Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans.
EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 90%.
EVD outbreaks occur primarily in remote villages in Central and West Africa, near tropical rainforests.
The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission.
Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to be the natural host of the Ebola virus.
Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. No licensed specific treatment or vaccine is available for use in people or animals.
Presentation bumpsa 2015-symposium - effect of global travel on health _ the ...Gordon Takop Nchanji
The aim of the presentation was to create awareness about the interaction between health and travel. Here, particular emphasis is on infectious diseases. Read and digest. Comments are welcomed.
Fighting Against Ebola: Public Health and NepalMMC, IOM, Nepal
Ebola is not just a clinical manifestation but is seen as more of a Global health injustice issue to developing nations. And, Nepal being one of those developing nations, is it ready for the potential Ebola outbreak?
In light of the H7N9 , the Yale-Tulane ESF #8 Planning and Response Program has produced a special report on A(H7N9).The Yale-Tulane ESF #8 Program is a multi-disciplinary, multi-center, graduate-level, program designed to produce ESF #8 planners and responders with standardized skill sets that are consistent with evolving public policy, technologies, and best practices. The group that produced this summary and analysis of the current situation are graduate students from Yale and Tulane Universities. It was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.
Presentation bumpsa 2015-symposium - effect of global travel on health _ the ...Gordon Takop Nchanji
The aim of the presentation was to create awareness about the interaction between health and travel. Here, particular emphasis is on infectious diseases. Read and digest. Comments are welcomed.
Fighting Against Ebola: Public Health and NepalMMC, IOM, Nepal
Ebola is not just a clinical manifestation but is seen as more of a Global health injustice issue to developing nations. And, Nepal being one of those developing nations, is it ready for the potential Ebola outbreak?
In light of the H7N9 , the Yale-Tulane ESF #8 Planning and Response Program has produced a special report on A(H7N9).The Yale-Tulane ESF #8 Program is a multi-disciplinary, multi-center, graduate-level, program designed to produce ESF #8 planners and responders with standardized skill sets that are consistent with evolving public policy, technologies, and best practices. The group that produced this summary and analysis of the current situation are graduate students from Yale and Tulane Universities. It was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.
Overview of recent outbreaks of H5N8-High Pathogen Avian Influenza in Europe...Harm Kiezebrink
Updated outbreak assessment on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: Europe, America and the Middle East. By the DEFRA, Veterinary & Science Policy Advice Team - International Disease Monitoring.
Newcastle Disease: Present status and future challenges for developing countriesSyed Tajamal Naqvi
سید تجمل حسین نقوی
Ashraf, A1. and Shah, M. S.2*
1Department of Wild Life and Fisheries, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Comparing the Coronavirus pandemic in New Zealand and Iraq: A Preventive Medi...Vedica Sethi
The first cases of COVID-19 pandemic were identified in people with pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. It is first and foremost the most publicized pandemic, which has taken the lives of many people. It has thrown everyone into doubt and has created a collective moment of contemplation about the future. The clinical enlistment organization MedWorld of New Zealand offered for resigned and low maintenance specialists to help endeavors by the health care division and Government to battle the spread of COVID-19, in New Zealand. ( ) Starting in April, more than 20,000 tests have been done in Iraq in general (counting the Kurdistan Region), with 1202 of them turning out positive. Of those tests, half of the,m were finished by the Kurdish Ministry of Health, which implies that the other tests were finished by the Iraqi Ministry of Health. ( ) While KRG populace has been tried, just 0.05% of the remainder of the nation has been tried, along these lines featuring the conceivable difference between absolute positive case numbers between locales. Iraq is considered "particularly powerless against the plague due to being desolated" – by war and United Nations sanctions, and by partisan clash in the course of recent decades.
This paper primarily focuses on analyzing the accessible information through research papers, peer- reviewed and non-peer reviewed to understand the pandemic affecting two different countries like New Zealand- a developed country and Iraq- a developing country.
