Role of Faculty in Reinventing Indian Higher Education - A Vision for 2030 by Dr. Harivansh Chaturvedi, Director - BIMTECH, Greater Noida, India

1. Role of Faculty in Reinventing Indian Higher Education
A Vision for 2030
Dr Harivansh Chaturvedi,
Director – BIMTECH
Knowledge Park 2, NCR, Greater Noida, Uttar
Pradesh, India

2. Outline
1. Where Do We Stand in the 21st Century As a Nation?
2. How Do We Perceive India as a Knowledge Society?
3. What Milestones have We Achieved During the last 67
Years? (Status of Indian Higher Education)
4. Reinventing Indian Higher Education – A Vision for 2030
5. What Ails Indian Higher Education?
6. What Can Be Done For Indian Higher Education by 2030?
7. What Can An Individual Faculty Do?
8. How Can We become “Engaged” Scholars? – A Model of
Engaged Scholarship
9. Our Icons

3. 1. Where Do We Stand in
the 21st Century As A
Nation?

4. India : From ancient roots to global routes
Soft power:
Reaching out to the world
Tradition of peace and
tolerance, cultural and
scholarly interactions

5. India was considered the richest country on Earth until the
time of the British in the early 17th Century
Are the wheels of time turning…..?
Now, in the 21st century, the elephant is poised for
switching genes and acquire the traits of a tiger
Will the tiger roar?

6. • The second most populous country and the world’s largest democracy,
population: 1.27 bn  1.72bn in 2060;
• A mosaic of multi-cultural, multi-religion and multi-lingual (23 official and
352 regional languages) societies - living in peace and harmony;
• An all-inclusive society with the minorities and weaker sections -
constitutionally protected.
THE IDEA OF INDIA
India celebrates its diversity
"Oneness amongst men,
the advancement of unity in diversity –
this has been the core religion of India.”
- Rabindranath Tagore

7. THE ADVANCE OF INDIA
▪ Among world’s fast growing economies - since 2000
▪ Increasing per capita income - $5032 p.a. on PPP basis
▪ Impressive framework of socio-economic inclusion
▪ Worlds 2nd largest system of education and pool of S & T persons
▪ Galloping mobile phone market (<900M); 200M internet users
▪ India’s ICT infrastructure – largest bandwidth capacity

8. THE OTHER INDIA: EMBRACING CONTRADICTIONS
• Highest English speaking population vs majority of world’s illiterates
• 300 Million middle class vs almost equal below poverty line (BPL)
• High (3rd) in ‘Forbes’ list of billionaires (55) vs 134 on UNDP- HDI
• Launched ‘Mangalyaan’ vs inability to provide safe drinking water
• Promising IT and pharma hub vs home to 40% of world’s child brides
• Legacy of Buddha and Gandhi vs unacceptable violence/corruption

9. 2. How Do We Perceive
India as a Knowledge
Society?

10. Role & Purpose of Education in the
21st Century
“The aim of education is not the acquisition of
information, although important, or acquisition of
technical skills, though essential in modern society, but
the development of that bent of mind, that attitude of
reason, that spirit of democracy which will make us
responsible citizens” - Dr S. Radhakrishnan

11. “No man should escape our universities without
knowing how little he knows”
- J Robert Oppenheimer

12. Three Pillars of Knowledge Domain
▪ Human resources – educated, skilled workforce
▪ Cutting edge R & D - Seamless approach to knowledge
▪ Sustainable cycle of innovations
“Arth Karicheye Vidya”: Create Wealth from Knowledge
- Kautilya (350-283 BC)
Human
capital
Knowledge
capital
Socio-economic
development
HE
S&T
Policy

13. HUMAN CAPITAL - THE INDIAN CONTEXT
▪ An exceptionally young & vibrant nation – ‘YOUNGISTAN’
population below the age of 30 : 54% (Median age 26.5 y)
▪ Resilient people, skilled in adaptive innovations
▪ An exploding education system - 20-25 M;
▪ Inadequate investment ~ 4% of GDP; HE ~1%
Imperatives of people as a renewable resource for
competitive edge, knowledge creation and innovation
“Education is simply the soul of a society as it
passes from one generation to another”
- G. K. Chesterton
Idea deficit, quality issues, missing navigational tools, skill gaps,
unemployablity….

