Echocardiography in aortic valve disease
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This document provides guidance on using echocardiography to assess aortic valve disease. It outlines key measurements and criteria for determining the severity of aortic regurgitation and stenosis based on guidelines from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. Parameters like jet width, vena contracta, flow reversal, and regurgitant volume are described for diagnosing severe aortic regurgitation. Thresholds for aortic valve area, velocity, and mean pressure gradient are defined to identify different types of severe aortic stenosis.
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tetralogy of fallot ideal case 2
The echocardiogram showed septal hypertrophy, a large non-restrictive ventricular septal defect, severe infundibular pulmonic stenosis, aortic override, and right ventricular hypertrophy. No other structural defects were seen. Cardiac catheterization measurements confirmed these findings and additionally showed normal coronary arteries. Surgical repair would need to consider approaches, pulmonary arteriotomy, transannular patching, preserving coronary arteries, and managing other septal defects while dividing obstructive muscles in the right ventricular outflow tract.
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I'm afraid I don't have enough information to answer these questions. The document provided is an overview of techniques for detecting intracardiac shunts and quantifying cardiac output and shunt flow. It does not include a specific patient case. Could you please provide more details about a patient for me to reference in answering your questions?
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2) Low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis can be further classified as either having a decreased ejection fraction or a paradoxically normal ejection fraction.
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Cardiac catheterization is useful for assessing left-to-right shunts through three main techniques: oximetry runs to detect oxygen saturation step-ups, indicator dye dilution to detect early recirculation of dye injected into the proximal chamber, and angiocardiography to directly visualize the anatomic site of the shunt. While oximetry is best to localize the shunt, dye dilution can detect smaller shunts and angiography confirms anatomy. Together these techniques allow diagnosis and quantification of left-to-right intracardiac shunts.
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2) Low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis can be further classified as either having a decreased ejection fraction or a paradoxically normal ejection fraction.
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central venous pressure and intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring. various sites for cvp and Ibp insertion. working principle for cvp and ibp. indication and complication. various waveform of cvp and ibp
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Management of acute right heart failure by Professor Jean- Louis Teboul
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Echocardiographic assessment-valve-stenosis-slides
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central venous pressure and intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring. invasiv...
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Similar to Echocardiography in aortic valve disease
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This document provides guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock according to current international standards. It recommends initiating early goal-directed therapy as soon as hypoperfusion is recognized to target specific goals within the first 6 hours, including a central venous pressure of 8-12 mmHg and mixed venous oxygen saturation above 70%. Various methods for assessing fluid status and fluid responsiveness are discussed, including measurements of the inferior vena cava diameter and pulse pressure variation.Pulse Contour Analysis: Riding the Wave
Conquer the random number generator. Lawrence Weinberg's guide to modern haemodynamic monitoring devices.
Echo assesmentof rv function
This document discusses the limitations and techniques for evaluating right ventricular (RV) function using echocardiography. It is difficult to accurately assess RV function due to its complex crescent shape and trabeculated walls. Common quantitative measures discussed include RV fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, pulsed tissue Doppler S', and Tei index. RV size, wall thickness, and pressures can also provide information. Combining multiple quantitative measures is recommended to reliably determine normal versus abnormal RV function. Emerging techniques like RV strain and strain rate are not yet routinely used in clinical practice.
VHD GUIDELINES 2014
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of valvular heart disease. It covers stages of progression for various valve diseases like aortic stenosis and regurgitation. It provides guidelines on diagnostic testing and timing of interventions. It discusses surgical risk calculators like STS PROM and factors affecting surgical risk like frailty. It also summarizes various clinical trials on medications for aortic stenosis which did not show benefit. The document provides guidelines on choice of surgical versus transcatheter interventions. It includes some case scenarios on management decisions for patients with valve diseases.
