The document discusses enabling energy efficient data centers through the E3S Center. The E3S Center aims to develop electronic systems that are self-sensing and regulating, and optimized for energy efficiency at various performance levels. It works with industry and academia. Over a 5-year period, its goals include determining data center inefficiencies at all levels, developing predictive models and control algorithms for synergistic management of computing and cooling, and improving airflow and thermal management through testing and validation. The Center is led by researchers from Binghamton University, University of Texas at Arlington, and Villanova University, and partners with many industry collaborators.
Today’s data centers are virtualized, dynamic and more integral to business success
than ever. In these environments, power demands are growing increasingly volatile and vital to infrastructure and business performance.
For more information, visit: http://nimsoft.com/solutions/nimsoft-monitor/dcim/ecometer.html.
Data center power and cooling infrastructure worldwide wastes more than 60,000,000 megawatt-hours per year of electricity that does no useful work powering IT equipment. This represents an enormous financial burden on industry, and is a significant public policy environmental issue. This paper describes the principles of a new, commercially available data center
architecture that can be implemented today to dramatically improve the electrical efficiency of data centers.
Energy Logic is an approach developed by Emerson Network Power to provide organizations
with the information they need to reduce data center energy consumption by over 50%.
Pat Tiernan, Executive Director of the Climate Savers Computing Initiative, presented at the 2009 Green IT Expo in London to address IT energy waste and the ROI on energy efficient computing.
The combination of Cisco's UCS Manager and Schneider Electric's DCIM solution provides Cisco UCS customers with an opportunity to bridge the gap between IT and Facilities, offer transparency across the two silos, and positively impact the rest of the organization – both in terms of efficiency, uptime and capex/opex costs. This is achieved by optimising the existing physical infrastructure capacities, thus reducing overprovisioning and improving the balance between supply and demand, resulting in continual availability and optimal energy efficiency.
Today’s data centers are virtualized, dynamic and more integral to business success
than ever. In these environments, power demands are growing increasingly volatile and vital to infrastructure and business performance.
For more information, visit: http://nimsoft.com/solutions/nimsoft-monitor/dcim/ecometer.html.
Data center power and cooling infrastructure worldwide wastes more than 60,000,000 megawatt-hours per year of electricity that does no useful work powering IT equipment. This represents an enormous financial burden on industry, and is a significant public policy environmental issue. This paper describes the principles of a new, commercially available data center
architecture that can be implemented today to dramatically improve the electrical efficiency of data centers.
Energy Logic is an approach developed by Emerson Network Power to provide organizations
with the information they need to reduce data center energy consumption by over 50%.
Pat Tiernan, Executive Director of the Climate Savers Computing Initiative, presented at the 2009 Green IT Expo in London to address IT energy waste and the ROI on energy efficient computing.
The combination of Cisco's UCS Manager and Schneider Electric's DCIM solution provides Cisco UCS customers with an opportunity to bridge the gap between IT and Facilities, offer transparency across the two silos, and positively impact the rest of the organization – both in terms of efficiency, uptime and capex/opex costs. This is achieved by optimising the existing physical infrastructure capacities, thus reducing overprovisioning and improving the balance between supply and demand, resulting in continual availability and optimal energy efficiency.
Maximize Your Data Center for Virtualization InitiativesSchneider Electric
Presentation focuses on the impact virtualization initiatives have on the data center and more importantly the critical
physical infrastructure supporting the data center. Virtualization is an IT strategy that can easily and quickly impact, with potential negative consequences, the reliability and availability of the data center. Understand the effects and some considerations in the implementation of virtualization.
[Case study] Dakota Electric Association: Solutions to streamline GIS, design...Schneider Electric
Applications:
Integration of GIS-based processes makes existing circuits and proposed circuits
available in the same system so operations staff can work in parallel with the designers
rather than in succession.
Customer benefits
• Model, design and manage critical infrastructure
• Highly configurable
• Easily adapted for multiple uses
• Proactively identify needed repairs and replacements well in advance
White Paper: Monitoring EMC Greenplum DCA with Nagios - EMC Greenplum Data Co...EMC
This white paper describes a software plug-in that can be used with the Nagios Core infrastructure monitoring framework to display the state of a wide range of components in the EMC Greenplum Data Computing Appliance (DCA).
