This document discusses key topics related to eBooks in libraries, including: 1) Different eBook acquisition models libraries can use including subscription, perpetual access, patron-driven acquisition, and short-term loans. These models can aid in collection development and provide the best ROI. 2) Challenges of implementing eBooks including negotiating licenses, digital rights management, and ensuring access across platforms. Cooperation is needed between various library stakeholders. 3) Usage data from one library shows growing circulation of eBook readers and tablets over time, with iPad loans increasing over 60% in two years. This indicates rising student demand for eBooks.

1. Houeida Kammourié-Charara
InfoCommons Librarian
Lebanese American University
Zoë Loveland
Director – Academic Segment Planning for Europe, Middle East, Africa and Latin America
ProQuest

2. Vickery, B C. Scientific Communication in History. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 2000.

3. Vickery, B C. Scientific Communication in History. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 2000.

4. Borrowed from Daniel Forsman at Stellenbosch Symposium 2013 who borrowed from Lars Juhl Jensen
http://www.slideshare.netlarsjuhljensen/mining-biomedical-texts

5. Borrowed from Maslow and BBC http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23902918

6. Borrowed from Tony Davies ‘Ebooks Down Under’ Charleston
Conference
2013https://www.dropbox.com/s/dpsb3v6jk3xy6gr/Charleston%20Ebooks%20
Down%20Under.pptx

7. Monograph budgets in decline – squeeze by electronic journals,
databases, etc.
Lack of space in the library
Cost of keeping books on shelves
Web – changing users expectations
Use of print monographs low and in decline
Rise in expenditure on Interlibrary loan
Stretched resources
The Economy
7

9. Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines eBook as “a
book composed in or converted to digital
format for display on a computer screen or
handheld device”.
“An e-book is an electronic book that can be read
digitally on a computer screen, a special e-
book reader, a personal digital assistant
(PDA), or even a mobile phone” (Nelson, 2008).

10.  Portability: A large number of eBooks can be
carried in a portable device.
 Download-ability: Download chapters or
sections to a device for later use.
 Interactivity: Annotating, bookmarking
and highlighting.
 Simplicity: Ease of use of dedicated
eBook readers and Mobile devices.

11.  Searchability: Search within and across
eBook content.
 Timeliness: Fast access to relevant
content via keywords searching.
 Practicality: eBooks can be used anytime and
everywhere.
 Accessibility: eBooks provide an easy way of
accessing work at patrons
convenience and leisure.

12.  Cultural resistance mainly from “Digital
immigrants”
Piracy of eBook content
Ownership of eBook content
 Constraint of DRM software
 Acquisition/Cataloging processes and
decisions are time consuming
 Negotiating licenses for each different
platform and/or individual books.

13.  “libraries with foreign credit cards may be
unable to obtain certain titles” (Walters,
2013).
 Printing/Downloading restrictions are hard to
identify
 Cut-and-paste often disabled
 “previously acquired e-books may become
inaccessible if the user crosses into a
nation where the original license agreement
is not in force” (Walters, 2013).

14.  Subscription
 Purchase
 Subject Based Package
 Patron Driven
Acquisition (PDA) or
 Demand-Driven
Acquisition (DDA)
 Title by Title
 Pay-per-View
 Firm Order
 Number of Users
 Consortia Deals
Members of the Lebanese Academic Library Consortium (LALC) are working
together on subscribing to eBooks packages, such as ebrary, Safari, etc.
However purchasing eBooks and sharing them among LALC members is not
yet foreseeable.

15.  In AP librarians identify the parameters for new
titles (subject area, publisher, price, etc.), and the
vendors send fitting titles to the library which
review them for approval or rejection.
 AP profiles can be used for PDA offerings.
 Reduces cost of title acquisition.
 Over a period of perhaps 5 years, most
institutions, will have some money budgeted to
PDA, (Esposito, 2012).
PDA/DDA not yet practiced at Lebanese Libraries; Some libraries
are considering it so far.

16. Checkout
model
One user can lend
one title at a time,
unless library has
several copies to
satisfy demand.
Unlimited
access
Allowing
several users to
use the same
title at a time.

17. 2012 EPUB3
2010 EPUB 2.0.1
2007 EPUB 2.0 (close replica of print)
1999 Open eBook Publication Structure
(OEBPS)
MOBI, KF8, AZW and more…
“EPUB3 is an open standard that can be consumed on
multiple devices- computers, laptops, tablets,
dedicated e-readers, and smartphones-from multiple
vendors” (Polanka, 2013).

18. DRM is like a lock and key for digital content. The
media is locked, and you have to have the key to
unlock it. Imagine you purchased a DVD that works in
your home player; then your player breaks, you buy
another one, and your DVD will not play in it.
“It prevents legitimate customers from doing what
they want with their content while doing absolutely
nothing to the people who acquired the same content
illegally” (Griffey, 2010).
The most compelling reasons to bypass Digital Rights
Management is by purchasing eBooks hosted on the
publisher’s site.

