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ECOTOURISM
Andrew L Myrthong
2014-12-126
Dept. of Pomology and Floriculture
1
Ecosystem
"An ecosystem is a unit of biological organisation interacting with
the physical environment such that the flow of energy and mass
leads to a characteristic trophic structure and material cycles."
2
Tourism
• World’s largest industry
• Fastest growing economic sector
• Positive and negative impact on people’s lives
and environment
3
Ecosystem
Ecotourism
Tourism
4
What is ecotourism?
"Responsible travel to natural areas which conserves the environment
and improves the welfare of the local people“
(The Ecotourism Society)
"Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment,
sustains the well being of the local people and involves interpretation
and education“
(The International Ecotourism Society)
5
Principles
• It is Non-consumptive/ Non-extractive
• Creates an ecological Conscience
• Holds eco-centric values and Ethics in relation
to nature
6
7
The Concern for Ecotourism
• Indian tradition – human kind is a part of nature
• Quest for the material end and economical progress
• Exploitation of nature in all its appearances
• Global Warming and Greenhouse Effects
8
Ecotourism in India
• India, the land of varied geography
• One of the 12-mega bio-diverse countries
• Rich cultural heritage
• The Himalayan Region, Kerala, the northeast India,
Andaman & Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep islands
• Thenmala – First planned ecotourism destination
9
Motive
• Twin goals
– Biodiversity conservation
– Sustainable development
10
Contribution of different economic
sectors to employment
Sector Jobs
Agriculture 44.7
Manufacturing 12.6
Mining and quarrying 2.6
Railways 0.9
Other transport 13.8
Tourism 47.5
Source: Central Statistical Organisation Enterprise, Ministry of Tourism,
Government of India, 2010
11
Foreign tourist arrival in India
Source: Tourism Statistics, Govt. Of India
12
Domestic tourist visits in India
Source: Tourism Statistics, Govt. Of India
13
India’s foreign exchange earning from
tourism (in crores)
Source: Tourism Statistics, Govt. Of India
14
Importance of ecotourism
• Utilises natural resources (landscapes, mountains, bio-diversity
areas, rivers etc)
• Not a travel statement – message of our relationship with nature
and its inhabitants
• Focus point: local cultures, wilderness, adventures and environment
protection
• Ecological diversity
• Popularise secluded parts of the country
15
Cont…
• Based on sustainable/eco-friendly tourism
• Tourism pressure degraded the ecologically fragile areas of
the country
• Generate revenue without disturbing delicate ecosystem
16
17
Ecotourism Industry in India
• Increase foreign exchange
• Development of infrastructure facilities
• Balanced regional development
• Generating employment
• Maintaining peace and goodwill
18
Requirement for ecotourism
• Control accessibility to an area
• Hill stations or beaches not categorized as
ecotourism destinations
• National parks and wildlife sanctuaries most
amenable
19
Major ecotourism destinations
20
Kerala-A paradise for tourist
• God’s own Country
• Eco-visitors – Green heaven
• Sandy beaches, tropical dense forests etc.
