notes on science

1. Density

2. Review:
• Matter: Anything that has volume and takes
up space
• Mass: The amount of matter in an object
• Volume: The amount of space an objects takes
up

3. Density
• Property of matter that describes the
relationship between its mass and volume
• Describes how closely packed its atoms are

4. Density:
A measure of mass per volume
How to calculate density (D):
D =

5. Calculating Density
Remember:
1 mL = 1 cm3
Density:
D mass Volume =
Units:
g
mL or cm3

6. Density:
Density Units (Labels)
D mass Volume =
g/cm3
OR g/mL

7. The density of water is 1 g/mL
Matter with a higher density will _____.
Matter with a lower density will _____.

8. Density of Materials
Each material has a UNIQUE density:

9. Example:
An object has a mass of 12 g and a
volume of 4 mL, what is it’s density?
Will it sink or float in water?

10. Example:
An object has a mass of 3 g and a
volume of 4 mL, what is it’s density?
Will it sink or float in water?

11. Example:
An object has a mass of 99.84 g and a
volume of 12.8 mL, what is it’s density?

12. What is the object in
the previous
problem made of?

14. Floats!!
Saturn

15. Golf Ball
Sinks!

16. Pumice
Floats!!

17. Gasoline
Floats!!

18. Corn Syrup
Sinks!!

19. Vegetable Oil
Floats!!!

21. The Metric System

22. Problems?
• How many ounces in a gallon? 128
How many inches in a mile? 63360
How many ounces in a pound? 16

23. Metric Base Units
Meter (m)
*Measures distance
*Ex: length of room

24. Metric Base Units
Gram (g)
*Measures mass
*Ex: mass of a penny

25. Liter (L)
Metric Base Units
*Measures volume
*Ex: volume of pop

26. Metric Base Units
Celsius (˚C)
*Measures temperature
* freezing water 0˚C
* boiling water 100˚C
* body temp 37˚C

27. Metric Prefixes
Base Units
meter (m)
liter (L)
gram (g)
deci
(d)
centi
(c)
milli
(m)
deka
(da)
hecto
(h)
kilo
(k)
1000 100 10 1 .1 .01 .001
increasing decreasing

28. Problems? Not at all…
How many cm in a meter? 100
How many mL in a L? 1000
5 kg is how many grams? 5000

30. Safety Trivia
Play it safe (unlike this guy!)

31. 1. In the lab, you are going to be working
with an open flame. Describe two safety
precautions you should follow to complete
the lab safely.
2. Describe one thing
that the students are
doing incorrectly in
this picture.

32. 3. Your lab partner drops a beaker
which shatters on the lab surface.
Describe two safety rules that
should be followed in this
situation.
4. During a lab, you use
hydrochloric acid. What should
you do with the acid after the lab
is complete?

33. 5. During the lab with hydrochloric
acid, your lab partner gets some
of the acid on her fingers. What
precautions should be taken so
that her skin doesn’t burn?
6. A classmate offers you some water from a
beaker being used in an experiment. How
will you handle this situation?

34. 7. What should a student do if they get something
in their eye?
8. A student has long hair. You will be doing
a lab using a Bunsen burner. What should
that person do before starting the lab?

35. 9. A lab has many powdered chemicals that are
used to complete it. What should you do before
leaving the room for your next class?
10. When using electrical equipment in a lab,
describe two safety precautions that should be
followed.

36. 11. A student’s clothing starts on fire. What
should you do?
12.Before starting any lab procedure, you should
always_________________________________.

37. 13. Describe two safety practices that the students in
the picture are following correctly.

38. 14. Describe two things that you would do if
this happened at your lab station.

39. 15. What safety procedure is not being followed in
this picture?
16. Why is this situation life threatening?

40. 17. What should you do in this situation?

41. 18. Why is acid stored in a glass or
heavy plastic container?

42. 19. You are about to start a lab when you notice
the test tube has a crack in it. What should you
do?

43. 20. When you and your lab partner finish a lab,
what is your responsibility before you leave the
classroom?

44. BONUS!
21.What is the procedure in the picture called?
22.Why is it important to use this procedure in a
lab setting?

46. Scientific Method
Gotta follow the steps!

47. Steps of Scientific Method
• 1. Ask a Question/Problem
– Ex: What is the ideal amount of water for optimum
grass growth?

48. Steps of Scientific Method
• 2. Research and Collect Information
– Find out as much information
• Ex: Ask a nursery owner, landscaper, internet, books, etc.

49. Steps of Scientific Method
• 3. Form a hypothesis (IF, THEN, BECAUSE)
– Ex: If grass gets 20 minutes of watering each day, then
it will grow the most because water is necessary for cell
growth.

50. Steps of Scientific Method
• 4. Test the Hypothesis by Experimenting
and Collecting Data
– Ex: What would the experiment look like?
What type of data would you collect?

51. Steps of Scientific Method
• 5. Analyze the Data
– Ex: Make graphs, charts, tables, etc.

52. Steps of Scientific Method
• 6. Draw a Conclusion
– Answer the original question
– Give a reason for your conclusion
– Include data (numbers!) to back up your answer

53. Variable
• The factor in an experiment that can change
– Ex: Amount of watering of lawn

54. Hypothesis
• An educated guess or testable
statement
– Ex: Irish people are smarter than other
people.

55. Observation
• Gathering information using the senses and/or
equipment
– Senses:
• Sight
• Touch
• Taste
• Sound
• Smell

56. Prediction
• Use of knowledge to identify and explain
observations or changes in advance
– I predict the Vikings will beat the Lions

57. Inference
• The development of ideas based on observations
– Example…You’ll see.

58. Fact
• An observation that has been repeatedly confirmed
– Ex: Lead is more dense than Styrofoam

59. Law
• A descriptive generalization about how some aspect
of the natural world behaves under stated
circumstances
– Ex: Newton’s Laws of Motion

60. Theory
• A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of
the natural world that can incorporate facts, laws,
inferences and tested hypotheses.
– Ex: Cell Theory and Theory of Relativity