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Early 20th
Century England-
A social milieu
Mirium Xavier
 First four decades- from steam age to nuclear
age!
 First few decades- consolidation of industrial
development
 Transition towards now familiar modernity-mass-
democratic and mass-consumerist society
 Continuous industrialization of 19th century gave
new temper and texture to society of 20th century
Edwardian Era
 spanned the reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to
1910, and is sometimes extended to the start of
the First World War.
 The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901
marked the end of the Victorian era.
 Her son and successor, Edward VII, was already
the leader of a fashionable elite that set a style
influenced by the art and fashions of continental
Europe.
 Samuel Hynes described the Edwardian era as a
"leisurely time when women wore picture hats
and did not vote, when the rich were not
ashamed to live conspicuously, and the sun really
never set on the British flag."
 Demands of radical reforms, continuous rise
of labour movement, feminism and socialism
 Whole raft of technological and scientific
advances- ‘the seething and teeming of the
pre-war period, its immense ferment and its
restless fertility’
 Destructive power of new machine age
reflected in Great War
Continuities from Victorian Era to
Early Edwardian Times
 ‘Rebellious insistence on everything new’ from 1890s
continued- New Woman, New Unionism, New Realism,
New Realism etc
 A continuing reaction against deeply entrenched
Victorian values and attitudes in religion and morality
 Politically and ideologically more pluralistic and
democratic society- importance and influence of lower
middle class and working class
 Politically Conservative Party held fort till 1905 and
then Liberal Party took over
Basic Political and social issues-
continued from late Victorian era
 Despite Labour party and
militant suffragette movement,
basic political premises
reflected from Gladstone and
Disraeli time
 Continuing drift of population to
cities
 Irish Home Rule, female
suffrage, unemployment, impact
of trade unionism, distribution of
wealth, education etc- remained
key issues in public domain
And the Empire kept expanding
and Economy kept plodding
 Britain remained as super power
dominating seas and holding sway
over 400 million people and
around one fifth of landmass
 buoyant financial and service
sectors- second industrial
revolution gathered pace with
electricity based production
 England remained World’s
greatest trading nation, centre of
international banking and finance
and as the mightiest global empire
in politics as well
Notes of Discord with Victorian
Era
 Boer war was an eye opener- early defeats
hinted chinks in the armor of Empire
 It took 4,50,000 British Troop and more than 2
and half years to defeat 50,000 odd Boers
 British economy was growing but lesser rate
compared to new engines of Growth like
Germany, France and America
 Edwardian period can be termed as when
Britain’s Victorian Economic Development
peaked and began to fall back
 A sense of decline was in air- emigration to
other regions started enmasse- America,
Canada and Australia etc
WORKS CITED
 Poplawski, Paul . English Literature in
Context. Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Thank You!

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Early 20th century England

  • 1. Early 20th Century England- A social milieu Mirium Xavier
  • 2.  First four decades- from steam age to nuclear age!  First few decades- consolidation of industrial development  Transition towards now familiar modernity-mass- democratic and mass-consumerist society  Continuous industrialization of 19th century gave new temper and texture to society of 20th century
  • 3. Edwardian Era  spanned the reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910, and is sometimes extended to the start of the First World War.  The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 marked the end of the Victorian era.  Her son and successor, Edward VII, was already the leader of a fashionable elite that set a style influenced by the art and fashions of continental Europe.  Samuel Hynes described the Edwardian era as a "leisurely time when women wore picture hats and did not vote, when the rich were not ashamed to live conspicuously, and the sun really never set on the British flag."
  • 4.  Demands of radical reforms, continuous rise of labour movement, feminism and socialism  Whole raft of technological and scientific advances- ‘the seething and teeming of the pre-war period, its immense ferment and its restless fertility’  Destructive power of new machine age reflected in Great War
  • 5. Continuities from Victorian Era to Early Edwardian Times  ‘Rebellious insistence on everything new’ from 1890s continued- New Woman, New Unionism, New Realism, New Realism etc  A continuing reaction against deeply entrenched Victorian values and attitudes in religion and morality  Politically and ideologically more pluralistic and democratic society- importance and influence of lower middle class and working class  Politically Conservative Party held fort till 1905 and then Liberal Party took over
  • 6. Basic Political and social issues- continued from late Victorian era  Despite Labour party and militant suffragette movement, basic political premises reflected from Gladstone and Disraeli time  Continuing drift of population to cities  Irish Home Rule, female suffrage, unemployment, impact of trade unionism, distribution of wealth, education etc- remained key issues in public domain
  • 7. And the Empire kept expanding and Economy kept plodding  Britain remained as super power dominating seas and holding sway over 400 million people and around one fifth of landmass  buoyant financial and service sectors- second industrial revolution gathered pace with electricity based production  England remained World’s greatest trading nation, centre of international banking and finance and as the mightiest global empire in politics as well
  • 8. Notes of Discord with Victorian Era  Boer war was an eye opener- early defeats hinted chinks in the armor of Empire  It took 4,50,000 British Troop and more than 2 and half years to defeat 50,000 odd Boers  British economy was growing but lesser rate compared to new engines of Growth like Germany, France and America  Edwardian period can be termed as when Britain’s Victorian Economic Development peaked and began to fall back  A sense of decline was in air- emigration to other regions started enmasse- America, Canada and Australia etc
  • 9. WORKS CITED  Poplawski, Paul . English Literature in Context. Cambridge University Press, 2018.