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E – HEALTHCARE
A
Major Project Report
Submitted by:
JAGJEET SURYAWANSHI (0887CS171002)
LAVKUSH PATKAR (0887CS171006)
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Under the Guidance
of
DR. UMESH BANODHA
(HOD, CSE)
DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
JHABUA, M.P. (INDIA) - 457661
(AFFILIATED TO RGPV, BHOPAL, M.P. (INDIA)
JUNE 2021
1
DECLARATION
We Jagjeet Suryawanshi(0887CS171002) and Lavkush Patkar(0887CS171006),
hereby declare that this project work entitled “E-Healthcare” was carried out by
us under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Umesh Banodha, HOD, Department of CSE,
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam University Institute Of Technology, Jhabua (M.P.). This
project work is submitted to Department of Computer Science and Engineering
during the academic year 2020-2021.
Place:
Date:
Name Signature
ii
1
DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JHABUA
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SESSION 2020-2021
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
This is to certify that the work embodies in this report entitled “E-Healthcare”
being submitted by Jagjeet Suryawanshi (0887CS171002)And Lavkush patkar
(0887CS171006),who carried out the project work under our supervision and
guidance in the “Department of Computer Science & Engineering”, Dr. APJ
Abdul Kalam University Institute Of Technology, Jhabua (M.P.).
(Internal Examiner) (External Examiner)
Name: Prof. Lalsingh Chouhan Name:
Designation:AP Designation:
Institute: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT, Jhabua Institute:
Date: Date:
iii
1
DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JHABUA
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SESSION 2020-2021
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodies in this report entitled “E-Healthcare”
being submitted by Jagjeet Suryawanshi (0887CS171002) And Lavkush
Patkar (0887CS171006) , who carried out the project work under my
supervision and guidance in the “Department of Computer Science &
Engineering”, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT, Jhabua (M.P.).
Guided & Approved By: Forwarded By:
Dr. Umesh Banodha Dr. Umesh Banodha
HOD HOD
Department of CSE Department of CSE
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT, Jhabua Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT, Jhabua
iv
1
ABSTRACT
The main motive of introducing these “E - HEALTHCARE” system is to promote
online health care services. Because lack of specialists is major problem in small
towns. But E-healthcare provides online services like online treatment. It will be
beneficial for all those peoples located in Small towns and the patients who have to
take regular treatment, travel a lot where there is a lack of medical facilities.
E- Healthcare is a web based project system which deals with online checkup
through video conferencing & doctor gives online prescription. The project is very
helpful to doctor, receptionist and public.
People can book appointments online by approaching the website of E- healthcare.
And people can also download their lab reports. people can discuss their health
related issues via video conferencing and get doctor useful prescription.
E-Healthcare system is an computerized system designed and programmed to deal
with day to day records like appointment, interaction and management activities.
It is also maintain patient records.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Knowledge is expression of experience gained in life. It is the choicest possession
that should be happily shared with others.
In this regards We feel great pleasure in submitting this minor project report on “E-
HEALTHCARE”. It gives me immense pleasure to express my deepest sense of
gratitude and sincere thanks to my highly respected and esteemed guide “Dr.
Umesh Banodha” (Dept. of CSE), Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT, Jhabua for their
valuable guidance, encouragement and help for completing this work. Their useful
suggestions for this whole work and co-operative behavior are sincerely
acknowledged. During this project, we received a lot of help, advice and co-
operation from our esteemed faculty and other distinguished persons. We would
also like to thank “Prof. Dr. Umesh Banodha” (H.O.D. Dept. of CSE) for their
valuable guidance through the course of project without whose encouragement the
project wouldn’t have been a success.
We are grateful to our Principal Dr. “K.S. Chandel” and college authorities for
their support and all those who have directly or indirectly helped us during the
project work.
At the end I would like to express my sincere thanks to all my friends and others
who helped me directly or indirectly during this project work.
