DISCUSSION

2. Activity: WORD DETECTIVE
Directions: Look for the words in the puzzle.
There are 15 words listed below to be found in
the puzzle. Encircle the words. Enjoy looking
for them.

3. M V O I T H Q T M O R T V T Q
E A A A N T U E H E I I L C U
T R F U A T E R L E L T W A A
H I R D C B S I A I O L S R L
O A Y A I I T O D E L E L T I
D B C R F B I I D J S B Y S T
I L P P I P 0 I M A R Y L B A
M E N L N Y N H T R C Z R A T
I S I Y G O S O U R C E E M I
L T S T I T E M E N T R I J V
Y Q R Z S G N I L P M A S O E
D H Y P H O T H E S I S C P T
Q U A N T I T A T I V E O A Y
A U T H O R D M X C C R P G P
R E S E A R C H E N I H E F E

4. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to;
1. Define what is research
2. Get familiar with technical terms used in research;
3. Differentiate Primary Sources from Secondary
Sources.

7. Research- it is an organized and
systematic way of finding
answers to questions.

8. Systematic-because there is definite set of
procedures and steps which you will follow.
Organize- there is a structure or method in
going about doing a research. It is a planned
procedure not a spontaneous one. It is
focused and limited to a specific scope.

9. The Value of Research
Educators, health service providers,
entrepreneurs, manager, policy makers,
counselors, administrators, teachers and students,
need information to make decisions, or to perform
their functions more effectively. Research can
help them meet their need.

10. The teachers need to know teaching approaches
and materials can be used to help students learn
better. Health service providers need health
related data in developing health programs and
in improving delivery of health services and in
identifying interventions that will improve the
health conditions of individuals.

11. Research has Several Functions
1. It helps us answer questions, solve
problems and make decisions.
2. It enables us to see and understand
how and why a situation or a problem
exists.

12. 3. It helps us discover new things and ideas.
4. It allow us to validate existing theories or
generate new ones.
5. It helps us identify and understand the
causes and effects of a situation or
phenomenon.

13. TECHNICAL
TERMS IN
RESEARCH

14. Research Question—is an answerable
inquiry into a specific concern
or issue. It defines what problem or
opportunity you’re looking at and what your
research goals are.

15. Abstract- a short summary of
your completed research.

16. Introduction- It establish the
scope, context and significance
of the research by;

17. 1. Summarizing current understanding and
background information about the topic.
2. Stating the purpose of the work in the
form of the research problem supported by
the hypothesis or a set of questions.

18. 3. Explaining briefly the methodological
approach used to examine the research
problem
4. Outlining the remaining structure
and organization of the paper.

19. Hypothesis— commonly known
as the researcher’s intellectual
guess or wild guess about the
possible result of the study.

20. METHODOLOGY- the systematic method to
resolve a research problem through data
gathering using various techniques, providing
an interpretation of data gathered and
drawing conclusions about the research data.

21. AIM: To ensure valid and reliable
results that address the research aims
and objectives.
1. What data to collect ( and what data
to ignore)

22. 2.Who to collect from ( in research it is called
Sampling Design)
3.How to Collect It ( this is called data collection
method)
4. How to Analyze ( this is called data analysis
method)

23. RESULTS/ findings- The section of
research paper where the authors
provide the data collected during
their study.

24. DISCUSSION- Explain any new
understanding or insights that
emerged as a result of your study
of the problem

25. Objectives of Discussion
1. Reiterates the research problem/
state the major findings.

26. 2.Explain the meaning of the
findings and why they are
important.
3.Relate the findings to similar
studies.

27. 4.Consider alternative explanations of
the problems.
5.Acknowledge the studies limitations.
6.Make suggestions for further research.

28. CONCLUSION- Intended to help
the readers understand why your
research should matter to them
after they have finish reading the
paper.

29. Restate the research problem address in the
paper.
Summarize the overall arguments or
findings
Suggest the key takeaways from your papers.

30. REFERENCE- The last page of
the research papers that list all
the sources you used in the
study.

31. APPENDIX- Serves as a space for
materials that help clarify your
research, but do not belong in the
main text.

32. Research Data—is any information
that has been collected,
Observed, generated or created to
validate original research findings.