14. Re-purposing Education
Evolving role
Traditional role
▪ Encouraging professional growth and
satisfying individual aspirations
▪ To meet the human resource needs – work
force for nation building
▪ Repository of nation’s scholarly resources
▪ To create a pool of enlightened citizenry
• Building human capacity for competitive edge
• Fusion of legitimate life goals with values
• Training and grasping the ideas of
sustainability
• To shape a more inclusive and equitable
world order – Global citizenry
‘World of work’

15. New learning paradigms
• Digital learning – leaps in access and content
• 24x7 and life long learning (one India school-house)
• Synergizing formal and informal learning
"to teach is to model and demonstrate, to learn is to practice and reflect”
• Sniffing, blending disciplinary flavors & skills
• Flexi-learning - options to switch
Think it – Learn it
Enabling technologies…
3D printing, virtual expt.,
augmented reality….
Connectivity
Access
Content

16. The illiterates of 21st century will not be those who
do not know how to read and write, but those who
do not know how to Learn, Un-Learn and Re-Learn
-Alwyn Toffler in ‘Future Shock

17. 3. What Milestones have We
Achieved During the last 67 years?
(Status of Indian Higher Education)

18. Growth of Universities and Colleges
Year Universities Colleges
1950-51
1960-61
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
2000-01
2010-11
2011-12
3
55
103
133
190
256
634
700+
695
1542
3604
4722
7346
16885
33023
35000+

19. India’s GER (1950-2020)
0.40%
11% 11.89% 12.74% 13.58%
15%
19%
25.20%
30%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
1950-51 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2011-12 2012-13 2017-18 2020-21

20. GER for Male and Female
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
Male Female
22.80%
15.80%

21. GER of Select Countries
20%
30%
15%
83%
57%
71%
62%
77%
68%
34%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%

22. Average Age in 2020
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Europe USA Japan India
47
40
46
29

23. Transaction From Higher
Secondary to Higher Education
61.46% 61.69%
67.55%
58.00%
59.00%
60.00%
61.00%
62.00%
63.00%
64.00%
65.00%
66.00%
67.00%
68.00%
69.00%
2007 2008 2009

24. 6566
7013
7496
4036 4270
5064
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
12th Pass-outs (in 000's)
in HEI (in 000's)
Students Transiting From
Higher Secondary to Higher Education

25. Growth of Teaching Staff in
Universities and Colleges
Year No. of Teaching
Staff
Fold Increase
1950-51
1960-61
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
2000-01
2010-11
23549
59073
128876
193341
263125
411628
816966
0
2.53
5.47
8.21
11.17
17.48
34.69

26. Student-Teacher Ratio in
Selected Countries
0 5 10 15 20 25
United States
United Kingdom
Sweden
Russian Federation
India
China
Canada
Brazil
Argentina
13.6
18
9.5
18.1
24
16.8
17.4
22.2
16.3

27. Proportion of Universities and
Colleges accredited by NAAC
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Eligible and not accredited Eligible and accredited
76%
24%
Universities

28. Proportion of Universities and
Colleges accredited by NAAC
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Eligible and not accredited Eligible and accredited
83%
17%
Colleges

29. 4. Reinventing Indian Higher
Education :A Vision for 2030
• India has augmented its GER 50% while also reducing
disparity in GER across states to 5 percentage points
• 25 Indian universities are among the global top 200, going
from none two decades ago
• In the last 20 years alone, 6 Indian intellectuals have been
awarded the Nobal Prize across categories
• India is a regional hub for higher education, attracting
global learners from all over the world
• India is the single largest provider of global talent, with
one in four graduates in the world being a product of the
Indian system

30. • India is among the top five countries globally in research output, its
research capabilities boosted by annual R&D spends totaling over
US$ 140 billion
• India is the fourth cycle of its research excellence framework, with
at least a 100 of Indian universities competing with the global best
• The Indian higher education system is needs-blind, with all eligible
students receiving financial aid. Two-thirds of all government
spending towards higher education is spent on individuals,
including faculty and students
• India’s massive open online courses, started by several elite
research universities, collectively enroll 60% of the world’s entire
student population
• Indian higher education institutions are governed by the highest
standards of ethics and accountability, with every single one of
them being peer-reviewed and accredited