Submited by
Jagjeet Suryawanshi (0887CS171002)
Lavkush Patkar (0887CS171006)
vi
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration i
Certificate of approval ii
Certificate iii
Abstract v
Acknowledgement vi
List of Figures ix
CHAPTER 1. Introduction
1.1 Problem definition
1.2 Aim and Objective
1.3 Scope
1.4 Project Specifications
1.5 Definitions
CHAPTER 2. Analysis
2.1 System requirement analysis
2.2 System feasibility
2.2.1 Technical feasibility
2.2.2 Economical feasibility
2.3 Functional Requirements
2.4 Non - Functional Requirements
2.5 Platform specification
2.5.1 Hardware interface
2.5.2 Software interface
vii
1
2.6 Frameworks Description
2.7 Use-Case diagrams
CHAPTER 3 Methodology
CHAPTER 4 Design and Implementation
4.1 E-R diagram
4.2 Data-Flow Design
4.3 Activity diagram
4.4 Sequence diagram
4.5 Class diagram
CHAPTER 5 Implementation and Testing
CHAPTER 6 User Manual
6.1 Screen Layouts
6.2 Output Reports
6.3 Limitations & Future Enhancements
6.4 Conclusion
6.5 References
viii
1
List of figures
s.no Figure name Page no.
12
2
18
3
19
4
22
5
24
6
27
1 Use case diagram
ER diagram
Data flow diagram
Activity diagram
Sequence diagram
Class diagram
ix
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1. Introduction
E- Healthcare is a web based project which includes registration of the patients, storing their
details into system, doctor advice via video conferencing and lab reports facility, where patient
can discuss health related problems and ends with doctors useful prescription.
In E-healthcare people can book appointment online by approaching the website of E-
healthcare.
The portal has the facility of assigning a unique id to every patient and stores the details of every
patients treatment ,about the staff and doctor automatically. User can search availability of free
schedules of doctors & can book accordingly.
1.1 Problem definition :-
There always been a lack of availability of specialists and quality treatment at small towns .
Also the diseases like cancer which requires expertise and long term treatment patient have to
move to those hospitals which generally present in big cities, they need regularly checkups in
weeks or say months .
In these pandemic situation it surely not good for these critical patients to travel . Old citizens
which are dependent on other to took them to hospitals.
All them needs a platform where in mild condition patient can get a proper prescription &
guidance with the best specialist at their locality . With E-Healthcare we are providing the
same online .
1.2 Aim and objective :-
 To facilitate best medical facility at small towns where the lack of specialist.
 It is helpful for regular patients who need regular checkup and need to travel a lot.
 E – healthcare helps in boosting up hospital range.
 Cost effective.
 User friendly interface.
2
1.3 Scope
E-healthcare website will be provided to healthcare purpose doctors, hospitals and public.
Specialist doctors will be added on this website. And through which patients will be able to get a
prescription online from a doctor.
The scope of the E-healthcare is as follows:
Existing system :-
Platforms provides the facility for online doctors prescription but for the diseases which needed
long term treatment like cancer.
Some application which provides nutritionist prescription .Deliver the nutrition product based on
deficiency. Again these app fails to satisfy regular patients need. Because which facilitate
Registrations for users and discussion forum.
Drawback:- No video conferencing interaction and doctor does not provide prescription online.
Proposed System ;-
We here proposed a e-healthcare system for hospital who provides the facility for the patients
who are located in small towns ,or the old citizens which are dependent to took them to hospital
can maintain their regular treatment via video conferencing ,online prescription to their
specialist in scheduled time .
our plan :-
 Registration for users.
 Online Appointment booking.
 Online Video conferencing between doctor and patient.
 Online prescription from doctor.
1.4 Project Specifications :-
With E- healthcare provide to facilitate best medical facility at small towns and remote areas
where to lack of specialist. It is helpful for regular patients who need regular checkup and need to
travel a lot.
3
1.5 Definitions :-
HTML : Hypertext markup language
HTML or Hypertext markup language is the standard markup language used to
create webpages.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in
angle brackets (like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1>
and </h1>, although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for
example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end
tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags). Though not always
necessary, it is best practice toappend a slash to tags which are not paired with a
closing tag. HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites.
CSS : CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS):
It is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a
document written in a markup language. While most often used to style
webpages and interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be
applied to anykind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL.
CSS is a cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web pages use
CSS style sheets to describe theirpresentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from
documentpresentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts.[1]
This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and
control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to
share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content .
