This document discusses the past, present, and future of e-books in academic libraries. It begins with an overview of the O.P. Jindal Global University library and its collections. It then outlines the evolution of e-books, from early digitization projects in the 1970s to the growing commercialization and adoption of e-books and e-readers in the 2000s. Key issues and trends are discussed, such as flexible business models, new features, and user acceptance of e-books. The document concludes by examining frameworks for managing e-book collections and provides examples of major e-book aggregator services.

1. E-Books in Academic Libraries
Past, present and the future
Buddhi Prakash Chauhan
Library Director,
O. P. Jindal Global University, Sonepat (Haryana)

2. Agenda
1. O. P. Jindal Global University
2. Evolution of E-book
3. E-book : evolving scenario and its
relevance to academic libraries
4. A brief introduction to selected e-book
services
5. Acquisition and management of e-books
collection in academic libraries
6. Questions

3. O. P. Jindal Global University (JGU)
Established under Haryana Private Universities (2nd Amendment) Act,
2009, in memory of Mr. O.P. Jindal as a philanthropic initiative of Mr.
Naveen Jindal, the Founding Chancellor.
• Jindal Global Law School (JGLS): BA-LL.B. (H), BBA-LLB, LL.B., LL.M
• Jindal Global Business School (JGBS): MBA, BBA+MBA
• Jindal School of International Affairs (JSIA): MA (DLB)
• Jindal School of Government & Public Policy (JSGP): MA (Pub Policy)
• Jindal School of Humanities & Liberal Arts (JSHL): B.A. (Liberal Arts)
• Jindal Institute of Leadership & Executive Education (JILDEE)

4. JGU-International collaborations
 Semester Exchange: 34 universities across
America, Latin America, Europe,Asia,Africa &
Australia Incl. Indiana. Cornell, Baltimore, California,
Temple, Sydney, Texas etc.
 Dual Degree: Indiana, Arizona,Texas, UCB,
Tilburg, and Rollins College
 Faculty Exchange: Harvard, Yale, Cornell,
Arizona

5. Global Library at JGU
www.jgu.edu.in/library
http://koha.jgu.edu.in
 45000+ print volumes.
 Subscribes to e-resources from over 20
publishers with a combined subscription
to 15000+ e-journals
 RFID based fully
automated operations

6. EVOLUTION OF E-BOOK

7. What is Electronic Book
A book composed in or converted to
digital format for display on a computer
screen or handheld device.
May include text, graphics, sound or movie
clips

8. Innovation and Technology
Development(1970-2000 )
 1971: Michael Hart founded Project Gutenberg, a
global coordinated volunteer effort to digitize and
distribute the great works, with a target of I million
books by 2015. The Purpose of Project Gutenberg, is
to encourage the creation and distribution of
electronic books, in public domain as well as
copyrighted works with permission.
 Earlier forms were MS-Word and PDF.
 Developments in world wide web, imaging , and
information storage and retrieval technologies also led
to new enterprises in e-content development
 TRIPS and country legislations to protect Digital Rights

9. Phase of Excitement & Commercial
Exploration (2000-2004)
 Sale of books and articles still under copyright.
◦ Amazon.com one of the earliest retailers started
selling e-books in 2000.
 Some aggregators like EBL and Ebrary
launched their services with a few hundred
titles in 2003-2004.
 However, the market was slow to develop, and
many publishers were reluctant to offer digital
versions of their works out of fear that they
would lose control of their distribution.

10. Phase of Trial & Growth (2005-2010)
 Tremendous increase in the pace of e-
content development.
 Many more collaborative projects like
Hathi Trust started for digitizing public
domain publications.
 A number of publishers started digitizing
their archival collections and started
planning to market in-print titles in e-book
form.
 Aggregators like EBL and Ebrary started
selling titles from multiple authors from
their versatile platforms offering innovative
features and business models

11. Phase of Trial & Growth (2005-2010)
 Development of E-book readers to improve reading
experience, & to manage digital rights
◦ 2007 : Kindle, a portable digital reader with built-in digital
rights management software to prevent users from
transferring their purchases in a readable form to others.
◦ 2009: Kindle-2 and Kindle DX,
◦ Sony, apple IPOD and IPHONE
 2009: Amazon announced plans to begin selling e-
books only in its Kindle or Mobipocket formats. Only.
Amazons’s first publishing line, AmazonEncore,
dedicated to popular self-published and out-of-print
books., competing with other publishers
 2011: Amazon reported that Kindle e-books were
outselling all printed books.