Electricity usage costs have become an increasing fraction of the total cost of ownership (TCO) for data centers. It is possible to dramatically reduce the electrical consumption of typical data centers through appropriate design of the data center physical infrastructure and through the design of the IT architecture. This paper explains how to quantify the electricity savings and provides examples of methods that can greatly reduce electrical power consumption.
FirstGreen Consulting is a company working in the area of renewable energy, energy efficiency and climate change
The team has extensive experience in handling the Renewable, and energy efficiency projects
FirstGreen is providing energy sector consultancy in the sustainable energy, with expertise ranging from carbon advisory to technical consulting, to project implementation and project management.
A survey on dynamic energy management at virtualization level in cloud data c...csandit
Data centers have become indispensable infrastructure for data storage and facilitating the
development of diversified network services and applications offered by the cloud. Rapid
development of these applications and services imposes various resource demands that results
in increased energy consumption. This necessitates the development of efficient energy
management techniques in data center not only for operational cost but also to reduce the
amount of heat released from storage devices. Virtualization is a powerful tool for energy
management that achieves efficient utilization of data center resources. Though, energy
management at data centers can be static or dynamic, virtualization level energy management
techniques contributes more energy conservation than hardware level. This paper surveys
various issues related to dynamic energy management at virtualization level in cloud data
centers.
Power-Grid Load Balancing by Using Smart Home AppliancesValerio Aisa
Climate change is one of the greatest environmental, social and economic threats facing the planet, and can be mitigated by increasing the efficiency of the electric power generation and distribution system. Dynamic demand control is a low-cost technology that fosters better load balancing of the electricity grid, and thus enable savings on CO2 emissions at power plants. This paper discusses a practical and inexpensive solution for the implementation of dynamic demand control, based on a dedicated peripheral for a general-purpose microcontroller. Pre-production test of the peripheral has been carried out by emulating the actual microprocessor. Simulations have been carried out, to investigate actual efficacy of the proposed approach.
High End metering is focused on a much smaller market including:
Production – Generation metering
Transmission – Grid metering for bulk power exchange
Distribution – Large industrial customers and renewable grid connections
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Maximize Your Data Center for Virtualization InitiativesSchneider Electric
Presentation focuses on the impact virtualization initiatives have on the data center and more importantly the critical
physical infrastructure supporting the data center. Virtualization is an IT strategy that can easily and quickly impact, with potential negative consequences, the reliability and availability of the data center. Understand the effects and some considerations in the implementation of virtualization.
[Case study] Dakota Electric Association: Solutions to streamline GIS, design...Schneider Electric
Applications:
Integration of GIS-based processes makes existing circuits and proposed circuits
available in the same system so operations staff can work in parallel with the designers
rather than in succession.
Customer benefits
• Model, design and manage critical infrastructure
• Highly configurable
• Easily adapted for multiple uses
• Proactively identify needed repairs and replacements well in advance
White Paper: Monitoring EMC Greenplum DCA with Nagios - EMC Greenplum Data Co...EMC
This white paper describes a software plug-in that can be used with the Nagios Core infrastructure monitoring framework to display the state of a wide range of components in the EMC Greenplum Data Computing Appliance (DCA).
Electricity usage costs have become an increasing fraction of the total cost of ownership (TCO) for data centers. It is possible to dramatically reduce the electrical consumption of typical data centers through appropriate design of the data center physical infrastructure and through the design of the IT architecture. This paper explains how to quantify the electricity savings and provides examples of methods that can greatly reduce electrical power consumption.
FirstGreen Consulting is a company working in the area of renewable energy, energy efficiency and climate change
The team has extensive experience in handling the Renewable, and energy efficiency projects
FirstGreen is providing energy sector consultancy in the sustainable energy, with expertise ranging from carbon advisory to technical consulting, to project implementation and project management.
A survey on dynamic energy management at virtualization level in cloud data c...csandit
Data centers have become indispensable infrastructure for data storage and facilitating the
development of diversified network services and applications offered by the cloud. Rapid
development of these applications and services imposes various resource demands that results
in increased energy consumption. This necessitates the development of efficient energy
management techniques in data center not only for operational cost but also to reduce the
amount of heat released from storage devices. Virtualization is a powerful tool for energy
management that achieves efficient utilization of data center resources. Though, energy
management at data centers can be static or dynamic, virtualization level energy management
techniques contributes more energy conservation than hardware level. This paper surveys
various issues related to dynamic energy management at virtualization level in cloud data
centers.