19. “The preservation of e-books is especially difficult
because each e-book consists of several distinct
elements:
 Content and formatting of the work itself
 File format
 Software needed to access and use the file
 Operating system needed to run the software,
 Hardware compatible with the operating system”.
Gale Standing order for LAU is an example.

20. A pilot project of ILL of eBooks is currently in motion. It is a
collaboration between Texas Tech University, the University
of Hawaii at Manoa and the Greater Western Library Alliance
and Springer:
Occam's Reader
A software program (working with ILLiad) that allows
interlibrary loan of ebooks.
Currently working with .PDF documents only, with plans to
support other formats of electronic books and to develop a
stand-alone, web-based version of the system.

21. Sue Polanka identified three main vendor types:
Publishers: Direct price negotiation with no
intermediary. This process requires staff time, mainly
for licensing.
Aggregators: An Aggregator represents several
publishers, therefore will renegotiate with all publishers
any change in business models, or license terms.
Wholesalers: These are similar to aggregators because
they negotiate the licenses and track billing and
ordering (and shipping for print titles). But most do not
have an eBook interface, thus they sell access to eBooks
from multiple aggregators.

22. Publishers that
offer content
directly to
libraries
Elsevier
Oxford University
Press
Royal Society of
Chemistry
Springer
Cambridge University
Press
Specialist
aggregator
Knovel (engineering)
Safari (management
and technology)
Alexander Street Press
(social sciences and
humanities)
Large
aggregators
Dawsonera
EBL and ebrary
(ProQuest)
EBSCO (formerly
NetLibrary)
MyiLibrary (a
subsidiary of Ingram).
JSTOR
Project MUSE
Library
vendors (P+E)
Blackwell
Coutts
Swets
YBP

23.  Title Selection:
 Titles to be shifted/purchased are selected by Concerned
Librarians with the approval of the University Librarian.
 Content evaluation (excerpt/portion/one or two chapters
preview) through:
 Trial via IP (preferably) sent to all@lau, or via username and
password.
 Licensing: Before ordering, the library negotiates the
license agreement and makes sure Perpetual
Access/Archival Rights clause is to the benefit of the
library; and the cost of online format is justifiable.
 Ordering: Once ordered, and upon activation, the product
will be added to the Libraries website and an email to
all@lau will be sent to promote the newly added resource.

24. •Vendor’s version
of DRM is a major
barrier to eBooks
implementation.
•Librarians should
investigate the
license agreement
carefully.
DRM
• Addressing eBook
requires involvement
of IT units, librarians,
college stores,
faculty, and students.
• Any resentment from
any stakeholder, may
slow down the
process.
Cooperation
• Printing/Downloading
capabilities are not
unified among
publishers.
• This should be
investigated and
negotiated during
licensing process.
Printing

25. Understand your needs and goals:
 Space: Library needs to assign more space to students
 Meet Demand: Students are asking for more seats/PCs
 Extend print access: Circulate the Reference collection
 Specialized collection curation: Theses and
dissertation (I.R.)
Define your values and expectations
 Ownership vs. access: Having access to information is
more critical to users than owning the info.
 Libraries & ROI?
 What do you want to achieve? Our main goal is our
user satisfaction.
Set a budget and timeframe

26.  Founded in 1999 by Kevin Sayar &
Christopher Warnock
 Variety of models, products, and
services
◦ Subscription (ebrary pioneered
this e-book model)
◦ Perpetual archive
◦ Patron-driven acquisition
◦ Short-term loans
◦ SaaS and DASH!
 2011 became a ProQuest business
• Company founded in 1997 by Australian
booksellers
• EBL launched in 2004
• Variety of models, products, and services
• Perpetual Access
• Non-linear Lending Model (EBL
pioneered this e-book model)
• Demand-driven Acqusition (EBL
pioneered this model)
• Short-term loans (EBL pioneered
this model)
• May 2013 became a ProQuest business

27. Choice ∙ Experience ∙ Integration
Innovation ∙ Value ∙ Support

28. Researcher
PublisherLibrary
Discovery
Access
Research Tools
Maximise
Dissemination &
Revenue
Optimise Budget &
Streamline
Workflow

29. ILS VENDORS
• Intota
• OCLC
• Other ILS
vendors
SSO AND
AUTHENTICATION
• EZProxy
• Athens
• Shibboleth
ebrary/
EBL
BOOK VENDORS
• YBP
• Coutts
DISCOVERY
• Summon
• PQ platform
• Other Discovery
Services

31. [PA] Perpetual Archive
84% of titles have multiple
concurrent access
Extended Access™ for
single-user titles
Non-Linear™ Lending
Multiple simultaneous access
at or near hardback price
[SUB] Subscription
Affordable base, unlimited multi-user
access and continued growth
Subscriptions based on specific
industries, engineering disciplines,
business skills, and corporate
departments
[PDA/DDA]
Patron/Demand-driven
Acquisition
Just in time, not just in case
Sophisticated profiling tools
Flexible Short-term Loans (STL)
options
Diversifying models
aids in collection
development and
shows the greatest ROI
PDA/DDA
PA
SUB

32. 32
ISBNs – Cleaning, Matching, Reporting
Benefits – No duplicates, Space Saving, Collection
Development, Strategic Acquisition (Sub, DDA, Purchase,
NLL), Discounts, High Use