12. Phase of Trial & Growth-Business
Model
Publisher Libraries Users
No Risk Little demand, little
availabity
No significant
advantage over print
Print first Unattractive pricing Outdates
Very little revenues PrintV/S Electronic Lack of awareness

13. Phase of & Trial & Growth (2005-2010)
Issues concerning Libraries and Library
Users
 Ignorance of what e-books are available.
 Low awareness of the value and relevance
of e-books.
 Mismatch between what was on offer and
what was needed
 Uncertainty about acceptability of e-books
compared to printed books

14. Phase of & Trial & Growth (2005-2010)
Issues concerning Publishers & Distributors
 E-books taken as windfall business, after exhausting the
print market.
◦ Too few titles
◦ Mostly outdated and non selling titles
◦ Titles of bulk demand such as textbooks not covered
 E-book business and print business taken as two
entirely different market segments
 Play safe approach
 Under developed or complex access and discovery
platforms
 Inappropriate and unimaginative pricing models

15. Phase of & Trial & Growth (2005-2010)
 Print v/s electronic debate at its peak among the librarians.
Many studies were undertaken to evolve strategies and best
practices for e books collections in the libraries.
 2006: UK: Joint Information Systems Committee’s E-book
Working Group listed academic librarian’s expectations:
◦ Course material’, principally textbooks.
◦ Current titles
◦ Wider choice relevant to the academic community.
◦ Flexibility of purchase model
◦ Sensible charging bands or prices regime.
◦ Multiple and concurrent access for users.
◦ Easy access
◦ A more systematic way of discovering what e-books are available

16. Phase of Trial & Growth (2005-2010)
2008 study at University College London
 E-books were compared to traditional print
across a range of factors and scored very
favourably for ease of copying, currency,
space requirements, 24/7 accessibility,
convenience and ease of navigation.
 However e-books scored poorly compared
to print for ease of reading, ease of marking
a place and ease of annotation.
 45% preferred to read from screen

17. CURRENTTRENDS AND
EVOLVING SCENARIO

18. Driving forces for e-books: Libraries
 Declining use of print material,
 Constraints on library shelf space,
 Limited funds,
 Maintenance of printed books, and
 Acquisition, processing, storage, and archiving costs &
time
 Environmental concerns
 Users are more familiar with e-books than they were
before.
 User acceptability: Studies have shown that e-books
checkouts are many times higher than the printed books
 Libraries are setting aside substantial budget for e-books.

19. Technology Drivers
Distribution Speed, Cost, Flexibility and customization,
Business models, Add on features
Production • Cost
• Currency
• Multimedia
• Mixed contents
• Integration with LMS
• Digital Printing/Self publishing
Discovery • Sophisticated and user friendly interface
• OPAC import
• Alerts
• Chapter level and full text
• Resource discovery tools
E-Book Readers • E Book Readers: Kindle (Amazon), Nook
(Barnes & Noble), IPAD (Apple),
Smartphones,
• Online and offline Proprietary E-books
readers software
• Open Standards

20. New Product and Content Features
 Dynamic Contents: Multimedia, links, customization,
cross licensed items, LMS specific contents, disable friendly
features, format suitable for multiple devices
 Online readers, marking/highlighting, multiple option to
print and share,
 Discovery from library’s OPAC, Incorporation in LMS
 Peer review & recommendation
 Community contribution
 Chapter level/full text searching, title level/chapter level
relevance ranking
 Direct links to references, user contributed links
 Convergence of forms: More e-books available on subject
specific full text resources. Eg. Hein Online, Manupatra
(Law), EBSCO Host (Business)

