1) Tsunamis are large ocean waves caused by sudden displacement of water, often due to earthquakes, landslides or volcanic eruptions. 2) Upon reaching shore, tsunami waves can break and reach heights far exceeding normal sea levels, potentially causing coastal inundation of tens of meters. 3) To escape a tsunami, take earthquakes occurring near shore as an alert to immediately evacuate to high ground, bringing a survival kit and staying away from evacuation routes exposed to tsunami waves or secondary hazards.

1. Complex slides
Are
combinations
of two or more
types of
movement.

2. Factors affecting occurrence of landslide
Intact rock strength
Mass weathering grade
Spacing of joints
Orientation of joints
Width and continuity of joints
Infill
Water flow

3. World’s
Largest
Tsunami

4. Tsunamis
Japanese term which
means HARBOR
WAVES. Regardless of
the origin, all tsunamis
are triggered by
powerful events that
caused sudden
displacement of large
volumes of water.

5. Tsunami generation
A tsunami may
occur when ocean
water is displace
suddenly causing
the formation of
waves that reach
the shore in large
heights.

6. Tsunami generation
Tsunamis can be
generated
provided that
faulting occurs at
the sea bottom.

7. Tsunami Run-up and Inundation
Upon reaching the shore, tsunami waves will
break and reach heights far exceeding the normal
sea level, thus potentially causing inundation in
coastal areas. Tsunami wave heights could reach
tens of meters above the normal sea level.

8. Causes of Tsunami
Besides earthquake, tsunamis can
also be caused by the following:
Landslide
Volcanic eruption
Meteorite impact

12. HOW TO ESCAPE A TSUNAMI
Take the occurrence of an earthquake as a
natural alerting mechanism. Once its
tsunamigenic nature is confirmed, prepare to
vacate areas close to the shore and head
towards high ground right away. Large
earthquakes occurring offshore indicate close
proximity. This requires immediate
evacuation.

13. HOW TO ESCAPE A TSUNAMI
Always keep a radio or other
sources of information. Warnings
and advisories should be taken
seriously by those living closely
to the shore.
Bring a survival kit with you at all
times. The kit must include first
aid items, water, canned goods or
other kinds of non-perishable
items, flashlight with extra
battery, whistle, and a
communication device.

14. HOW TO ESCAPE A TSUNAMI
Bring only a survival kit with you at all
times. One’s priority is safety. The idea is
to get out as quickly as possible with
your family.
Once the designated evacuation center is
reached, stay there until advised by
authorities when it is safe to leave.

15. HOW TO ESCAPE A TSUNAMI
Take only escape routes that are safe from
tsunami waves and floods. Stay away from
washed out roads to avoid being exposed to
landslides and other secondary effects of
tsunami.
If escape is too late, cling on to floating
objects to prevent drowning. Stay alert at all
times.