4
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for
different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read
outby a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile
devices. It can alsobe used to allow the web page to display differently depending
on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed. While the author of a
document typically links that document to a CSS file, readers can use a different
style sheet, perhaps one on their owncomputer, to override the one the author has
specified. However if the author or the reader did not link the document to a
specific style sheet the default style of the browserwill be applied.
JavaScript :
JavaScript is a dynamic computer programming language. It is lightweight and
most commonly used as a part of web pages, whose implementations allow
client-side script to interact with the user and make dynamic pages. It is an
interpreted programming language with object-oriented capabilities.
It is a language which is also characterized as dynamic, weakly typed,
prototype-based and multi-paradigm. Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is
one of the three core technologies of the World Wide Web. JavaScript enables
interactive web pages and thus is an essential part of web applications. The vast
majority of websites use it, and all major web browsers have a dedicated
JavaScript engine to execute it.
 JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted programming language.
 Designed for creating network-centric applications.
 Complementary to and integrated with Java.
 Complementary to and integrated with HTML.
 Open and cross-platform.
5
MySQL :
MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation. MySQL
is a database system used on the web it runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both
small and large applications. It is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. It supports
standard SQL. MySQL can be compiled on a number of platforms.
The data in MySQL is stored in tables. A table is a collection of related data, and it
consists of columns and rows. Databases are useful when storing information
categorically.
PHP :
 PHP is an acronym for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor".
 PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language.
 PHP scripts are executed on the server.
 PHP costs nothing, it is free to download and use.
PHP File :
 PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
 PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the
browser asplain HTML
 PHP files have extension ".php"
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1.6 Modules :-
It’s having mainly SEVERAL modules : -
1.6.1 Admin module :-
 Manage department of users, doctors, lab reports, patient history ccounts.
 Watch appointment of doctors.
 Watch transaction report of patient payment.
 Watch lab reports.
1.6.2 Patient module :-
 view appointment schedules and check doctor status.
 Book appointments.
 View prescription.
 Manage own profile.
1.6.3 Doctor module :-
 Manage appointment with patients.
 Create prescription for patient.
 Watch lab reports.
 Manage own profile.
7
2. Analysis
2.1 System Requirement Analysis :-
After analyzing the requirement of the task to be performed, the next step is to analyze the
problem and understand its context. The first activity in the phase is studying the existing system
and other is to understand the requirement and domain of the new system. Both the activity are
equally important , but the first activity serves as a basis of giving the functional specifications
and then successful design of the proposed system. Understanding the properties and
requirement of a new system is more difficult and require creative thinking and understanding of
existing running system is also difficult , improper understanding of present system can lead
diversion from solution.
2.2 System feasibility :-
Since whenever a new system is created . we have to check ll the aspects our manner involve in
creation of system.
2.2.1 Technical feasibility :-
A study of resource availability that may affect the availability to achieve an acceptable system.
This evolution determines the whether the technology needed for the proposed system is
available or not.
This is concerned with specifying equipment and software will successfully satisfy the user
requirement. The technical needs of the system may include:
Front end and back-end selection:
An important issue for the development of a project is the selection of suitable front-end and
back-end. When we decide to develop the project we went through an extensive study to
determine the most suitable platform that suits that needs of the organization as well as help in
development of project.
8
The aspects of our study included the following factors.
Front-end selection
 It must have a graphical user interface that assists employee that are not from IT
background.
 Scalability.
 Flexibility.
 Robustness.
 Platform independent.
 Easy to debug and maintain.
Backend-selection
 Multiple user support.
 Operating system compatible.
 Effective data retrieval and maintenance.
 Effective data handling.
 Easy to implement with the front end.
 Stored procedure.
2.2.2 Economical feasibility :-
Economical feasibility includes a broad range concerns that includes cost benefit analysis. In this
we weight the cost and the benefits associated with the candidate system and if it suits the basic
purpose of the organization i.e. profit making.
 The cost of hardware and software for the class of application being considered.
 The benefits is the form of reduced cost.
 The feasibility check whether the system can be developed with the available funds.