33. Variable—a variable in research refers
to a person, place, thing, or
Phenomenon that you are trying to
measure in some way. There are two
types of variables in research:

34. Dependent Variable and
Independent Variable. An
independent variable is the variable
you think as the cause and the
dependent variable is the effect.

35. Population- The entire
group that you want to
draw conclusions about.

36. Sample—refers to a smaller
version of a larger group or
subset of a
larger population.

37. Why is there a need for sampling?
NECESSITY – sometimes its simply
not possible to study the whole
population due to its size or
inaccessibility.

38. PRACTICALITY- it is
easier and more efficient to
collect data from a sample.

39. COST EFFECTIVENESS- There
are fewer participants, laboratory
equipment and researcher costs
involved.

40. MANAGEABILITY- Storing and
running statistical analysis on
smaller datasets is easier and
reliable.

41. INSTRUMENT- Any tool that you may use to
collect data, measure and analyze data.
It includes: Questionnaires, survey,
interviews, Checklist, Simple tests.
A good research instrument is one that has
validated and has proven reliability.

42. QUESTIONNAIRE- The main
instrument for collecting data
in survey research.

43. SUBJECT - the individual
that participates in
research.

44. Primary vs. Secondary: Will you
collect original data yourself,
or will you use data that has already
been collected by someone else?

45. Descriptive Research
The descriptive type of study finds
answer to the questions who, what,
when, where and how.

46. Ex. Tardiness and
Absenteeism among High
School Students in SNHS.

47. Explanatory Research
It enables to explain possible factors related
to a problem which has been observed in a
descriptive study. The explanatory research is
also known as correlation research.

48. Example: Relationship between
Socioeconomic Factors and
Absenteeism among High School
Students of Sapian National High
School.

49. Intervention or Experimental Research
The intervention or experimental type of research evaluates
the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or
treatment. It studies the “cause and effect” relationship
between certain factors on a certain phenomenon under
controlled conditions. The subject of the study is randomly
assigned to the experimental group and both groups are
expose to similar conditions.

50. Intervention or Experimental Research
The intervention or experimental type
of research evaluates the effect or
outcome of a particular intervention or
treatment.

51. Example: The effect of
Different levels of Applied
Nitrogen on the Growth and
Yield of Rice.

52. Limitations of the study—are potential
weaknesses, restrictions
And constraints within the research design
that may influence the outcomes and
conclusions of the research.

53. Activity 1: Research Puzzle
Directions: Accomplish the puzzle below by
filling-out the boxes with letters to form
words related to research. Copy and answer
the crossword puzzle on your answer sheet.

55. Down:
1. weakness
2. to search again
4. attribute or
characteristic
5. a way to do
something
7. participant
Across:
3. representative
6. association
8. information

56. Activity 2: Primary or Secondary Sources
In doing research, information can be
categorized as primary or secondary sources.

57. Study the examples below. Based on the
examples given, distinguish primary from
secondary sources of information by writing
their characteristics inside the boxes

58. Examples of Primary and Secondary Sources of
Information
Primary Source—artifacts, handwritten love letter, diary,
audio recording, birth certificate
A. Secondary Sources—English textbook, encyclopedia,
magazine

60. Directions: Match column A to
column B.

61. Column A
1. Subject
2. Hypothesis
3. Method
4. Variable
5. Sample
Column B
A. Procedures for collecting or
analyzing data
B. A subset of a larger population
C. Also called as participant of
the study
D. A procedure for selecting
sample members
E. An educational guess
F. A person, place, thing, or

62. 1.What is the importance of Research in our
life?
2.Is knowing technical terms in research
important to you as a student?
3.In what learning research can be used?

63. 1. What is Research?
2. What are the important value of research?
3. What are the technical terms use in
research?

64. Directions: Read each statement and answer the following
questions. Write your answer on the space provided before
the number.
_________1. Any tool that you may use to collect data.
_________2. is an answerable inquiry into a specific
concern
or issue.

65. _________3. Commonly known as the researcher’s intellectual
guess or wild guess about the possible result of the study.
_________4. Is any information that has been collected,
observed, generated or created to validate original research
findings.
________5. The main instrument for collecting data in
survey research.