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Earths Internal Structure for Grade 10 Learners.pptx

This document provides information about the internal structure of the Earth. It begins with objectives to describe the Earth's interior and the process of convection currents in the mantle. It then provides details on the composition and thickness of each layer, including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It describes concepts like density, temperature, and convection currents. The document contains diagrams illustrating the layers and quizzes to test comprehension. In summary, it outlines the layers within the Earth and some of the geological processes occurring in its interior.

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OBJECTIVE: Describe the Internal structure of the Earth. (S10ES-Ia-j-36.5)
EARTH’S INTERIOR
SPELLING TIME!
ASTHENOSPHERE
MANTLE
UPWARD
DENSITY
CONVECTION CURRENT
OBJECTIVE: Describe the process of Convection Current in the mantle. (S10ES-Ia-j-36.5)
CONVECTION CURRENT
COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH’S INTERIOR CRUST OUTER CORE MANTLE INNER CORE 40 km thickness 2900 km thickness 2200 km thickness 1278 km thickness Illustration above shows the relative thickness of the different layers of the Earth.
CRUST
CONTINENTAL CRUST Si, O, Al, Ca, Na, and K 35-40 kilometers thick Less dense rocks - Granite
OCEANIC CRUST 7-10 kilometers thick which its average thickness is 8 kilometers Denser rocks - Basalt
MANTLE
MANTLE Silicate rocks Extends to about 2900 kilometers from the Earth’s surface. Fe, Si, Mg, and O
MANTLE Lower part of the mantle consists of more iron than the upper part. The lower mantle is denser than the upper portion.
MANTLE Beneath the lithosphere lies the soft, weak layer, made of hot molten material. Its temperature is about 300 – 800˚C. Facilitates the movement of the lithospheric plates. ASTHENOSPHERE
SIMULATING PLASTICITY
The ability of the asthenosphere to flow slowly. PLASTICITY
QUIZ TIME!!!
1. What makes up the Lithosphere? a. Continental crust b. Crust and the Upper mantle c. Oceanic and Continental crust d. Upper mantle
2. It is the ability of the asthenosphere to flow slowly. a. Convection current b. Plasticity c. Pressure Freezing d. Subduction
3. The thickest layer of the Earth. a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
4. What element has the most abundant percentage in the Earth’s crust? a. Aluminum b. Oganesson c. Oxygen d. Silicon
5. Soft, weak layer, made of hot molten material on the upper mantle. a. Molten Iron and Nickel b. Magma c. Lithosphere d. Asthenosphere
LET’S CHECK!
1. What makes up the Lithosphere? a. Continental crust b. Crust and the Upper mantle c. Oceanic and Continental crust d. Upper mantle
2. It is the ability of the asthenosphere to flow slowly. a. Convection current b. Plasticity c. Plate tectonics d. Subduction
3. The thickest layer of the Earth. a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
4. What element has the most abundant percentage in the Earth’s crust? a. Aluminum b. Oganesson c. Oxygen d. Silicon
5. Soft, weak layer, made of hot molten material on the upper mantle. a. Molten Iron and Nickel b. Magma c. Lithosphere d. Asthenosphere
CORE Subdivided into 2 Layers: OUTER CORE INNER CORE
OUTER CORE Fe, Ni (molten/liquid) 2900 kilometers below the Earth’s surface 2250 kilometers thick 2000˚C temperature
OUTER CORE The outer core is mainly made up of iron and nickel moving around the solid inner core, creating Earth’s magnetic field (magnetism).
INNER CORE Fe, Ni (solid) 1300 kilometers thick Iron and nickel are believed to have solidified as a result of pressure freezing, which is common to liquids subjected under tremendous pressure. 5000˚C temperature
What tells us that the inner core is made up of iron?
Some clues that the inner core and the outer core are made up of iron include the following:  Iron and nickel are both dense and magnetic.
Some clues that the inner core and the outer core are made up of iron include the following:  The overall density of the earth is much higher than the density of the rocks in the crust. This suggests that the inside must be made up of something denser than rocks.