31. India will have the largest population in
the world, in the higher education age
bracket by 2030
Increasing urbanization and income
levels will drive demand for higher
education

32. India is expected to become the
most populous country by 2030
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
India China US Indonesia Brazil
1,461 1,391
366
275 224
Population in 2030 (in million)

33. Its population, aged between 18-23 years is expected
to reach 142 million by 2030, accounting for 10% of
the total global population
128
130
132
134
136
138
140
142
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
133
137
140
142 142
Estimated population in
the age group of 18-23
years (in million)
CAGR 0.3%

34. India’s urban population is expected to grow faster
than its overall population and is estimated to
account for 41% by 2030
32%
41%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
2011 2013
Growth Urban Population (in million)
Growth Urban Population
(in million)
CAGR 2.4%

35. India’s real GDP per capita is expected to grow at
a CAGR of 5.9%, higher than emerging market’s
average of 5.4% and global avg of 4%
3,439
3,784
5,190
7,099
9,090
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
2013 2015 2020 2025 2030
Real GDP per capita in
2030 (in US$ billion at 2005
PPP)
CAGR 5.9%

36. India’s economy is expected to
grow at a fast pace; industry
and services sectors will further
dominate the economy

37. India is expected to be the fastest growing
economy in the World over the next 15-20
years
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
China US India Japan Brazil
6.60%
2.50%
6.70%
1.10%
3.90%
Real GDP in 2030 (in US$
billion at 2005 PPP)

38. Industry and Services Sectors are expected
to contribute ~92% of India’s GDP by 2030
15%
28%
57%
8%
24%
68%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Agriculture Industry Services
FY 10
FY 30
GDP : Share estimates by sector (Percentage)

39. Industry and Service Sectors in
India would require a gross
incremental workforce of ~250
million by 2030; India could
potentially emerge as a global
supplier of skilled manpower

40. While the net incremental workforce required in the industry and
service sectors is ~145 million, the gross incremental manpower
needed is estimated at ~250 million given retirements/drop outs
0
50
100
150
200
250
Agriculture Industry Services
245
99
116
212
191
169
FY 10
FY 30
Employment estimated by Sector (in million)

41. With a median age of 32 years in 2030
39
42
49
52
37
44
43
32
35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
United States
United Kingdom
Germany
Japan
Iran
Russia
China
India
Brazil
Projected median age in years (2030)
Projected median age in
years (2030)

42. 47
Mn
19
Mn 7
Mn
3Mn
5Mn
3Mn
India
Bangladesh
PakistanIran
Brazil
Mexico
Philippines
5Mn
4Mn
Vietnam
2Mn
Turkey
Figure 2: Potential surplus population in working age group (2020)
-10
Mn
China
-6
Mn
Russia
5Mn
Indonesia
1Mn
Malaysia
0Mn
Ireland
Israel
0Mn
Future Demographic Map
Iraq
2Mn
-1
Mn
Czech
Republic
Note: Potential workforce surplus is calculated keeping the ratio of working population (age group 15 – 59) to total population constant and under
the assumption that this ratio needs to be broadly constant to support economic growth. Therefore, India will have 47 Million more people in
the working age group/total population by 2020 compared to today, while France will have a deficit of 3 Million people in the working age
group compared to today.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; BCG Analysis
4Mn
Egypt
-17Mn
US
-2 Mn
UK
-2 Mn
Italy
-3 MnFrance
-9 Mn Japan
-0.5
Mn
Australia
-3 MnSpain
-3 Mn
Germany

43. 5. What Ails Indian Higher
Education?

44. Existing deficiency
• Significant disparities in higher education
across genders, social groups and geographies
• Low employability of graduates perceived by
industry
• Lagging behind other countries in university
rankings and research output

45. Curricula and pedagogy
• Outdated curricula not reflecting the
requirements of dynamic market environment
Faculty
• Vacant faculty positions, even in top institutions
• Inadequate teacher training
• High student teacher ratios

46. Research
• Low focus on research, even in top institutions
• Lack of industry involvement to drive industry
oriented research
International Partnerships
• High quality partnerships with foreign
institutions restricted to a few institutions

47. Infrastructure
• Most institutions not meeting infrastructure
norms
• Upkeep and maintenance is poor
• Allocated funding for infrastructure
development not being utilized effectively

48. Funding
• Public Spending on higher education is not
sufficient
• Low government spending on research
relative to other countries
Governance / Leadership
• Multiple regulatory bodies with duplication
and ambiguity of regulations
• Regulatory bodies are unable to transfer
themselves as bodies for nurturing higher
education

49. 6. What Can Be Done By
2030?