Strongyloidiasis after corticosteroid therapy: A case reportPavan Lomati
Strongyloides hyperinfection requires prompt diagnosis and initiation of antihelmintic therapy. Even with appropriate therapy, the mortality in disseminated Strongyloidiasis is much higher. In light of this, appropriate screening of high risk individual should be carried out prior to the initiation of therapy that is associated with immunosuppression.
Overview of recent outbreaks of H5N8-High Pathogen Avian Influenza in Europe...Harm Kiezebrink
Updated outbreak assessment on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: Europe, America and the Middle East. By the DEFRA, Veterinary & Science Policy Advice Team - International Disease Monitoring.
Newcastle Disease: Present status and future challenges for developing countriesSyed Tajamal Naqvi
سید تجمل حسین نقوی
Ashraf, A1. and Shah, M. S.2*
1Department of Wild Life and Fisheries, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Comparing the Coronavirus pandemic in New Zealand and Iraq: A Preventive Medi...Vedica Sethi
The first cases of COVID-19 pandemic were identified in people with pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. It is first and foremost the most publicized pandemic, which has taken the lives of many people. It has thrown everyone into doubt and has created a collective moment of contemplation about the future. The clinical enlistment organization MedWorld of New Zealand offered for resigned and low maintenance specialists to help endeavors by the health care division and Government to battle the spread of COVID-19, in New Zealand. ( ) Starting in April, more than 20,000 tests have been done in Iraq in general (counting the Kurdistan Region), with 1202 of them turning out positive. Of those tests, half of the,m were finished by the Kurdish Ministry of Health, which implies that the other tests were finished by the Iraqi Ministry of Health. ( ) While KRG populace has been tried, just 0.05% of the remainder of the nation has been tried, along these lines featuring the conceivable difference between absolute positive case numbers between locales. Iraq is considered "particularly powerless against the plague due to being desolated" – by war and United Nations sanctions, and by partisan clash in the course of recent decades.
This paper primarily focuses on analyzing the accessible information through research papers, peer- reviewed and non-peer reviewed to understand the pandemic affecting two different countries like New Zealand- a developed country and Iraq- a developing country.
Strongyloidiasis after corticosteroid therapy: A case reportPavan Lomati
Strongyloides hyperinfection requires prompt diagnosis and initiation of antihelmintic therapy. Even with appropriate therapy, the mortality in disseminated Strongyloidiasis is much higher. In light of this, appropriate screening of high risk individual should be carried out prior to the initiation of therapy that is associated with immunosuppression.
An introduction to the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak for educational use, with additional sources for health professionals in need of up-to-date information.
Updated on 7th December, 2014, with additional infographics and WHO data.
Infographics may be requested for professional use on a creative commons/source attribution basis (micrognome.priobe.net). An interactive version will be available for educational use via the Nearpod share site.
Avian Influenza H7N9
Winnifred Brefo-kesse
Hlth 626
March 31, 2019
Professor Hughes
Part I: THE SITUATION ASSESSMENT
In February and March 2013, a novel influenza A (H7N9) virus emerged in China, causing an acute respiratory distress syndrome and occasionally multiple organ failure with high fatality rates in humans (Li et al., 2014). A total of 681 laboratory-confirmed cases and 275 deaths have been reported as of November 13th, 2015, with a fatality rate of 40% (http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/HAI_Risk_Assessment/en/). H7N9 has been evolving and established amongst chickens in China over the past two years with occasional human infections (Lam et al., 2015; Su et al., 2015), thus posing a threat to public health. In the absence of an annually-updated effective vaccine, antiviral drugs constitute the first line of defense against H7N9 infections. H7N9 viruses already possess natural resistance to M2-ion channel blockers (amantadine and rimantadine) when it first emerged in 2013 (Gao et al., 2013). Therefore, neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), which include oseltamivir (TamifluH), zanamivir (RelenzaH) and peramivir constitute the main antiviral drugs against H7N9 infections (Hu et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2013). However, treatment with NAIs against H7N9 infections has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant mutant viruses, as soon as 1~9 days after administration (Gao et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2013). Moreover, the first H7N9 isolate (A/Shanghai/1/2013(H7N9), SH-H7N9) was resistant to oseltamivir (Gao et al., 2013). Avian influenza A H7 viruses are a group of viruses that is mostly found amongst birds. The H7N9 virus is a subgroup of the H7 viruses and was recently discovered in China. There were three cases discovered in March of 2013 which ultimately increased in May by 132 cases. Of those cases, the 39 infected, died because of the virus (Peipei Song1, 2013). The clinical features described in the three patients with H7N9 virus infection, included fulminant pneumonia, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, multi-organ failure, rhabdomyolysis, and encephalopathy, are very troubling (Timothy M. Uyeki, 2013). As of now, this virus has reached stage two of three which is poultry passing the virus to humans. There is one more stage left which is human to human transmission which the Chinese health officials have confirmed it is not yet occurring. Creating an anti-virus takes a lot of time and until then public health officials should create new tactics in battling this epidemic.