Right Ventricle Echocardiography
This document provides guidelines for assessing right heart structure and function using echocardiography. It describes the basic views needed to evaluate the right ventricle and atria. Key measurements are outlined such as ventricular dimensions, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and inferior vena cava (IVC) size and collapse. Methods for estimating pulmonary artery pressures from tricuspid regurgitation are presented. The document recommends routinely reporting right ventricular size and function on echocardiograms.
ASD ECHO ASSESSMENT renewed slideshow.pptx
1. ASD is classified based on location as ostium secundum (75%), ostium primum (15-20%), and sinus venosus (2-10%).
2. Genetic factors such as transcription factors NKX2.5, TBX5, GATA4,6, and environmental factors like gestational diabetes and medications increase risk of ASD.
3. Echocardiography is used to detect, characterize, and size ASD as well as assess for complications like pulmonary hypertension. Device closure is indicated for symptomatic or large defects.
Echo assesment of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation
A simple ppt presentation on echo assesment of AS and AR. Don forget to leave a comment if u find this ppt useful. - Dr. Praveen Babu, Vijaya HOspital, Chennai
Cardio renal-syndrome
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Echo assessment of aortic valve disease
This document discusses the echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve diseases. It describes how aortic stenosis is classified based on its location as valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular. It outlines the etiology of valvular aortic stenosis and discusses echocardiographic methods for assessing the severity of aortic stenosis including peak transvalvular velocity, mean transvalvular gradient, and aortic valve area using the continuity equation. The document also discusses the assessment of aortic regurgitation severity using measurements such as vena contracta width, regurgitant jet width and area, pressure half time, diastolic flow reversal, and regurgitant volume and fraction. Methods for
PAH echo - dr abhishek.pptx
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Low flow Aortic Stenosis-latest explanations
1. Low flow aortic stenosis can be caused by either low or normal ejection fraction and is an important entity that is often underdiagnosed.
2. Evaluation of low flow AS involves calculating aortic valve area using continuity equation in addition to gradients, as well as tests like dobutamine stress echocardiogram, CT calcium scoring, and novel markers of left ventricular function.
3. Treatment depends on symptom status and severity of stenosis, with aortic valve replacement generally recommended for symptomatic patients or asymptomatic patients with low ejection fraction, even in the presence of low flow and gradients.
pathophysiology of Left to right shunt
An endocardial cushion defect (ECD) is caused by a failure in the normal development of endocardial cushion tissue during fetal life. This can result in a ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), and clefts in the mitral and tricuspid valves. A primum ASD in ECD is similar to a secundum ASD, causing enlarged right heart chambers. Complete ECD results in biatrial and biventricular enlargement due to combined effects of ASD and VSD with possible mitral regurgitation. Physical exam findings include enlarged heart, murmurs, and signs of congestive heart failure. ECG may show biventricular
Echocardiography of Aortic stenosis
1) Aortic stenosis can be caused by bicuspid aortic valves, calcific degeneration, rheumatic fever, or congenital defects.
2) Echocardiography is used to evaluate aortic valve anatomy and function, assess stenosis severity, and measure left ventricular size and function.
3) Doppler ultrasound measures peak aortic jet velocity, mean pressure gradient, and calculates aortic valve area using the continuity equation to determine stenosis severity.
Percutaneous Valve implantation or Operation in aortic stenosis
1) This document describes the case of an 80-year-old male patient with severe aortic stenosis, mitral valve disease, and reduced left ventricular function who is being evaluated for treatment.
2) Echocardiography revealed severe aortic stenosis, mild aortic regurgitation, moderate-severe mitral regurgitation, and severe tricuspid regurgitation with a reduced ejection fraction of 30%.
3) Due to his age and comorbidities, the patient is at high surgical risk. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) may be a safer alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) plus mitral valve surgery.
CATH MEET PDA
This document discusses the case of a 2 year old male child presenting with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. On examination, a systolic murmur was heard. Echocardiogram showed a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) of size 8mm with left to right shunting. Cardiac catheterization found a Qp/Qs ratio of 1.83, confirming a left to right shunt. Post oxygen, the Qp/Qs ratio increased to 2.94, and PVR decreased, indicating reactivity. The document then discusses two other cases and provides information on indications for catheterization in PDA, angiographic views, classifications of PDA, and factors affecting shunting through a PDA
How to echo series....Aortic stenosis 2017 guidelines
This is my presentation on updated guidelines on echo assessment of aortic stenosis (EACVI/ASE) to echo department of my institute.