• Many animal and plant species
21
THENMALA
Munnar
Vembanad Lake
22
Munnar
Vembanad Lake
23
Sundarban
• World’s largest natural delta
• Royal Bengal Tiger
• Wildlife sanctuary, bird sanctuary, crocodile
projects
• Tidal rivers, water channels, large mangrove trees
• Deer, antelopes, gaur and wild pigs
24
25
Goa
• Natural resource and rich heritage
• Churches, temples, monuments, forts
• Beaches, wildlife and national park
• Carnival and cuisines
26
27
Himalayas
• Mountain range of north India
• Kulu, Manali, Ladak, Dharamshala, Dalhousie
etc
• Sunrise and sunset from different mountain
range
• Trekking and camping
28
Kulu
Manali
Ladak
Dalhousie
Dharamshala
29
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Animals, marine life, plants
• Fresh and clean environment, well maintained
road
• Dense jungles and thousands of coconut trees
30
31
Coorg
Brahmagiri
range
Abbey Nagarhole
32
Uttaranchal
Snow capped mountains, beautiful meadows, serene lakes,
dense forests, wildlife
Kumaon Garhwal
33
Kodaikanal
Kodaikanal Lake Dolphin nose mountains
34
Shimla
• Oak and rhododendron excursion
• Skiing and ice skaling
Toy Train The ridge 35
Northeast India
Arunachal Pradesh
Manipur
Tripura
Mizoram
36
Sikkim
Meghalaya
Nagaland
Assam
37
National Parks
38
Jim
Corbett
Kaziranga
Bharatpur
Gir
Crocodile
bank
39
Ecotourism resources in India
40
Biosphere reserves
• Nilgiri
• Nanda Devi
• Nokrek
• Great Nicobar
• Gulf of Mannar
• Manas
• Sunderbans
41
1. Gulf of Kutch
2. Nilgiri
3. Great Nicobars
4. Sundarbans
5. Nanda Devi
6. Gulf of Mannar
7. Nokrek
1
2
7
6
5
4
3
42
Mangroves
• Northern Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Sunderbans (West Bengal)
• Bhiturkania and Mahanadi delta (Orissa)
• Coringa, Godavari delta and Krishna estuary (AP)
• Pichavaram and Point Calimere (TN)
• Goa
• Coonapur (Karnataka)
• Achra and Ratnagiri (Maharashtra)
• Vembanad (Kerala)
43
Coral reef ecosystems
• Gulf of Mannar
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Lakshadweep Islands
• Gulf of Kutch
44
• Deserts
• Mountains and forests
• Flora and Fauna
• Sea, lakes and rivers
• Caves
45
Forms of ecotourism in India
46
Wildlife tourism Village tourism
Agriculture tourism
Promoting ecotourism in India
• Government, local authorities, operators, visitors and local community
• Scientific and research institutes
• Non governmental organisations
Landscape architect prepares the management plan
– Controlled access points, roads, self guided nature trails, transportation
options
– Interpretation centers, signs
– Adequate but unpretentious lodging and dining facilities
– Docks, garbage disposal facilities and other utilities
47
Recent Initiatives in Eco-Tourism in
India
• Horsely Hill in Chittor district of Andra Pradesh
• Satkosi in Orissa (Rs.4.25 crore)
• Morni-Pinjore Hills and Sultanpur National Park in Haryana
• Wayanad in Kerala (Rs.2.01 crore)
• Tourist Circuit in Assam (Rs. 4.97 crores)
• Mechuka destination (Rs.4.41 crores) in Arunachal Pradesh
48
Private initiatives
• Casino Group of Hotels, Tours India Ltd-adopted 2 tribal
villages in Kerala
• GEF Project-Gulf of Mannar, Tamilnadu
• Sikkim Biodiversity and Ecotourism Project
• Corbett-Binsar-Nainital Ecotourism Initiative, Uttarakhand
• Great Himalayan National Park, HP-Eco Development
Project
49
Ministry of tourism
• Uttarakhand - First ecotourism model in valley of flowers
50
Major Issues in India
• Environmental issues
– Explores wilderness
– Tourist of prosperous strata
– Tour operators succumb to demands
– Artificial landscapes, resorts, luxury hotels and
shopping centers
51
• Social economic issues
– Ecotourism often owned by outside interests
– Carrying capacity of the host area is not calculated
– Breakdown of civil amenities during peak season
• Impact over locals
– Tourism monoculture
– Insincere source of income
52
Ecotourism Guidelines for Travellers
1) Prepare for your trip
• Educate yourself about your destination
• Learn about local history, customs and culture as well as vital
ecosystems
• Learn the basics of the local language
• Approach travel with the desire to learn rather than just
observe
53
2) Respect local traditions and etiquette
• Appropriate clothing
• Be aware of people's sensitivity to being photographed
• Observe local customs
• Remember that you are the visitor
• Different concepts of time, personal space, communication
etc.