Power-Grid Load Balancing by Using Smart Home AppliancesValerio Aisa
Climate change is one of the greatest environmental, social and economic threats facing the planet, and can be mitigated by increasing the efficiency of the electric power generation and distribution system. Dynamic demand control is a low-cost technology that fosters better load balancing of the electricity grid, and thus enable savings on CO2 emissions at power plants. This paper discusses a practical and inexpensive solution for the implementation of dynamic demand control, based on a dedicated peripheral for a general-purpose microcontroller. Pre-production test of the peripheral has been carried out by emulating the actual microprocessor. Simulations have been carried out, to investigate actual efficacy of the proposed approach.
High End metering is focused on a much smaller market including:
Production – Generation metering
Transmission – Grid metering for bulk power exchange
Distribution – Large industrial customers and renewable grid connections
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
How to achieve 95%+ Accurate power measurement during architecture exploration? Deepak Shankar
During the conceptualization and architectural exploration phases, it is crucial to assess the power budget.
Would you like to accurately measure the:
1. Power consumed for a proposed embedded software or firmware?
2. Savings of a Power Management Algorithm prior to development?
3. Power impact of hardware configuration change?
4. Trade-off between Power and Performance?
5. Temperature, heat, peak power and cumulative power?
With the rise of containerization, as well as the established adoption of virtualization technologies, run-time power and energy management is becoming one of the key challenges in modern cloud computing. This is also fundamental as power consumption contributes to the 20% of the Total Cost of Ownership of a datacenter and energy costs will exceed hardware costs in the near future. In this context, several goals towards power optimization can be achieved. On the one hand, power capping can be enforced and on top of that the system should be able to maximize performance. On the other hand, when performance are critical, the system should be able to provide a minimum SLA and optimize power consumption without violating it. Within this context, we propose a common autonomic methodology based on the ODA control loop for containers and virtual machines. The proposed methodology is able to achieve 25% power savings for containers and can improve performance under a power cap for virtual machines.
Advanced utility data management and analytics for improved situational awar...Power System Operation
Introduction
Data analytics techniques for operation support
Applications of Data Analytics Techniques in Power Systems
Data Integration and Modeling
Data Quality and Validation
Summary and Conclusions
ARC's Larry O'Brien Process Automation Presentation @ ARC Industry Forum 2010ARC Advisory Group
ARC's Larry O'Brien Process Automation Presentation @ ARC Industry Forum 2010 in Orlando, FL.
Using Process Automation to Optimize Energy Consumption
The Cost of Energy
How Well is Energy Managed in Today’s Plants?
Using Your Process Automation Infrastructure
with an Eye Toward Optimizing Energy
Consumption
The Business Value of Integrated Power &
Automation
Enabling Technologies
Training Your People and Managing Knowledge
Moving Forward
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
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Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
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2. Center Vision: To create electronic
systems that are self sensing and
regulating, and are optimized for
energy efficiency at any desired
performance level.
E3S works in partnership with
industry and academia to develop
systematic methodologies for
operating information technology,
telecommunications, and electronic
systems and cooling equipment
3. E3S is part of the NYS Center of Excellence in Small
Scale Systems Integration and Packaging
New electronics that improve the way people interact with their surroundings
E3S CASP
Energy-Efficient IEEC CAMM
Autonomous Solar
Electronic Systems Electronics Packaging Flexible Electronics
Supportive Analytical and
Diagnostics Infrastructure
5. Binghamton University is a leader in microelectronics R&D in
collaboration with government and industry. New $30 million Center
of Excellence building will house I/UCRC in Energy-Efficient
Electronic Systems, including new data center research laboratory.