Carotid doppler
This document provides guidance on using ultrasound to assess the carotid arteries for atherosclerotic disease. It outlines the technical requirements, examination techniques, diagnostic criteria, and normal and abnormal findings. Doppler ultrasound is an accurate noninvasive method to diagnose high-grade carotid stenosis by measuring peak systolic velocities. Key findings include plaques that are hypoechoic or irregular in shape posing higher risk. Proper technique and accounting for vascular anomalies are important to avoid overestimating stenosis.
Pulmonary hypertension echo
1. Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 25 mm Hg at rest as measured by right heart catheterization. Severity is classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on pressure readings.
2. Echocardiography can be used to estimate pulmonary artery pressures and assess right heart structures for signs of pulmonary hypertension. Measurements like tricuspid regurgitation velocity, pulmonary regurgitation pressure gradient, and inferior vena cava size correlate with pulmonary artery pressures.
3. Additional findings on echo that indicate pulmonary hypertension include right ventricular dilation, septal flattening, reduced right atrial emptying, and pulmonary artery acceleration time. Together, echo findings can establish the diagnosis
aorticregurgitation-131030042922-phpapp02 (1).pptx
AR, or aortic regurgitation, occurs when the aortic valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left ventricle. It can be caused by damage to the aortic valve leaflets or distortion/dilation of the aortic root. In developed countries, the most common causes are aortic root dilation or a congenital bicuspid aortic valve. AR is more common in men than women. Symptomatic patients or asymptomatic patients with reduced ejection fraction or increased left ventricular dimensions require surgical treatment such as aortic valve replacement. The prognosis depends on symptoms and left ventricular function, with asymptomatic patients having normal ejection fraction having an excellent long-term prognosis.
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CURRENT INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE SEPSIS AND SEPTIC S...
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Echo assesment of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation
Echo assesment of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation
Percutaneous Valve implantation or Operation in aortic stenosis
Percutaneous Valve implantation or Operation in aortic stenosis
How to echo series....Aortic stenosis 2017 guidelines
How to echo series....Aortic stenosis 2017 guidelines
aorticregurgitation-131030042922-phpapp02 (1).pptx
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Echocardiography in aortic valve disease
- 1. E C H O C A R D I O G R A P H Y A S S E S S M E N T I N A O R T I C VA LV E D I S E A S E N AV Y L A K S M O N O
- 2. A N AT O M Y
- 3. E C H O A N AT O M Y
- 4. T E E
- 5. M E A S U R E M E N T O F A O R TA
- 6. A O R T I C R E G U R G I TAT I O N • Severe AR* • Jet width > 65% LVOT • Vena contracta >0.6cm • Holodiastolic flow reversal in proximal abdominal aorta • RVol > 60 ml/beat • RF > 50% • ERO > 0.3 cm2 • LV dilation *2017 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease (2014 guideline with 2017 focused update incorporated)
- 7. A O R T I C R E G U R G I TAT I O N
- 8. A O R T I C S T E N O S I S • Low flow low gradient severe AS with normal LVEF* • AVA < 1 cm2, Aortic Vmax <4m/s, Mean PG <40 • Index AVA < 0.6 cm2/m2, SV index <35 ml/m2 with normotensive (Systolic BP <140mmhg) *2017 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease (2014 guideline with 2017 focused update incorporated) • High gradient severe AS* • AVA < 1 cm2, Aortic Vmax > 4m/s, Mean PG > 40 • Low flow low gradient severe AS with reduced LVEF* • AVA < 1 cm2, Aortic Vmax <4m/s, Mean PG < 40 • DSE show AVA < 1 cm2 with Vmax > 4m/s
- 11. T H A N K Y O U