Since there isn’t an anti-virus for the H7N9 virus, different health policies must be put in place to control the outbreak as well as preventative strategies from escalating. This vir.
Ebola Outbreak in Liberia : August 2014Amit Bhagat
This report is about the Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) (also known as Ebola Hemmorhagic fever) in Liberia, which occurred mainly in most parts of the West Africa starting from Guinea and reaching to heart of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria and most other places. EVD is an epidemic disease and also highly infectious. This disease is very severe, rare and deadly, with a fatality rate of approx 90%. There is no such cure or vaccine is present, only some experimental drugs have been using (till date). Thus, many organizations viz WHO, CDC, Red Cross etc are working for prevention and relief of patients to fight against this epidemic disease.
In light of the Ebola Outbreak in Guinea and Liberia the Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program has produced this special report.The Yale-Tulane ESF #8 Program is a multi-disciplinary, multi-center, graduate-level, program designed to produce ESF #8 planners and responders with standardized skill sets that are consistent with evolving public policy, technologies, and best practices. The group that produced this summary are graduate students from Yale.
Travel-related infectious diseases on the rise
International travel has an important role in the transmission of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases across geographical areas.
Since 1980, the world has been threatened by different waves of emerging disease epidemics.
In the twenty-first century, these diseases have become an increasing global concern because of their health and economic impacts in both developed and resource-constrained countries.
It is difficult to stop the occurrence of new pathogens in the future due to the interconnection among humans, animals, and the environment.
As many as 43%–79% of travelers to low- and middle-income countries become ill with a travel-related health problem.
Although most of these illnesses are mild, some travelers become sick enough to seek care from a health care provider.
Nipah virus (Niv) is a zoonotic virus that can spread between animals and people. Fruit bats, also called flying foxes, are the NIV reservoir among animals in nature. Spread of disease occurs from the infected fruit bats to other animals, such as pigs, and from infected animals to humans. The infection occurs through contaminated fruits by the animal's body fluids such as saliva, urine, or blood. Therefore, the initial spread is from animals to humans and then within humans.
Thus, the infection caused by Niv results in milder to severe illness ranging from acute respiratory tract infection to severe brain encephalitis (swelling of the brain). The Nipah outbreaks were most commonly observed in parts of Asia, primarily India and Bangladesh. This outbreak reported 40-75% of deaths in 1998 and 2018.
Past outbreaks
Nipah virus (NiV) was first identified in Malaysia and Singapore following an outbreak of disease in pigs and people in 1999. This outbreak resulted in more than 100 deaths and nearly 300 infected cases in people. More than a million pigs were killed to control further outbreaks of disease, and there have been no outbreaks in both countries since 1999.
In 2001, an annual outbreak of the disease was observed in Bangladesh. It was also periodically identified in India. The quick spread of the virus from animals to humans raised concern about NIV and made it a global pandemic.