6. Binghamton University
Bahgat Sammakia, Kanad Ghose, Bruce Murray
The University of Texas at Arlington
Dereje Agonafer
Villanova University
Alfonso Ortega, Amy Fleischer
Additional Collaborators:
The Georgia Institute of Technology
Yogendra Joshi
7. History of successful partnerships with industry
Research collaborations have 10+ year history
Faculty are leaders in this research effort with
expertise in:
◦ Thermal management techniques at all levels: chips to
racks to entire data centers
◦ Fast models for thermal analysis and trend prediction
◦ Scalable control systems for co-managing IT and cooling
systems
◦ Sensing-controls and model adjustments as needed
8. Endicott Interconnect NYSERDA
Technologies Advanced Electronics
Corning, Inc. Commscope
IBM
Sealco
General Electric Verizon
Emerson Network Power Comcast
Panduit
Steel Orca
GE DVL
Microsoft Microsoft
Bloomberg
9. E3S Members
Emerson
DVL
Facebook Collaborating Partner
10. Lifecycle: 90% of energy expended
during the operations
Breakdown of operating costs:
Others Equip
5% 45%
◦ Equipment energy consumption: 45%
◦ HVAC: 50% (about 25% to 30% in
water chilling facilities) HVAC
◦ Remainder: 5% Others 50% CPU
Breakdown inside a modern server: 28% 22%
◦ CPU energy: 20% to 25%
◦ Memory energy: 30% to 45%
◦ Interconnection energy: 10% to 15%
Total energy consumptions:
Interconn
12% Memory
◦ 2.8% of total national electricity 38%
consumption in US
◦ 1.6% for Western Europe
11. Server overprovisioning is a common practice
100%
Power
Performance is not proportional to
Energy
power
Efficiency
Typical
Poor energy efficiency
Operating
Region
(performance per Watt) on average
0% Individual Server 100%
Utilization
Situation becoming worse with smaller form
factors
12. HVAC equipment typically use water chillers to supply cold
air: takes a long time to adjust cooling system output
(water has a very high thermal capacity)
-Difficult for cooling system to track instantaneous load
changes
-Overprovisioning is common here as well to permit handling of
sudden load surges
-Using sensed temperature to adjust cooling
system performance is a viable first step,
but not enough
-Solutions for improving the energy efficiency of
data centers have been fairly isolated
System-level, holistic solutions are a MUST
13. Addresses energy-efficiency improvements of computing
and telecommunications systems at multiple spatial and
temporal scales:
◦ Synergistic techniques for simultaneously controlling IT load
allocation and thermal management in real time, to minimize the
overall energy expenditures
includes the development of infrastructures and standards needed for
synergistic control and actuation mechanisms at the system level
◦ From chip-level systems such as processors and operating systems
to data centers, including IT equipment hardware, software,
cooling systems
◦ Multi-scale control systems, including scalability and stability
issues for both traditional reactive control mechanisms as well as
proactive control mechanisms based on reduced order models for
predicting workload and thermal trends: the resulting system is
self-sensing and self-regulating.
◦ Mechanisms for utilizing waste heat
14. Five-Year Goals for thermal
management infrastructure
•Determining key intrinsic energy consumption inefficiencies at
every level from devices to entire systems
•Techniques for managing data centers synergistically using
predictive models for computing workload and thermal trends,
driven by live transient models in the control loop
•Airflow management techniques based on fast, compact
models that are continuously validated with live data and using
these models to reduce the overall energy expenditures.
•Techniques for improving the energy efficiency of buildings
and containers.
15. IAB = Industrial
Advisory Board 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Holistic Exergy based system modeling Back end waste energy recovery modeling
Multi-scale subsystem Multi-scale system Gaps &
Modeling models (e.g.,aisle) models (e.g., room/bldg) Refinement
Cyber models (compute loads,etc)
Component Subsystem Subsystem System
Validation & Testbed Eval Testbed
Validation Validation
Verification Demos Demos
Hardware & Software Infrastructures
Infrastructures, Integrated
Software Job Scheduling
Decision & Energy Mgmt
Airflow & Water Management
Algorithms
Control Scalable Control Algorithms
Center IAB IAB IAB IAB IAB
Benchmarks Portfolio Benchmark/ Portfolio Benchmark/
Management & Metrics Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment
16.
17. Typical raised floor data center configuration with alternating hot and cold aisle arrangement.
• Model Details:
▫ CFD software FloTHERM
▫ 20 Racks; 4 CRACs
▫ k-ε turbulence model
▫ Boussinesq approximation
▫ 230k grid cells
▫ Plenum depth: 0.3 m
▫ Tile resistance: 50%
▫ 6 monitor points at rack
inlet. Plan view of the 3D View of the the data center under
rack layout for room
17
study.
