This document discusses different methods of data collection, including surveys, experiments, and observations. It provides examples of each method and guidelines for properly conducting surveys, experiments, and observations. Surveys collect data through questionnaires from a sample population. Experiments impose a treatment on subjects and observe the results. Observations describe behaviors by direct observation without manipulation. The document aims to help readers identify and properly apply different data collection methods.

1. English for
Academic and
Professional
Purposes
SURVEYS, EXPERIMENTS
OR OBSERVATIONS

2. LESSON OBJECTIVES
+ Identify different methods of data collection
+ Perform varied activities observing surveys,
experiments, and observation
+ Synthesize the importance of different method
of data collection

3. Introductory
Activity
+Prayer
+Checking of
attendance
+Review

4. Activity
1. Have you tried conducting a survey? How did you
do it?like in our school, what is the total number of
enrollees? How many are female? Male?
2. In your science subjects or in SIP what are your
unforgettable experiences while doing the
experiment? How did you conduct your experiment?
3. What do you observe in the environment today? Or
what have you observed about the weather today?

5. Say something!
Survey Experiment Observation

6. Directions: Read the text and answer the
questions that follow.
Doctors Work When Sick
Doctors know that they can get
sick from their patients, but when
they are sick themselves, do they
stay away from their patients?

7. Researchers asked 537
doctors-in-training to
anonymously report whether
they had worked while sick
during the past year.

8. The researchers found
that 58% said they had
worked once while sick
and 31% said they had
worked more than once
while sick.

9. Questions
1.Is this a survey, an
observation, or an experiment?
Why do you say so?
*Survey- the only variable is the
doctor who works while sick

10. 2. Was randomization used in
the research? If so, how?
* The article does not state
whether a random selection of
doctors was asked.

11. 3. What conclusion can you draw
from this text?
*Anonymity allowed an honest
response, but the results will not
apply to all doctors given that they
only asked “doctors training”

12. Lesson Proper
There are several methods of data collection
and the most common are; Survey,
Experiments or Observations.
Let us familiarize the following terms:
1. Survey
2. Experiment
3. Observation

13. A survey measures characteristics of interest
about a population using a sample selected
from the population. A sample needs to be
representative of the population in order for
the measurements obtained from the
sample to be accurate. Random sampling is
generally the best way to ensure
representation.

14. Example: You discover that the nurse in the health
office at your school has taken the blood pressure of
157 students who have visited the health office over
the past year for a variety of reasons. In some cases,
they felt sick; and in other cases, they had to turn in
routine paperwork. You get the names of these
students and have them fill out a questionnaire
about how much exercise more is lower than the
mean blood pressure of the students who exercise
less.

15. To conduct an effective survey, follow
these six steps:
1. Determine who will participate in the
survey.
2. Decide the type of survey (mail,
online, or in-person)
3. Design the survey questions and
layout.

16. 4. Distribute the survey.
5. Analyze the responses.
6. Write up the results.

17. QUESTIONS Agree Neither
Agree or
Disagree
Disagree Not
Applicable
1. The way the module materials were
presented helped to maintain my
interest.
2. Resources I accessed through the
Library (e.g. journal articles) helped me
to understand the core concepts of the
lessons
in the module.
3. The instructions on how to complete
the
assessed tasks were easy to follow.

18. Once you gather your data, the next
step is to analyze your data, you may
use different statistical tool that will suit
to your study in treating your data.
For instance, from the tool presented
above, if you wish to get the frequency
and percentage distribution you may
use the formula %=f/n*100, where:
%-percent
f-frequency
n-sample size

19. Example: The Sample size is 30, and there
are only 5 of the respondents who tick the
box under Agree, in order to get the
percentage, simply Divide 6/30=0.2, multiply
the answer to 100 to get the percentage. So,
the answer is 20%.

20. Observation is used to describe the
behavior of a subject. As the name
suggests, it is a way of collecting relevant
information and data by observing. It is also
referred to as participatory study because
the researcher has to establish a link with
the respondent and for this, he has to
immerse himself in the same setting as
theirs.

21. One example of a study using observation
would be when a researcher wants to study
how children manage sharing of toys. He
could observe a group of children playing in
the classroom, and record what things they
say or do that determine who gets to play
with a coveted toy .

22. Sample Observation Protocol
Duration of Activity: ____________
Observation Notes Reflective Notes
General: (Objective of your research)
What are the experiences of Grade 11 students
as they study basic Calculus?
I wonder if these students always come late?
Can teacher manage this big class?
I wonder if it’s the class that makes them sleepy or
their activity at night?
Start of observation: 7:00 AM
The class started on time, but some students
arrived late.
There are more than 50 students in the
classroom.
Some students seated at the back start to
become sleepy.
I wonder if these students always come late?
Can teacher manage this big class?
I wonder if it’s the class that makes them sleepy or
their activity at night?

23. Techniques for collecting data through
observation:
Written descriptions
- The researcher makes written descriptions
of the people, situations or Environment.

24. - Limitations include:
• Researcher might miss out on an
observation as they are taking notes.
• The researcher may be focused on a
particular event or situation.
• There is room for subjective interpretation
of what is happening.

25. Video recording
- Allows the researcher to also record notes
- Limitations may include:
• People acting unnaturally towards the
camera or others avoiding the camera.
• The camera may not always see
everything.

26. Photographs and artifacts
- Useful when there is a need to collect
observable information or phenomena such
as buildings, neighborhoods, dress, and
appearance.
- Artifacts include objects of significance –
memorabilia, instruments, tools and others.

27. In an experiment, the
condition is created by
imposing a treatment on the
sample.

28. For instance, an experiment
might be conducted by having a
group of people with eczema take
a vitamin E pill daily, and then
observing whether their
symptoms improve.

29. In the experiment, taking the
vitamin E pill is the treatment,
and improvement of
symptoms is the
characteristic of interest.

30. There are ways steps to follow in
conducting experiments:
1. Identify and define the problem.
2. Review relevant literature.
3. Formulate hypotheses and
deduce their consequences.

31. 4. Construct an experimental design.
5. Conduct the experiment.
6. Compile raw data and condense
to usable form.
7. Present findings and conclusions.

32. Generalization

33. Application

34. Direction: Identify the situations that describe
Survey, Experiment or Observation.
1.Researchers have 100 subjects with high
cholesterol take fish oil pill daily for two months.
They monitor the cholesterol of the subject
during that time.
Question: How many fish oil will be consumed in
two months when there are 100 persons?

35. 2.A researcher asks college
students through a survey
questionnaire on how many hours
of sleep they got on an average
night and examines whether the
number of hours of sleep affects the
students’ grades.

36. 3.Parks Department employee wants
to know if latex paint is more durable
than non- latex paint. She has 50
park benches painted with latex
paint and has 50 park benches
painted with non – latex paint.

37. Assessment

38. Group Activity!
The class will be divided into three groups. Each
group will perform a simulation on how data
collection is being done.
Group 1- observation
Group 2- experiment
Group 3- survey

39. The performance shall be graded
according to the criteria below:
Relevance- 25
Creativity- 25
Overall presentation- 25

40. Thank you 