Transmission
The first known outbreak in Singapore and Malaysia was through direct contact with the Nipah (Niv) infected pigs or their body fluids. It identified that the infected pigs got the Niv strain from bats, which subsequently resulted in transmission of the viral strains from pigs to humans by their unprotected exposure to infected animal species, which in turn led to a severe health issue in contact with humans that was even fatal due to unavailability of proper medications or vaccinations. There was no report of person-person transmission of disease in the outbreak.
Whereas person-person transmission was first reported in India (2001) and Bangladesh (2001-2008) by consumption of fruits and vegetables contaminated by the body fluids of infected animals caused Nipah virus infection.
The spread of the Nipah virus (NiV) from people was through the following causes:
• Direct contact with infected animals or their body fluids (such as bats or pigs).
• Consumption of fruits or vegetables contaminated by the body fluids of infected animals (such as palm sap).
• Close or direct contact with Niv infected person infected their body fluids (such as nasal droplets, blood, or urine).
Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms commonly appear 4-14 days after exposure to the virus. However, in many cases incubation period as long as 45 days has been reported.
Symptoms may initially include one or several of the following for 3-14days:
• Fever
• Headache
• Vomiting
Signs of respiratory illness:
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Difficulty breathing
Nipah virus (NiV) causes the deadly viral zoonotic infectious disease called Nipah, that can transmit from animals to humans.
Animals such as bats, most commonly the fruit bats called as flying fox and pigs were the acting carriers of Niv.
Nipah viral infection in humans results in range of clinical presentations such as asymptomatic infection (subclinical) to acute respiratory infection and fatal encephalitis.
This infection has about 40 to 75% fatality rate, which can be varied depending on the local capabilities for epidemiological surveillance and clinical management.
Presently approved treatment or vaccination is unavailable for infected rather than supportive care.
Therefore, the disease calls out for an urgent need for an approved treatment regimen for a proper cure of the disease. As stated by the 2018 annual review of the WHO R&D Blueprint list of priority diseases.
First Case :Treatment of Sever Refracroy CDF Colitis
Second Case : Intrathecal or Intraventricular colistin for CNS Infection with PDR/MDR acinetobacter baumannii.
The First Case Report : Mycobacterium riyadhense Pneumonia First Miss Identified as a Mycobacterium Terrae in Newly Diagnosed HIV Patient .
First Case Report
Prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV patients - Toxoplasmosis .
Updated guide lines for treatment of Toxoplasmosis in HIV patient accodring to DHHS guide lines 2013 and other recommendations
Prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV patients - Toxoplasmosis .
Updated guide lines for treatment of Toxoplasmosis in HIV patient accodring to DHHS guide lines 2013 and other recommendations
More from King Abdualziz Medical City -National Guard Health Affairs (11)
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
1. Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Deadly African Virus
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
2. Historical Background
Ebola first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, first in Nzara which is small town
in south of Sudan which infected over 284 people, with a mortality rate of 53%.
After view month another out break occurred in Yambuku in Democratic Republic of Congo.
The latter was in a village situated near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its
name
In Congo outbreak 318 people infected with highest mortality rate of 88% .
www.who.int
WWW.web.stanford.edu
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
3. Ebola Outbreaks
24 outbreaks reported by WHO from 1976 till 2012 .
first outbreak occurred in Sudan( Newly south of Sudan ) and Democratic
Republic of Congo with mortality rate of 53% and 88% respectively .
Countries involved in outbreaks was , Sudan , Congo , Uganda ,Gabon , South
Africa ( one case in 1996 ) and Cote d'Ivoire ( one case in 1994).
No case reported out of Africa till 2012 .
The maximum No of infected patients was 425 in Uganda outbreak 2000 .
www.who.int
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
4. Ebola 2014 Outbreak
August 1, 2014, the Guinea Ministry of Health announced a total of 485
suspect and confirmed cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD), including 358 fatal
cases.
