of local community and assistance in development • Respect for cultural/social/political aspects of local people • Profit for tourism industry • Provides funds for conservation activities • Provides incentives for local communities and landowners to conserve wildlife habitats upon which the industry depends
- 29. Positive Impacts of Wildlife Tourism • Habitat restoration by eco-lodges and other tourism operations • Conservation breeding -breeding of rare and endangered species as a major part of their activities, and release the progeny when possible into suitable habitat. • Financial donations -money from visitor donations to assist in-situ conservation of wild life • Quality interpretation-gives visitors a more informed base on which to subsequently modify their behaviour • Research and monitoring-support of monitoring of wildlife numbers or general research relevant to conservation • Anti-poaching-Bringing tourists regularly into some areas may make it more difficult for poachers of large animals or those who collect smaller species for the black market © Srilal Miththapala
- 30. Negative effects of Ecotourism/ wild life tourism • Destruction of local resources to make room for ecotourism • Exploitation of local residents such as using them for cheap labor • Hunting down and destroying rare species and natural resources to make souvenirs and to use for tourist attractions • Damaging the environment and destroying nature to make room for man made establishments • Using wildlife as tourist attractions and primarily to generate money for the economy, not to preserve them. • Disturbing Breeding Patterns • Disturbing Feeding Patterns • Disruption of parent-offspring bonds • Increased vulnerability to predators and competitors
- 31. Sri Lanka as a eco/ wild life based tourist destination ?
- 32. Sri Lanka-destination attributes • A 2500 year old history. • Virgin forests, royal and sacred cities. • Cliff top citadels, colonial strongholds and temple caves. • 8 World Heritage Sites declared and listed by UNESCO. • One of Asia's richest treasure troves of both natural and man-made wonders. © Srilal Miththapala
- 33. Sri Lanka land area breakdown 2.6 % 24.8 % 4.1% 68.5% Primary Modified Plantation 31.5% http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/Sri_Lanka.htm Non – Forest © Srilal Miththapala
- 34. • Diverse Ecosystem Areas – shrub lands, savanna and grass lands, wetlands, riverine forests, mangrove forests, tropical rain forests. © Srilal M 2009 Biodiversity • One of the 34 biodiversity hotspots in the world. • 32.2% of the land area has some form of forest cover, while the closed canopy forest cover is about 23.9% ( FAO) • Varied Ecological Zones – Low country dry zone, Low country wet zone, Central hill zone, Intermediate zone, Arid zone.
- 35. © Srilal M 2009 The world famous Sinharaja Virgin Rainforest
- 36. Wild life • 3rd century BC King Devanapiyatissa created, possibly the world’s first wild life sanctuary in the south of the country. • 11th AD King kirthi Sri NissankaMalla decreed that no animals should be killed in the vicinity of the sacred city of Anuradhapura • The only country in the world, where one can see the both of the world’s largest mammals - Elephants and Whales • 1885 the first forest ordinance was passed which paved the way for the setting up of the national parks… © Srilal M 2009
- 37. Wildlife Species • 3,300 plants • 80 mammals (16END; 9CE; 32T) • 480 birds (33END; 10CE; 36T) • 66 amphibians (90 END; 12CE; 40T) • 180 reptiles (101END; 10CE; 18T) • 240 butterflies (20END; 1CE; 45T) © Srilal M 2009 Ref IUNC Red List
- 38. Wildlife Parks 1.Yala National Park 2.Wilpattu National Park 3.Sinharaja Rainforest Reserve 4.Uda Walawe National Park 5.Wasgamuwa National Park 6.Minneriya National Park 7.Gal Oya National Park 8.Horton Plains National Park 9.Madurua Oya National Park 10.Victoria Randenigala Rantambe Sanctuary 11.Ritigala Strict Natural Reserve 12.Somavati Chaitiya Sanctuary 13.Bundala National Park 14.Wirawila Bird Sanctuary © Srilal M 2009
- 39. The largest density of wild Asian Elephants in the world 10% of the world population, in 2% of the available elephant habitat in the world © Srilal Miththapala
- 40. © Srilal M 2009 The ‘Gathering’ The unique spectacle where the largest number of Asian elephants gather on the open plains of the Minneriya National Park during the months of April-Sept . © Srilal Miththapala
- 41. Wild elephant at cricket! DimitriMiththapala Dimitri Miththapala
- 42. In the Ocean
- 43. © Srilal M 2009 On Land…
- 44. Hence certainly there is no shortage of physical attributes as a nature destination… All This on a small 65,000 sq km island. Possibly one of the most unique places on earth. © Srilal Miththapala
- 45. Sri Lanka tourism positioning “Asia‟s most Authentic Compact, Diverse island”
- 46. Authentic being-seeing Unique Traditional Natural Simple Unspoilt Rooted Inimitable Sustainable Ethical
- 47. …And many hotels have ‘jumped on the eco-tourism/nature tourism bandwagon’ “Ecotourism" – is a term that has long been open to abuse and misrepresentation.” The Guardian © Srilal Miththapala