Some clues that the inner core and the outer core are made up of iron include the following: Meteorite analysis have revealed that the most common type is chondrite. Chondrite contains iron, silicon, magnesium and oxygen; some contains nickel. The whole earth and the meteorite roughly have the same density, thus the Earth’s mantle rock and a meteorite minus its iron, have the same density.
QUIZ TIME!!!
1. Miners dig into the Earth in search for precious rocks and minerals. In which layer is the deepest explorations made by miners? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
2. The layer which is made up of molten (liquid) Iron and Nickel? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
3. Iron and nickel are believed to have solidified because of under tremendous pressure which is common to liquids. a. Convection current b. Plasticity c. Pressure Freezing d. Subduction
4. A layer which is made up of iron and nickel moving around, creating Earth’s magnetic field (magnetism). a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
5. How do you compare the densities of the Earth’s crust, mantle and core? a. The mantle is less dense than the core but denser than the crust. b. The mantle is less dense than both the core and the crust. c. The mantle is denser than the core but less dense than the crust. d. The mantle is denser than both the core and the crust.
LET’S CHECK!
1. Miners dig into the Earth in search for precious rocks and minerals. In which layer is the deepest explorations made by miners? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
2. The layer which is made up of molten (liquid) Iron and Nickel? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
3. Iron and nickel are believed to have solidified because of under tremendous pressure which is common to liquids. a. Convection current b. Plasticity c. Pressure Freezing d. Subduction
4. A layer which is made up of iron and nickel moving around, creating Earth’s magnetic field (magnetism). a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
5. How do you compare the densities of the Earth’s crust, mantle and core? a. The mantle is less dense than the core but denser than the crust. b. The mantle is less dense than both the core and the crust. c. The mantle is denser than the core but less dense than the crust. d. The mantle is denser than both the core and the crust.
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RESULTS ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS OBJECTIVES TABLE OF CONTENTS You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here 01 03 02 04
You can give a brief description of the topic you want to talk about here. For example, if you want to talk about Mercury, you can say that it’s the smallest planet in the entire Solar System INTRODUCTIO N
-SOMEONE FAMOUS “This is a quote, words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get inspired.”
AWESOM E WORDS
VENUS MARS MERCURY STUDY OBJECTIVES It’s the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun
THEORY 1 THEORY 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System. The name has nothing to do with the liquid metal Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky
VENUS SATURN MARS NEPTUN E SCHEDULE 01 02 03 04 Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun
METHODOLOGY Despite being red, Mars is very cold Neptune is far away from Earth Mercury is the smallest planet INFORMATION DATA STUDY COMPARISON THESIS Saturn is a gas giant with rings AUTHORS RESEAR CH ANALYSI S
TABLE EARTH LAYER DESCRIPTIO N DEPTH TEMPERATU RE MARS Despite being red, Mars is very cold 100 km 1,600 F° MERCURY Mercury is the smallest planet 400 km 3,000 F° VENUS Venus has a beautiful name 5,000 km 4,000 F° SATURN Saturn is a gas giant with rings 10,000 km 9,000 F°
35% 40% 25% RESULTS ANALYSIS Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here MARS NEPTUN E SATURN
MAP Despite being red, Mars is cold Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn is a gas giant with rings MARS VENUS SATURN
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MARS SATURN NEPTUNE VENUS CONCLUSIONS Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Venus is the second planet from the Sun
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention 6,000,000
Is the distance between Earth and the Moon Earths is the Sun’s mass 333,000 386,000 km
NEPTUNE MARS SATURN VENUS JUPITER MERCURY Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS Mercury is the smallest planet of them all Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
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Earths Internal Structure for Grade 10 Learners.pptx

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Earths Internal Structure for Grade 10 Learners.pptx

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    COMPOSITION OF THEEARTH’S INTERIOR CRUST OUTER CORE MANTLE INNER CORE 40 km thickness 2900 km thickness 2200 km thickness 1278 km thickness Illustration above shows the relative thickness of the different layers of the Earth.
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    CONTINENTAL CRUST Si, O,Al, Ca, Na, and K 35-40 kilometers thick Less dense rocks - Granite
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    OCEANIC CRUST 7-10 kilometersthick which its average thickness is 8 kilometers Denser rocks - Basalt
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    MANTLE Silicate rocks Extends toabout 2900 kilometers from the Earth’s surface. Fe, Si, Mg, and O
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    MANTLE Lower part ofthe mantle consists of more iron than the upper part. The lower mantle is denser than the upper portion.