340 cases across Guinea have been confirmed by laboratory testing to be
positive for Ebola virus infection.
August 1, 2014, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation of Sierra Leone and
WHO reported a cumulative total of 646 suspect and confirmed cases,
including 540 laboratory confirmations and 273 reported fatal cases.
www.cdc.gov update 4th August 2014
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
5. August 1, 2014, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Liberia and WHO
have reported 468 suspect and confirmed EHF cases (including 129 laboratory
confirmations) and 255 reported fatalities.
August 1, 2014, the Nigerian Ministry of Health and WHO reported 4 suspect
and probable cases and 1 fatal probable case.
Nigerian Suspected and Confirmed Case Count are 4 .
www.cdc.gov update 4th August 2014
7. Genus of Ebola Virus
Genus Ebolavirus is 1 of 3 members of the
Filoviridae family (filovirus), along with
genus Marburgvirus and genus Cuevavirus.
Genus Ebolavirus comprises 5 distinct
species:
1-Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV)
2-Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV)
3-Reston ebolavirus (RESTV)
4-Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV)
5-Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV).
www.who.int
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th
August 2014
8. Bundibugyo , Zaire and Sudan Ebola virus species are associated with have
with large Ebola virus disease outbreaks in Africa .
Reston ebolavirus (RESTV) and Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV) have not
associated with EVD in Africa .
The RESTV species, found in Philippines and the People’s Republic of China,
can infect humans, but no illness or death in humans from this species has
been reported to date.
www.who.int
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
9. Transmission of EVD .
Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the
blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals.
In Africa, infection has been documented through the handling of infected
chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines
found ill or dead or in the rainforest.
Ebola spreads in the community through human-to-human transmission, with
infection resulting from direct contact (through broken skin or mucous
membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of
infected people, and indirect contact with environments contaminated with
such fluids.
www.who.int
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
10. Burial ceremonies in which mourners have direct contact with the body of the
deceased person can also play a role in the transmission of Ebola.
Men who have recovered from the disease can still transmit the virus through
their semen for up to 7 weeks after recovery from illness.
Health-care workers have frequently been infected while treating patients with
suspected or confirmed EVD.
However, the only available evidence available comes from healthy adult males.
It would be premature to extrapolate the health effects of the virus to all
population groups, such as immuno-compromised persons, persons with underlying
medical conditions, pregnant women and children.
www.who.int
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
11.
12. Natural host of Ebola virus
In Africa, fruit bats, particularly
species of the genera Hypsignathus
monstrosus, Epomops franqueti
and Myonycteris torquata, are
considered possible natural hosts
for Ebola virus.
www.who.int
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh
6th August 2014
13. Signs and Symptoms of Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever
Fever (90%-100%)
Headache (40%-90%)
Chills
Myalgia/arthralgia (40%-80%)
Malaise (75%-85%)
Pharyngitis (20%-40%)
Loss of appetite
Vomiting (59%)
Hematemesis (10%-40%)
Non-bloody diarrhea (81%)
http://web.stanford.edu/group/virus/filo/humandiseases.htm
l Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
14. Blood fails to clot (71%-78%)
Abdominal pain (60-80%)
Dry and sore throat (63%)
Chest pain (83%)
Hemorrhagic diathesis (71%-78%)
Maculopapular rash (5%-20%)
Hiccups (15 %)
Hepatic damage
Renal failure
http://web.stanford.edu/group/virus/filo/humandiseases.html
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
15. CNS involvement (infrequently)
Terminal shock
Lymphopenia
Severe thrombocytopenia
Transaminase elevation
Hyperamylasemia
During the convalescent stage:
1-Loss of memory
2-Central nervous system disorders
3-Loss of hair
http://web.stanford.edu/group/virus/filo/humandiseases.html
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
16. Diagnosis
Ebola virus infections can be diagnosed definitively in a laboratory through
several types of tests:
1-antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
2-antigen detection tests
3-serum neutralization test
4-reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
5-electron microscopy
6-virus isolation by cell culture.
www.who.int
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
17. Treatment
No specific treatment is available .