21. Flexible & Customized Business
Models
◦ Subscriptions: Standard subject collections
/Customized collection
◦ Perpetual License
 Subject Collections, customized collection
 Pick and choose
 With or without recurring platform fee/update fee
◦ Patron Driven Acquisitions
◦ Rental /short term loans/Non Linear lending
>>Hybrid: Print Plus electronic??
 Differential pricing
>>deep discount for titles already purchased in print
>>Centralized/country level/consortium negotiated
prices

22. Publishing & Distribution
 More and more mainstream publishers (esp. with e-journals portfolio)
offering e-books collection. Many of them offering simultaneous Print and
Electronic.
>>Let customer decide
>> E-books will be preferred mode
>>Gradually content rather than form will be the focus
 More and more titles now available as Print on demand
>>Nothing will go out of print
 Separation of publishing , Production and distribution functions
>>More and more print distribution will take place from local franchisee
(even the local library) having digital printing facility reducing time and costs
 Aggregators like Ebrary and Overdrive continue to expand their reach and
provide innovative services. Small publishers are be able to use aggregators
platform to distribute their e-books.
 Self Publishing: Lightening source (Ingram), Create Space (Amazon), Lulu

23. Managing E-Books
A librarian’s job involves exploring new sources
of information, in the existing form or new
forms, for the purpose of preservation and
dissemination of knowledge.
Questions before a Librarian
 Does a new form provide any tangible or
intangible benefits over the existing form.
 Economic, Ease-of-use, Expansion, Efficiency, and Edge
 Are there any potential disadvantages, and
 How to develop a strategy to adopt and adapt
with the new form

24. E-books in academic libraries:
Decision matrix
Type Curren
cy
Archiv
alValue
Freque
ncy of
use
Print
Price
Target
users
Preferre
d form
Textbook Medium
-High
Low High Low Students/M
ass
Print
Courseware
(Muti-
media)
High Low High N/A Students/M
ass
Electronic
Monographs Medium
-low
High Medium
-High
Medium -
High
Professional
s
Print
Monographs Very
Low
Medium
- High
Low Researchers Electronic
Reference
Works
(multiledia)
High Low High Educators,
researchers,
students
Electronic

25. Framework for Management of e-
books
 Collection development Policy,
 Budget,
 Discovery
 Evaluation and selection
 License negotiations,
 Cataloging and delivery
 Marketing/promotion
 User education,
 Monitoring and reviewing,
 Renewals and cancellation.

26. The Way Forward
Studies have revealed that
 Neither forms replacing each other
 Differences in academic reading and leisure reading
 Need for more user-focused research on e-books to
understand how they are used rather than how often
they are used.A small number of titles account for a
large percentage of usage.
 Users' prior experience with e-books, perspectives
on desirable and undesirable e-book characteristics,
and preferences for print versus e-books as provided
by the libraries continue to vary.
 E-books have not yet achieved anything like the
market penetration of e-journals.

27. EBOOK RESOURCES:
SOME EXAMPLES

28. Ebrary (Proquest)
 Over 700,000 documents
 Purchase models
◦ Subscription (80,000 plus titles in various
subsets)
◦ Perpetual purchase
◦ Short loan
◦ Patron driven acquisition

29. E-book Library (Proquest)
 http://www.eblib.com/
 Over 420,000 titles from over 100 publishers
 Multiple concurrent access (Non-Linear
Lending)
 Demand Driven acquisition
 Short Term Circulation :
 pay-per-use model which provides a "just-in-time"
solution for libraries and patrons and a possible
alternative to interlibrary loan.
 Chapters for Reserve Lending, Course-packs etc. .

30. Overdrive
 www.overdrive.com
 Over 1000,000 titles from 2000
publishers for all type of devices and
readers
 Support services for libraries like
managing websites etc.

31. World E-book library
 http://community.ebooklibrary.org/
 The World eBook Library Collection
shelves more than 2,000,000+ PDF
eBooks and audiobooks in mp3 format in
100+ languages. Compatible with all PCs,
Laptops, PDAs, Kindle DX, Kindle 3
iPad/iPods, eReaders, and Smartphones

32. THANKYOU