54
3) Avoid ostentatious display of wealth
• Extravagant to another culture
• For example, a camera, jewels or technological gadgets
• Create barriers and inhibit genuine interactions
4) Be flexible in your expectations
• Adapt yourself to the situation rather than trying to adapt the
situation to you
55
5) Conserve resources
6) Practice environmental minimum impact
7) Choosing a tour operator or guide
8) Support local economies
9) Bridging cultural gaps
10) Continued ecotourism
56
Conclusion
• Scope is very high
• Ecotourism industry flourishing
• Careful planning and target oriented approach
• Government schemes and policies
• Responsible traveller
57
58
59
60

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Ecotourism 160119171536

  • 1. ECOTOURISM Andrew L Myrthong 2014-12-126 Dept. of Pomology and Floriculture 1
  • 2. Ecosystem "An ecosystem is a unit of biological organisation interacting with the physical environment such that the flow of energy and mass leads to a characteristic trophic structure and material cycles." 2
  • 3. Tourism • World’s largest industry • Fastest growing economic sector • Positive and negative impact on people’s lives and environment 3
  • 5. What is ecotourism? "Responsible travel to natural areas which conserves the environment and improves the welfare of the local people“ (The Ecotourism Society) "Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well being of the local people and involves interpretation and education“ (The International Ecotourism Society) 5
  • 6. Principles • It is Non-consumptive/ Non-extractive • Creates an ecological Conscience • Holds eco-centric values and Ethics in relation to nature 6
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  • 8. The Concern for Ecotourism • Indian tradition – human kind is a part of nature • Quest for the material end and economical progress • Exploitation of nature in all its appearances • Global Warming and Greenhouse Effects 8
  • 9. Ecotourism in India • India, the land of varied geography • One of the 12-mega bio-diverse countries • Rich cultural heritage • The Himalayan Region, Kerala, the northeast India, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep islands • Thenmala – First planned ecotourism destination 9
  • 10. Motive • Twin goals – Biodiversity conservation – Sustainable development 10
  • 11. Contribution of different economic sectors to employment Sector Jobs Agriculture 44.7 Manufacturing 12.6 Mining and quarrying 2.6 Railways 0.9 Other transport 13.8 Tourism 47.5 Source: Central Statistical Organisation Enterprise, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, 2010 11
  • 12. Foreign tourist arrival in India Source: Tourism Statistics, Govt. Of India 12
  • 13. Domestic tourist visits in India Source: Tourism Statistics, Govt. Of India 13
  • 14. India’s foreign exchange earning from tourism (in crores) Source: Tourism Statistics, Govt. Of India 14
  • 15. Importance of ecotourism • Utilises natural resources (landscapes, mountains, bio-diversity areas, rivers etc) • Not a travel statement – message of our relationship with nature and its inhabitants • Focus point: local cultures, wilderness, adventures and environment protection • Ecological diversity • Popularise secluded parts of the country 15
  • 16. Cont… • Based on sustainable/eco-friendly tourism • Tourism pressure degraded the ecologically fragile areas of the country • Generate revenue without disturbing delicate ecosystem 16
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  • 18. Ecotourism Industry in India • Increase foreign exchange • Development of infrastructure facilities • Balanced regional development • Generating employment • Maintaining peace and goodwill 18
  • 19. Requirement for ecotourism • Control accessibility to an area • Hill stations or beaches not categorized as ecotourism destinations • National parks and wildlife sanctuaries most amenable 19
  • 21. Kerala-A paradise for tourist • God’s own Country • Eco-visitors – Green heaven • Sandy beaches, tropical dense forests etc. • Many animal and plant species 21
  • 24. Sundarban • World’s largest natural delta • Royal Bengal Tiger • Wildlife sanctuary, bird sanctuary, crocodile projects • Tidal rivers, water channels, large mangrove trees • Deer, antelopes, gaur and wild pigs 24
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  • 26. Goa • Natural resource and rich heritage • Churches, temples, monuments, forts • Beaches, wildlife and national park • Carnival and cuisines 26