Standard treatment for Ebola HF is still limited to supportive therapy. This
consists of:
1-balancing the patient’s fluids and electrolytes
2-maintaining their oxygen status and blood pressure
3-treating them for any complicating infections .
www.cdc.gov
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
18. During the 1995 Ebola Zaire outbreak in Kikwit, whole blood from
convalescent patients was administered to eight patients late in their clinical
course . Only one patient died, suggesting that even small amounts of
transfused blood had a beneficial effect. However, a subsequent analysis
demonstrated that, due to good prognostic factors, these patients would have
likely survived without any intervention .
convalescent serum , interferon-alpha , Ribavirin , immune globulin and
plasma exchange are tried but not provided evidence of therapeutic efficacy
.
www.uptodate.com
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
19. Post exposure prophylaxis
At this time, there are no FDA-approved forms of post exposure prophylaxis
for Ebola HF.
In Animal experiments Interferon-alpha showed effectiveness .
In a very promising approach to postexposure prophylaxis, an experimental
live-virus vaccine has been developed using recombinant vesicular stomatitis
virus (VSV) encoding the Marburg or Ebola surface glycoproteins. A single
injection is completely protective as a standard preexposure vaccine
www.uptodate.com
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014
20. Infection Control
Controlling infection in health-care settings
it is important that health-care workers
apply standard precautions consistently
with all patients – regardless of their
diagnosis – in all work practices at all
times .
These include basic hand hygiene,
respiratory hygiene, the use of personal
protective equipment and safe injection
practices and safe burial practices.
When in close contact (within 1 metre) of
patients with EBV, health-care workers
should wear face protection (a face shield
or a medical mask and goggles), a clean,
non-sterile long-sleeved gown, and gloves
(sterile gloves for some procedures).
www.who.int
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh
6th August 2014
21. face shields or surgical masks and eye
protection (e.g., goggles or eyeglasses
with side shields) should be worn by
persons coming within approximately 3
feet of the patient.
Patients who are hospitalized or treated
in an outpatient healthcare setting should
be placed in a private room and Standard,
Contact, and Droplet Precautions should
be initiated .
Nonessential staff and visitors should be
restricted from entering the room of
patients with suspected VHF.
www.cdc.gov/vhf/abroad/pdf/vhf-interim-
guidance.pdf-2005.
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh
6th August 2014
22. Laboratory workers are also at
risk.
Samples taken from suspected
human and animal Ebola cases for
diagnosis should be handled by
trained staff and processed in
suitably equipped laboratories.
www.who.int
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh
6th August 2014
23. Reducing the risk of Ebola infection in people
raising awareness of the risk factors for
Ebola infection and the protective
measures individuals can take is the only
way to reduce human infection and death.
Reducing the risk of wildlife-to-human
transmission from contact with infected
fruit bats or monkeys/apes and the
consumption of their raw meat
handled with gloves and other
appropriate protective clothing. Animal
products (blood and meat) should be
thoroughly cooked before consumption.
www.who.int
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th
August 2014
24. Reducing the risk of human-to-human
transmission in the
community arising from direct or
close contact with infected
patients, particularly with their
bodily fluids. Close physical
contact with Ebola patients should
be avoided.
Gloves and appropriate personal
protective equipment should be
worn when taking care of ill
patients at home and burial of the
dead .
www.who.int
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh
6th August 2014
25. Ebola Reported
Outside Africa
Ebola in Saudi Arabia
Ebola in Saudi Arabia
Ebola in Saudi Arabia
Ebola in Saudi Arabia
Ebola in Saudi Arabia
Ebola in Saudi Arabia
Ebola in Saudi Arabia
Ebola in Saudi Arabia
Ebola in Saudi Arabia
Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh
6th August 2014
26.
27.
28. Dr. Hythum Salah H. Mohamed -- NGHA -KAMC-Riyadh 6th August 2014