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    MANTLE Beneath the lithospherelies the soft, weak layer, made of hot molten material. Its temperature is about 300 – 800˚C. Facilitates the movement of the lithospheric plates. ASTHENOSPHERE
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    The ability ofthe asthenosphere to flow slowly. PLASTICITY
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    1. What makesup the Lithosphere? a. Continental crust b. Crust and the Upper mantle c. Oceanic and Continental crust d. Upper mantle
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    2. It isthe ability of the asthenosphere to flow slowly. a. Convection current b. Plasticity c. Pressure Freezing d. Subduction
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    3. The thickestlayer of the Earth. a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
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    4. What elementhas the most abundant percentage in the Earth’s crust? a. Aluminum b. Oganesson c. Oxygen d. Silicon
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    5. Soft, weaklayer, made of hot molten material on the upper mantle. a. Molten Iron and Nickel b. Magma c. Lithosphere d. Asthenosphere
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    1. What makesup the Lithosphere? a. Continental crust b. Crust and the Upper mantle c. Oceanic and Continental crust d. Upper mantle
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    2. It isthe ability of the asthenosphere to flow slowly. a. Convection current b. Plasticity c. Plate tectonics d. Subduction
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    3. The thickestlayer of the Earth. a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
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    4. What elementhas the most abundant percentage in the Earth’s crust? a. Aluminum b. Oganesson c. Oxygen d. Silicon
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    5. Soft, weaklayer, made of hot molten material on the upper mantle. a. Molten Iron and Nickel b. Magma c. Lithosphere d. Asthenosphere
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    CORE Subdivided into 2Layers: OUTER CORE INNER CORE
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    OUTER CORE Fe, Ni(molten/liquid) 2900 kilometers below the Earth’s surface 2250 kilometers thick 2000˚C temperature
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    OUTER CORE The outercore is mainly made up of iron and nickel moving around the solid inner core, creating Earth’s magnetic field (magnetism).
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    INNER CORE Fe, Ni(solid) 1300 kilometers thick Iron and nickel are believed to have solidified as a result of pressure freezing, which is common to liquids subjected under tremendous pressure. 5000˚C temperature
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    What tells usthat the inner core is made up of iron?
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    Some clues thatthe inner core and the outer core are made up of iron include the following:  Iron and nickel are both dense and magnetic.
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    Some clues thatthe inner core and the outer core are made up of iron include the following:  The overall density of the earth is much higher than the density of the rocks in the crust. This suggests that the inside must be made up of something denser than rocks.
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    Some clues thatthe inner core and the outer core are made up of iron include the following: Meteorite analysis have revealed that the most common type is chondrite. Chondrite contains iron, silicon, magnesium and oxygen; some contains nickel. The whole earth and the meteorite roughly have the same density, thus the Earth’s mantle rock and a meteorite minus its iron, have the same density.
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    1. Miners diginto the Earth in search for precious rocks and minerals. In which layer is the deepest explorations made by miners? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
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    2. The layerwhich is made up of molten (liquid) Iron and Nickel? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
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    3. Iron andnickel are believed to have solidified because of under tremendous pressure which is common to liquids. a. Convection current b. Plasticity c. Pressure Freezing d. Subduction
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    4. A layerwhich is made up of iron and nickel moving around, creating Earth’s magnetic field (magnetism). a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
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    5. How doyou compare the densities of the Earth’s crust, mantle and core? a. The mantle is less dense than the core but denser than the crust. b. The mantle is less dense than both the core and the crust. c. The mantle is denser than the core but less dense than the crust. d. The mantle is denser than both the core and the crust.