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  • 28. Himalayas • Mountain range of north India • Kulu, Manali, Ladak, Dharamshala, Dalhousie etc • Sunrise and sunset from different mountain range • Trekking and camping 28
  • 30. Andaman and Nicobar Islands • Animals, marine life, plants • Fresh and clean environment, well maintained road • Dense jungles and thousands of coconut trees 30
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  • 33. Uttaranchal Snow capped mountains, beautiful meadows, serene lakes, dense forests, wildlife Kumaon Garhwal 33
  • 35. Shimla • Oak and rhododendron excursion • Skiing and ice skaling Toy Train The ridge 35
  • 41. Biosphere reserves • Nilgiri • Nanda Devi • Nokrek • Great Nicobar • Gulf of Mannar • Manas • Sunderbans 41
  • 42. 1. Gulf of Kutch 2. Nilgiri 3. Great Nicobars 4. Sundarbans 5. Nanda Devi 6. Gulf of Mannar 7. Nokrek 1 2 7 6 5 4 3 42
  • 43. Mangroves • Northern Andaman and Nicobar Islands • Sunderbans (West Bengal) • Bhiturkania and Mahanadi delta (Orissa) • Coringa, Godavari delta and Krishna estuary (AP) • Pichavaram and Point Calimere (TN) • Goa • Coonapur (Karnataka) • Achra and Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) • Vembanad (Kerala) 43
  • 44. Coral reef ecosystems • Gulf of Mannar • Andaman and Nicobar Islands • Lakshadweep Islands • Gulf of Kutch 44
  • 45. • Deserts • Mountains and forests • Flora and Fauna • Sea, lakes and rivers • Caves 45
  • 46. Forms of ecotourism in India 46 Wildlife tourism Village tourism Agriculture tourism
  • 47. Promoting ecotourism in India • Government, local authorities, operators, visitors and local community • Scientific and research institutes • Non governmental organisations Landscape architect prepares the management plan – Controlled access points, roads, self guided nature trails, transportation options – Interpretation centers, signs – Adequate but unpretentious lodging and dining facilities – Docks, garbage disposal facilities and other utilities 47
  • 48. Recent Initiatives in Eco-Tourism in India • Horsely Hill in Chittor district of Andra Pradesh • Satkosi in Orissa (Rs.4.25 crore) • Morni-Pinjore Hills and Sultanpur National Park in Haryana • Wayanad in Kerala (Rs.2.01 crore) • Tourist Circuit in Assam (Rs. 4.97 crores) • Mechuka destination (Rs.4.41 crores) in Arunachal Pradesh 48
  • 49. Private initiatives • Casino Group of Hotels, Tours India Ltd-adopted 2 tribal villages in Kerala • GEF Project-Gulf of Mannar, Tamilnadu • Sikkim Biodiversity and Ecotourism Project • Corbett-Binsar-Nainital Ecotourism Initiative, Uttarakhand • Great Himalayan National Park, HP-Eco Development Project 49
  • 50. Ministry of tourism • Uttarakhand - First ecotourism model in valley of flowers 50
  • 51. Major Issues in India • Environmental issues – Explores wilderness – Tourist of prosperous strata – Tour operators succumb to demands – Artificial landscapes, resorts, luxury hotels and shopping centers 51
  • 52. • Social economic issues – Ecotourism often owned by outside interests – Carrying capacity of the host area is not calculated – Breakdown of civil amenities during peak season • Impact over locals – Tourism monoculture – Insincere source of income 52
  • 53. Ecotourism Guidelines for Travellers 1) Prepare for your trip • Educate yourself about your destination • Learn about local history, customs and culture as well as vital ecosystems • Learn the basics of the local language • Approach travel with the desire to learn rather than just observe 53
  • 54. 2) Respect local traditions and etiquette • Appropriate clothing • Be aware of people's sensitivity to being photographed • Observe local customs • Remember that you are the visitor • Different concepts of time, personal space, communication etc. 54
  • 55. 3) Avoid ostentatious display of wealth • Extravagant to another culture • For example, a camera, jewels or technological gadgets • Create barriers and inhibit genuine interactions 4) Be flexible in your expectations • Adapt yourself to the situation rather than trying to adapt the situation to you 55
  • 56. 5) Conserve resources 6) Practice environmental minimum impact 7) Choosing a tour operator or guide 8) Support local economies 9) Bridging cultural gaps 10) Continued ecotourism 56
  • 57. Conclusion • Scope is very high • Ecotourism industry flourishing • Careful planning and target oriented approach • Government schemes and policies • Responsible traveller 57
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