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E-Money: What it means for Mobile Money Andrew Zerzan Regulatory Projects Director
Quote from a Regulator “ E-moneyis an important way to increase financial inclusion. Customer funds need to be safe.  We have made this happen with MNOsin our country. ” - East African Central Banker
Overview Defining e-money How e-money actually works in mobile money Why is it so popular amongst MNOs? Regulation – what regulators want to see Funds protection Financial system stability Crime prevention 5 Questions to ask yourself for regulatory engagement
What is e-money? Gift cards, gift certificates, pre-paid cards Electronic form of cash – different than airtime 1:1 relationship e-money to cash stored Different than a bank account – bank deposits become loans
How e-money actually works in mobile e-money e-money Bank (holds pooled account) e-money MNO (e-money issuer) Customer Cash Cash Agent
How e-money actually works in mobile – agent side Agent puts cash in pooled bank account Bank tells MNO of agent deposit so e-money system is always equal to amount in the bank. MNO credits the agent’s m-wallet 2. Info sharing MNO (manages e-money) Bank (holds pooled account) 3. e-money 1. Cash Agent
How e-money actually works in mobile - customer Customer hands cash to an agent Agent tells provider to transfer equivalent amount of e-money to customer Provider credits customer m-wallet e-money e-money MNO (e-money issuer) Customer 1. Cash Agent
Why is it so popular among MNOs? MNO maintains ownership of the customer relationship.  Direct management of customer accounts and activities Simplifies customer experience, no need for customer to be lost for support or resolutions Can enable direct license to give MNO better footing in the relationship with the partner bank Has greater potential to reduce regulatory burden  Avoids costly a bank license Helps avoid regulatory compliance “baggage” that often arises when a partner bank’s license is used E-money E-money E-money E-money
What regulators want to see Still, there are responsibilities for e-money issuers Three core issues MNOs must tackle:  ,[object Object]
The financial system’s stability measures
Processes that prevent crimes like money laundering,[object Object]
Financial System Stability Regulators’ Views Concentration risk concerns  One MM customer with too big of a withdrawal: localised liquidity crisis? If the pooled account is huge, a bank could be too reliant on it as a base.  A large exodus of’ cash in a short period could crash the bank – U.S. financial crisis! Solutions Limit customer account size Reduces exposure the activity of a single customer Split pooled account as it grows to multiple banks Ensures no bank is overly exposed to the MM system
Crime Prevention Regulators’ View System could be used by criminals Drug dealers will take their profits into the financial system, move them to hide illicit origins Terrorist funding will move around to complicate the trace back to the original donor Laws require providers take measures to reduce their risk exposure  . Solutions ,[object Object]
Have systems in place to monitor, detect and report suspicions
E-money is often lower risk so may justify lower reduced measures,[object Object]

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E money guide presentation

  • 1. E-Money: What it means for Mobile Money Andrew Zerzan Regulatory Projects Director
  • 2. Quote from a Regulator “ E-moneyis an important way to increase financial inclusion. Customer funds need to be safe. We have made this happen with MNOsin our country. ” - East African Central Banker
  • 3. Overview Defining e-money How e-money actually works in mobile money Why is it so popular amongst MNOs? Regulation – what regulators want to see Funds protection Financial system stability Crime prevention 5 Questions to ask yourself for regulatory engagement
  • 4. What is e-money? Gift cards, gift certificates, pre-paid cards Electronic form of cash – different than airtime 1:1 relationship e-money to cash stored Different than a bank account – bank deposits become loans
  • 5. How e-money actually works in mobile e-money e-money Bank (holds pooled account) e-money MNO (e-money issuer) Customer Cash Cash Agent
  • 6. How e-money actually works in mobile – agent side Agent puts cash in pooled bank account Bank tells MNO of agent deposit so e-money system is always equal to amount in the bank. MNO credits the agent’s m-wallet 2. Info sharing MNO (manages e-money) Bank (holds pooled account) 3. e-money 1. Cash Agent
  • 7. How e-money actually works in mobile - customer Customer hands cash to an agent Agent tells provider to transfer equivalent amount of e-money to customer Provider credits customer m-wallet e-money e-money MNO (e-money issuer) Customer 1. Cash Agent
  • 8. Why is it so popular among MNOs? MNO maintains ownership of the customer relationship. Direct management of customer accounts and activities Simplifies customer experience, no need for customer to be lost for support or resolutions Can enable direct license to give MNO better footing in the relationship with the partner bank Has greater potential to reduce regulatory burden Avoids costly a bank license Helps avoid regulatory compliance “baggage” that often arises when a partner bank’s license is used E-money E-money E-money E-money
  • 9.
  • 10. The financial system’s stability measures
  • 11.
  • 12. Financial System Stability Regulators’ Views Concentration risk concerns One MM customer with too big of a withdrawal: localised liquidity crisis? If the pooled account is huge, a bank could be too reliant on it as a base. A large exodus of’ cash in a short period could crash the bank – U.S. financial crisis! Solutions Limit customer account size Reduces exposure the activity of a single customer Split pooled account as it grows to multiple banks Ensures no bank is overly exposed to the MM system
  • 13.
  • 14. Have systems in place to monitor, detect and report suspicions
  • 15.
  • 16. Q&A GSMA Tool: E:Money a Guide for MNOs now in draft for your comment. Will be available on MMU Blog website www.mmublog.org later this month Thank you Andrew Zerzan azerzan@gsm.org
  • 17. Q&A Unanswered questions? Send them to: e-mail mmu@gsm.org SMS +60123211275 (include your name) or