33. Several Lebanese academic libraries started the
purchase of eBooks, No official statistics yet.
Lack of financial means is influencing libraries not to
invest in eBooks.
Librarians may want to see how others are dealing
with eBooks, eBooks readers, platforms etc. before going live.
LAU Libraries were pioneersin circulating
eBooks readers/Tablets among students in academic
libraries in Lebanon.
Image Source:
http://www.itwebafrica.com/images/stories/ebookskenya.jpg

34. EReader Location Date received
# of Loans
2012
# of Loans
2014
% increase
Kindle 2.0.2 RNL 19-Feb-10 16 21 31.25%
Kindle DX Wireless (9.7") BY 7-Apr-10 0 2 0%
Sony reader RNL 13-Jan-11 2 3 50%
iPad RNL 17-Jan-11 481 796 65.48%
iPad RNL 17-Jan-11 501 808 61.27%
iPad BY 21-Jan-11 72 193 168.00%
iPad 2 RNL 25-Oct-11 106 566 439.04%
iPad 2 RNL 25-Oct-11 0 729 0%
iPad 2 BY 24-Jan-12 30 214 613.33%
Kindle 6.2.1 (kindlefire) RNL 30-Jan-12 0 8 0%
iPad 3 RNL 20-Feb-13 - 184 N/A
iPad 2 BY 10-Aprl-13 - 28 N/A
iPad 2 BY 2-Dec-13 - 9 N/A
iPad 3 BY 2-Dec-13 - 10 N/A

35. Conversion of print book (p-book) to e-book started
in 2000 with Encyclopaedia Britannica …ongoing process
2010-2011 # of eBooks: 121,553
2011-2012 # of eBooks: 137,208
2012-2013 # of eBooks: 182,126
Source: SerialsSolutions
Ebrary and SAFARI are entered as one entry in OPAC;
Springer is added at the title level.

36. OPAC Entries

37. Libraries need to expect and
embrace change with all its
challenges and opportunities.
Implementing eBooks successfully
is challenge #1in this decade.

38. Carreiro, E. (2010). Electronic books: How digital devices and supplementary new technologies are
changing the face of the publishing industry. Publishing Research Quarterly, 26(4), 219-235.
Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://www.springerlink.com/content/815l71g801370q2u/
E-book. Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Retrieved March 16, 2014, from
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/e-book
Esposito, J. (2012). The Faculty’s Role in Patron-driven Acquisitions, The Scholarly Kitchen.
Retrieved February 28, 2014, from http://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2012/02/08/the-
facultys-role-in-patron-driven-acquisitions/
Griffey, J. (2010). Electronic book readers. Library Technology Reports, 46(3), 7-19, 2. Retrieved
February 10, 2014, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/202709359?accountid=27870
Kelley, M., Fialkoff, F., & Miller, R. (2011). The ebook opportunity. Library Journal, 136(19), 36-n/a.
Retrieved February 20, 2014, from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/902852500?accountid=27870
Li, C., Poe, F., Potter, M., Quigley, B., & Wilson, J. (2011, May). UC Libraries Academic e-Book Usage
Survey. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from
http://www.cdlib.org/services/uxdesign/docs/2011/academic_ebook_usage_survey.pdf
Miller, R. (2011). Dramatic growth. Library Journal, 136(17), 32-32. Retrieved February 11, 2014,
from http://search.proquest.com/docview/896338418?accountid=27870

39. Nelson, M. R. (2008). E-books in higher education: Nearing the end of the era of hype? Educause
Review, 43(2). Retrieved March 24, 2014, from http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/e-
books-higher-education-nearing-end-era-hype.
Polanka, S., (Ed.). (c2011). No shelf required: E-books in libraries. Chicago: American Library
Association.
Polanka, S. (2013). What Librarians Need to Know About EPUB3. Online Searcher, 70-72.
http://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/ul_pub/159
Polanka, S. (2011). Purchasing E-books in libraries: A maze of opportunities and challenges. Library
Technology Reports, 47(8), 4-7, 58. Retrieved February 17, 2014, from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/908429942?accountid=27870.
Price, J. S. (2011). Patron driven acquisition of publisher-hosted content: Bypassing DRM. Retrieved
March 1, 2012, from
http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=library_staff.
Rapp, D. (2011). Digital Book World Panels Tackle Libraries. Library Journal, 136(4),16. Retrieved
March 1, 2012, from http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/ljinprint/currentissue/889052-
403/infotech_digital_book_world_panels.html.csp
Walters, W. H. (2013). E-books in Academic Libraries: Challenges for Acquisition and
Collection Management. Portal: Libraries and the Academy, 13(2). 187–211.

40. Please feel free to contact us
@
houeida.charara@lau.edu.lb & zoe.loveland@proquest.com
A copy of this presentation will be available online on slideShare
http://www.slideshare.net/houeidakam/
Nesbitt said "People who are digital natives, if they can't find it
through the library they are going to go elsewhere…” (Kelley, M.,
Fialkoff, F., & Miller, R. 2011).