50. Critical Need of A Differentiated
System of Institutions
Research-
focused
institutions
Career-focused
institutions
Foundation institutions
➢High-quality institutions with research and
innovation as the prime focus
➢Critical role in addressing intellectual
imperatives
➢Institutions offering technical/professional
courses, with a focus on producing industry-ready
graduates
➢Critical role in addressing economic imperatives
➢Institutions offering a wide range of courses
aimed at providing a well-rounded and holistic
education to India’s masses
➢ Imparting skills that are relevant to the local
industry/community
➢Critical role in addressing social imperatives

51. Curricula and Pedagogy
• Adopt a learner-centered paradigm of education
• Introduce multi-disciplinary, industry oriented,
entrepreneurship, and skill-based courses
• Include course on social science and general
awareness for social development
• Encourage lifelong learning for professionals
• Provide students the choice of entry/exit from
the higher education system
• Adopt new pedagogical techniques: blended
learning, flipped classroom, experiential learning

52. Faculty
• Ease faculty recruitment norms and offer
incentive for attracting faculty
• Retain high-quality faculty by implementing
tenure based and rewards-based system
• Incentivize/facilitate faculty development and
exchange program with top end institutions

53. Research
• Attract best-in-class faculty to conduct research
• Adopt the mentor model to develop research
capabilities in Indian institutions
• Promote collaborations with national and
international institutions, industry, and research
center for generating high-quality basic and
applied research
• Encourage community-focused/development
oriented research at academics institutions

54. Partnerships
• Strengthen industry-academia linkages across
all aspects of the education value chain, from
curricula and faculty to infrastructure,
research, and placements.
• Encourage tie-ups between higher education
institutions and provider of skill-based training
to conduct skilling modules

55. Infrastructure
• Target capacity enhancement for socially and
geographically-deficient segments
• Incentivize high-quality private and foreign
participation
• Widen access through virtual classrooms and
MOOCS
• Leverage Government initiatives in technology
such as NKN, NMEICT and NPTEL

56. Funding
• Provide competitive access to public
research grant to all institutions
• Encourage corporate and alumni funding
• Link public funding to institutional
performance
• Promote individual based funding

57. Governance/Leadership
• Simplify the regulatory framework, move
increasingly towards autonomy and self
regulation of institutions, introduce mandatory
accreditation
• Enforce mandatory disclosure of key financial and
operational information by all institutions, create
a centralized repository of all info related to
higher education in India
• Provide a thrust to internationalization of
leadership, separate ownership and management
for effective governance

58. 7. What Can An Individual
Faculty do?
•View yourself as more than a teacher
- Instead, as an “engaged scholar”
•Benchmark against the best
- Continuous improvement
- Stretch targets, deliberate practice
•Focus & Strategic Intent
- A burning desire to be known as an expert in that field
•Manage your time judiciously
- Align teaching, research and writing

59. 8. How Can We become “engaged”
Scholars?
A Model of Engaged Scholarship
Academic
Journals
IMPACT
Research
Exec Ed
Programs
Conferences
Thought
Leadership
Post
Graduate
Programs
Books
Practitioner
Journals
Professional
Activity
Faculty
Chairs
Board
Positions
Relevance
InsightRigor
Doctoral
Program
Under
Graduate
Programs

60. 9. Our Icons
Let us Resolve To follow Footsteps of
Eminent Educationists Who Have Build
Indian Education Brick-by-brick, Layer-by
layer !

61. Rabindra Nath Tagore
Pt Madan Mohan
Malviya
Dr S Radhakrishnan

62. Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad
Sir Syed Ahmad
Khan
Sir Ashutosh
Mukherjee

63. Dr C D Deshmukh Dr D S Kothari Dr K N Raj

64. Acharya
Narendra Dev
Dr Zakir
Hussain
Dr Shanti Swarup
Bhatnagar

65. Thank you !