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    1. Miners diginto the Earth in search for precious rocks and minerals. In which layer is the deepest explorations made by miners? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
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    2. The layerwhich is made up of molten (liquid) Iron and Nickel? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
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    3. Iron andnickel are believed to have solidified because of under tremendous pressure which is common to liquids. a. Convection current b. Plasticity c. Pressure Freezing d. Subduction
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    4. A layerwhich is made up of iron and nickel moving around, creating Earth’s magnetic field (magnetism). a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core
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    5. How doyou compare the densities of the Earth’s crust, mantle and core? a. The mantle is less dense than the core but denser than the crust. b. The mantle is less dense than both the core and the crust. c. The mantle is denser than the core but less dense than the crust. d. The mantle is denser than both the core and the crust.
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    Here is whereyour presentation begins End of the Lesson
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    CONTENTS OF THISTEMPLATE Here’s what you’ll find in this Slidesgo template: 1. A slide structure based on a Thesis defense presentation, which you can easily adapt to your needs. For more info on how to edit the template, please visit Slidesgo School or read our FAQs. 2. To view this template with the correct fonts in ppt format, download and install on your computer the fonts that we have used. You can learn how to download and install fonts here. 3. An assortment of graphic resources that are suitable for use in the presentation can be found in the alternative resources slide. 4. A thanks slide, which you must keep so that proper credits for our design are given. 5. A resources slide, where you’ll find links to all the elements used in the template. 6. Instructions for use. 7. Final slides with: 8. The fonts and colors used in the template. 9. A selection of illustrations. You can also customize and animate them as you wish with the online editor. Visit Storyset to find more. 10. More infographic resources, whose size and color can be edited. 11. Sets of customizable icons of the following themes: general, business, avatar, creative process, education, help & support, medical, nature, performing arts, SEO & marketing, and teamwork. You can delete this slide when you’re done editing the presentation.
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    RESULTS ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS OBJECTIVES TABLE OF CONTENTS Youcan describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here 01 03 02 04
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    You can givea brief description of the topic you want to talk about here. For example, if you want to talk about Mercury, you can say that it’s the smallest planet in the entire Solar System INTRODUCTIO N
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    -SOMEONE FAMOUS “This isa quote, words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get inspired.”
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    VENUS MARS MERCURY STUDY OBJECTIVES It’s theclosest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun
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    THEORY 1 THEORY2 LITERATURE REVIEW Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System. The name has nothing to do with the liquid metal Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky
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    VENUS SATURN MARS NEPTUN E SCHEDULE 0102 03 04 Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun
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    METHODOLOGY Despite being red, Marsis very cold Neptune is far away from Earth Mercury is the smallest planet INFORMATION DATA STUDY COMPARISON THESIS Saturn is a gas giant with rings AUTHORS RESEAR CH ANALYSI S
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    TABLE EARTH LAYER DESCRIPTIO N DEPTH TEMPERATU RE MARS Despite beingred, Mars is very cold 100 km 1,600 F° MERCURY Mercury is the smallest planet 400 km 3,000 F° VENUS Venus has a beautiful name 5,000 km 4,000 F° SATURN Saturn is a gas giant with rings 10,000 km 9,000 F°
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    35% 40% 25% RESULTS ANALYSIS Saturn iscomposed of hydrogen and helium Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here MARS NEPTUN E SATURN
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    MAP Despite being red, Marsis cold Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn is a gas giant with rings MARS VENUS SATURN
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    A PICTURE ISWORTH A THOUSAND WORDS
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    A PICTURE ALWAYS REINFORCES THE CONCEPT Youcan replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just right-click on it and select “Replace image”
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    MARS SATURN NEPTUNE VENUS CONCLUSIONS Despite being red,Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Venus is the second planet from the Sun
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    Big numbers catchyour audience’s attention 6,000,000
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    Is the distancebetween Earth and the Moon Earths is the Sun’s mass 333,000 386,000 km
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    NEPTUNE MARS SATURN VENUS JUPITER MERCURY Jupiter is thebiggest planet of them all MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS Mercury is the smallest planet of them all Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun
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    BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES ● AUTHOR(YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
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Editor's Notes

  • #14 The Earth’s composition tells a story about itself. It gives us clues to its past and proofs about the gradual and slow changes that it has undergone for over 4.6 billion years.
  • #15 The crust is the thinnest and the outermost layer of the Earth that extends from the surface to about 32 kilometers below. Underneath some mountains, the crust’s thickness extends to 72 kilometers. The Earth’s crust, as gleaned from Figure, is subdivided into two regions: the continental crust and the oceanic crust.