18. Team:
Sammakia and Murray (BU),
Agonafer (UTA)
60
Inlet Temperature
Goals:
50
40
Develop verified thermal analysis
30
20
tools to provide real time 10
assessment of Data Center
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Time (sec)
operating conditions to enable
Rack A1
operation as dynamic self-
100
% Supply
sensing and self-regulating 60
0 200 400
systems Time (sec)
Enable Data Centers to run at Outcomes:
optimal or near optimal Data showing measured thermal capacity values for
conditions in order to minimize different servers.
energy consumption for a Modeling methodology for data centers transient
broad range of specified response.
performance metrics Design guidelines for thermal management of data
center accounting for both steady state and dynamic
loads.
19. Assessing the Effectiveness of Cold Aisle Containment on the Efficiency of the Data Center Cooling
Infrastructure
Purpose:
◦ Eliminate hot air recirculation.
◦ Eliminate short circuiting of cold air.
◦ Energy efficiency!
Previous problems with fire codes.
Diagram of a data center with hot air recirculation and cold air short
circuiting. (Caption courtesy of www.42U.com) 19
20. Assessing the Effectiveness of Cold Aisle Containment on the Efficiency of the Data Center Cooling
Infrastructure
Cannot totally seal aisle due to pressure and
noise problems.
3 configurations are used for perforated ceiling.
Aim is to keep rack inlet temperature for a cold
aisle uniform.
(a) 3D model in FloTHERM showing perforated ceiling. (b) 3 different configurations used for perforated
ceiling. 20
21. Assessing the Effectiveness of Cold Aisle Containment on the Efficiency of the Data Center Cooling
Infrastructure
All racks powered at 32 kW and CRAC supply is 100%
Rapid drop in inlet
temperature when
sealing the cold
aisle.
Very little variation Maximum rack temperature for various
in inlet temperature perforations.
per rack.
Tile airflow
uniformity and
lower hot air
recirculation
Delta temperature of maximum and minimum
temperature across each rack for various 21
22. Assessing the Effectiveness of Cold Aisle Containment on the Efficiency of the Data Center Cooling
Infrastructure
Average variation of 8 oC with no
containment
Configuration I: average 𝑇 𝑣 is 0.6 oC for 20%
open ceiling.
Temperature profile at height of 1750 mm.
Temperature profile at height of 1750 mm.
22
23. Fan and system curves for CRACs and servers
Steady state and transient models
Impact of thermal capacity
Impact of airflow leaks
Overall thermodynamic models
24. Development of a Compact Model for a Server
Pictures of Top view of the server showing the details of the thermocouple locations (red
thermocouples attached dots). 24
to the server.
25. Development of a Compact Model for a Server
350 12000
Fan 1
Fan Speed (RPM)
300 10000 Fan 2
Power (W)
Fan 3
250
8000 Fan 4
200
6000
150
100 4000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Time (s) Time (s)
Measured power. Measured fan speed.
100
Measured Graphic Card
Measured HDD
Measured RAM 1
90 Measured RAM 2
CPU 1 Heatsink Bottom
CPU 1 Heatsink Top
CPU 2 Heatsink Bottom
80 CPU 2 Heatsink Top
Server Graphic Card
Server HDD
Server RAM 1
70 Server RAM 2
Temperature (oC)
Server CPU 1
Server CPU 2
60
50
40
30
20
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Time (s)
Zoomed in plot of: (a) fan speed,
Temperature measurements of different components inside the server. (b) RAM temperature. 25
26. Analyze time constants for variable power
Analyze the impact of air flow and temperature
fluctuations
Analyze the impact of CRAC failures
Collaborate with Georgia Tech and its partners on
infrastructure measurements
Collaborate with UT on developing a simple
control model for airflow
27. Research agenda is unique in its use of
techniques that synergistically combine: (a)
computing (b) innovative cooling solutions and
thermal management techniques and, (c)
adaptive, pro-active and scalable control system
concepts in devising a system-level solution.
Relevant research is already supported by many
sources, including NSF and industry.
Designation as a NSF I/UCRC is formalizing and
expanding current collaborations with industry
and is enabling development of practical,
deployable, high-impact solutions.
28. Bahgat Sammakia
Interim Vice President for Research
Director
The NSF I/UCRC in Energy-Efficient Electronic Systems
Kand Ghose
Chair, Department of Computer Science
Site Director
The NSF I/UCRC in Energy-Efficient Electronic Systems
Binghamton University
Binghamton, NY
13902-6000
http://s3ip.binghamton.edu