- 48. The market demand for eco/nature based tourism • Captures $77 billion of the global market and experiencing double-digit gains that are likely to accelerate as concern about global warming rises. • The United Nations World Travel Organization (UNWTO) estimates that in 2007 ecotourism captured 7 % of the international market. • According to Travel Weekly, sustainable tourism could grow to 25% of the world’s travel market by 2012, taking the value of the sector to approximately $473 billion a year. • Centre for responsible travel
- 49. Some good hotel examples… © Srilal Miththapala
- 50. GREEN WASHING ? © Srilal Miththapala
- 52. New emerging needs of tourists Changing needs of the tourists food, accommodation and excitement To experience, learn about another culture, enriching oneself, concern for environment, interest in nature & wild life
- 53. LOHAS – the new premium tourism customers? Lifestyles Of Health And Sustainability. • Well-off, well-educated, health-conscious and socially and environmentally aware • Essentially, these are people who live and consume in an informed, aware and ethical manner, especially with regard to their own health and fitness, and to social and environmental issues. • They are also interested in spirituality and new technologies. • The US market for LOHAS goods and services is put at $209 billion including a large „eco-tourism‟ market estimated at $42 billion. : The Natural Marketing Institute, 2008),
- 54. Revenue Earned by Wild Life Parks from Tourism Year 2007 - 2010 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 Revenue Rs Million Year
- 55. Visitors to National wild life parks Local to Foreign ratio- almost 3.4 times in 2010 SLTDA
- 56. Revenue generated from National wild life parks
- 57. Department of National Zoological Gardens Income 2011 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 487 Mn 163 Mn 16 Mn Elephant Orphanage Dehiwala Zoo Other Sources Modes of Income Income in Rs.
- 58. Number of Visitors - 2011 Number of Visitors
- 59. …but what about the guiding principles? • Education about the area • Sustainable use of resources, and avoidance of degradation ( no over-visitation) • Enhancement of local community and assistance in development • Respect for cultural/social/political aspects of local people • Profit for tourism industry
- 60. Using local people as guides and trackers to show wild life of area
- 61. Environment friendly lodges & tented camps
- 62. Involving villagers in tourism
- 64. Safaris to National Parks
- 65. Negative effects of nature/wild life tourism in Sri Lanka
- 66. The Gathering at Minneriya- Hemmed in and nowhere to go..
- 67. ‘Traffic Jams’ at Yala Manori Gunawardena
- 68. Boats disturbing whales Riaz Cader
- 69. Pinnawela – Elephant ‘Orphanage’ ?
- 70. Will tourism be guilty of over-exploiting this unique & wonderful gift of nature? © Srilal Miththapala
- 71. Post war Sri Lanka “ The war has done you some good ....indirectly. It has helped to preserve your natural resources to a great extent over the past 2 – 3 decades. You must, at all costs, safeguard this pristine environment, and not let it be destroyed in the rush to develop” Romulus Whitake , a.k.a „The Snake man of India‟, Eminent Herpetologist, at a lecture of the Wild Life & Nature Protection Society , SLIE auditorium, 14th September 2010 © Srilal Miththapala
- 72. Leopard haven…. "If God Created a patch of land for Leopards on Earth, then it must be Yala“ Angie Scott , Award winning photographer of Big Cat Diary, at a presentation at Cinnamon Lake, at the end of their visit to Sri Lanka 9th July 2011
- 74. Sri Lanka Tourism Wild Life/ Nature Beach Adventure / sports Wellness Culture © Srilal Miththapala
- 75. Wild life sub-branding • “ Sri Lanka the ultimate island safari” • “Sri Lanka the best for big game outside Africa” • “Sri Lanka‟s four big- The elephant, whale, leopard and sloth bear • The Sri Lankan elephant as an icon for tourism © Srilal Miththapala
- 76. World recognition • The Gathering – “The world‟s 6th best wild life wonder” • Lonely Planet - 1000 ultimate sites guidebook 2011 – Sri Lanka Elephants Gathering • National Geographic – Best 25 new trips for 2010 – Sri Lanka • National Geographic – Best destinations 2012-6th place © Srilal Miththapala
- 78. The largest land mammal in the world
- 79. The largest mammal in the world
- 80. One of the largest predators in the world Franklin Silva
- 81. Elusive …. Franklin Silva
- 82. The world largest mammals… THE ELEPHANT and THE WHALE …and the largest concentration of LEOPARDS and the elusive SLOTH BEAR Sri Lanka’s BIG 4? Srilal
- 84. “Lanka best for big game safaris outside Africa”
- 85. Rank No : 2 © Srilal Miththapala
- 86. The Sri Lankan Elephant- • A distinct sub species • The largest animal in the world • One of the easiest places in the world to see wild elephants
- 87. Flagship Species
- 89. “The greatness of a nation, and it‟s moral progress can be judged by the way it‟s animals and environment are treated” -- Mahatma Gandhi © Srilal Miththapala
- 90. … and leave only footprints © Srilal Miththapala Tread lightly, take only photographs, kill only time… Thank you… and all the best in your studies. srilal.mith@gmail.com www.srilankaelephant.com www.facebook.com/SriLankaElephant © Srilal Miththapala