  • #16 The continental crust is mainly made up of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and potassium. The thickness of the continental crust is mostly 35-40 kilometers. Continental crust, found under land masses, is made of less dense rocks such as granite. The oceanic crust is around 7-10 kilometers thick which its average thickness is 8 kilometers. It is found under the ocean floor and is made of dense rocks such as basalt. The oceanic crust is heavier than the continental crust. The crust consists of two layers. The upper layer is composed of granite and is only found in the continental crust. Below the granite is a layer made mainly of basalt. This is found on both under the continents and the oceans.
  • #17 The oceanic crust is around 7-10 kilometers thick which its average thickness is 8 kilometers. It is found under the ocean floor and is made of dense rocks such as basalt. The oceanic crust is heavier than the continental crust. The crust consists of two layers. The upper layer is composed of granite and is only found in the continental crust. Below the granite is a layer made mainly of basalt. This is found on both under the continents and the oceans.
  • #18 The oceanic crust is around 7-10 kilometers thick which its average thickness is 8 kilometers. It is found under the ocean floor and is made of dense rocks such as basalt. The oceanic crust is heavier than the continental crust. The crust consists of two layers. The upper layer is composed of granite and is only found in the continental crust. Below the granite is a layer made mainly of basalt. This is found on both under the continents and the oceans.
  • #19 Extends to about 2900 kilometers from the Earth’s surface. It makes up about 80% of the Earth’s total volume and about 68% of its total mass. The mantle is mainly made up of silicate rocks, and contrary to common belief, is solid, since both S-waves and P-waves pass through it.
  • #20 Extends to about 2900 kilometers from the Earth’s surface. It makes up about 80% of the Earth’s total volume and about 68% of its total mass. The mantle is mainly made up of silicate rocks, and contrary to common belief, is solid, since both S-waves and P-waves pass through it.
  • #21 This explains that the lower mantle is denser than the upper portion. The temperature and the pressure increase with depth. The high temperature and pressure in the mantle allows the solid rock to flow slowly.
  • #22 Extends to about 2900 kilometers from the Earth’s surface. It makes up about 80% of the Earth’s total volume and about 68% of its total mass. The mantle is mainly made up of silicate rocks, and contrary to common belief, is solid, since both S-waves and P-waves pass through it.
  • #23 Extends to about 2900 kilometers from the Earth’s surface. It makes up about 80% of the Earth’s total volume and about 68% of its total mass. The mantle is mainly made up of silicate rocks, and contrary to common belief, is solid, since both S-waves and P-waves pass through it.
  • #24 Extends to about 2900 kilometers from the Earth’s surface. It makes up about 80% of the Earth’s total volume and about 68% of its total mass. The mantle is mainly made up of silicate rocks, and contrary to common belief, is solid, since both S-waves and P-waves pass through it.
  • #37 The core is subdivided into two layers: the inner and the outer core.
  • #38 2900 kilometers below the Earth’s surface. It is 2250 kilometers thick and is made up of iron and nickel. The temperature in the outer core reaches up to 2000oC at this very high temperature, iron and nickel melt.
  • #39 2900 kilometers below the Earth’s surface. It is 2250 kilometers thick and is made up of iron and nickel. The temperature in the outer core reaches up to 2000oC at this very high temperature, iron and nickel melt.
  • #40 The inner core is made up of solid iron and nickel and has a radius of 1300 kilometers. Its temperature reaches to about 5000˚C. The extreme temperature could have molten the iron and nickel but it is believed to have solidified as a result of pressure freezing, which is common to liquids subjected under tremendous pressure.
  • #41 The inner core is made up of solid iron and nickel and has a radius of 1300 kilometers. Its temperature reaches to about 5000oC. The extreme temperature could have molten the iron and nickel but it is believed to have solidified as a result of pressure freezing, which is common to liquids subjected under tremendous pressure.
  • #42 Some clues that the inner core and the outer core are made up of iron include the following.
  • #43 Some clues that the inner core and the outer core are made up of iron include the following.
  • #44 Some clues that the inner core and the outer core are made up of iron include the following.