 The E-healthcare does not require enormous amount of money to be developed. This can
be done economically if plan judicially. So it is economically feasible. The cost of
project depends upon the number of man-hours required.
9
2.3 Functional requirement :-
There are a lot of functional requirement of the E-healthcare system which contains various
process , namely :-
 Registration
 Appointment booking.
 Booking confirmation.
 Video conferencing.
 Online prescription.
 Upload lab report.
 Patient history.
2.4 Non functional Requirement :-
There are lot of non functional requirement of the system which contains usability, efficiency,
reliability, maintainability and security.
Usability : The interface should use terms and concepts, which drawn from the experience of
the people who will make most of the system.
Efficiency : The system must provide easy and fast access without consuming more cost.
Reliability : Use should never be surprised by the behavior of the system and its easy to use
stored data easy to used transfer voice data. The system shall be available all the time.
Maintainability : There will be no maintenance required for the software . the database is
provided by the end user and therefore is maintained by the user. The system shall provide the
capability to backup data. The system shall keep a log of all the errors.
Security : The system is provided with authentication without which no user can pass. So only
the legitimate users are allowed to use the application.
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2.5 platform specification
2.5.1 Hardware interface
 Intel core I5 processor.
 1.5 Ghz processor.
 4 GB RAM.
2.5.2 Software interface
 frontend : HTML ,CSS , Java script
 Backend : MYSQL
 Middle End : PHP
 Framework : Bootstrap
11
2.6 Framework description : Bootstrap
Bootstrap is front-end framework and collection of tools and mechanisms for building web
applications. It consists of HTML and CSS based design templates for navigations, forms,
buttons, typography, and other interface elements, and also JavaScript extensions.
Bootstrap is free and open source, and its purpose is to make easy the development of dynamic
websites and web applications.
Bootstrap is a HTML, CSS & JS Library that focuses on simplifying the development of
informative web pages (as opposed to web apps). The primary purpose of adding it to a web
project is to apply Bootstrap's choices of color, size, font and layout to that project. As such, the
primary factor is whether the developers in charge find those choices to their liking. Once added
to a project, Bootstrap provides basic style definitions for all HTML elements. The result is a
uniform appearance for prose, tables and form elements across web browsers. In addition,
developers can take advantage of CSS classes defined in Bootstrap to further customize the
appearance of their contents. For example, Bootstrap has provisioned for light- and dark-colored
tables, page headings, more prominent pull quotes, and text with a highlight.
Significant changes include:
 Major rewrite of the code.
 Replacing Less with Sass.
 Addition of reboot a collection of element-specific CSS changes in a single file, based on
normalize.
 CSS Flexible Box support.
 Adding navigation customization options Adding responsive spacing and sizing utilities.
12
2.7 Use-Case diagram
2.7.1 Overall Use-Case :-
13
2.7.2 Doctor Use-Case :
xxiii
Fig. - 2.7.3 PATIENT USE CASE : E- HEALTHCARE
2.7.3 Patient Use-Case :
14
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Fig. – 3.1
Implementation
3 METHODOLOGY
ITERATIVE WATERFALL MODEL :
Waterfall Model is one of the most widely used Software Development Process. It is also called
as "Linear Sequential model" or the "classic life cycle" or iterative model.
It is widely used in the commercial development projects. It is called so because here, we move
to next phase (step) after getting input from previous phase, like in a waterfall, water flows down
to from the upper steps. The reason of use of iterative waterfall methodology in our E- healthcare
project because its easy to maintain. It is very simple to understand and use.
In this iterative waterfall model Software Development process is divided into Six phases:-
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Folowing are the phases in waterfall model.
Requirement Analysis :
The complete service documentation will be prepared in this stage by the developers who will be
consulting with the client. The client will provide their necessities along with constrains and flow
of work. The developers will analyze the given information to create the documentation both for
developers and clients.
Design :
The system design process than, based on the approved project documentation, define the
software and hardware requirements for the project . the software architecture will be built which
will include modules and their relations . at the end of system developers will exactly know
what they are going to develop, what are the problems to be solved, how the parts will be
integrated etc.
Implementation :
At the stage all the parts of the system will be developed and those will be tested separately to
find out if reach part is working expected. if bugs were found, those will be solved to. At the end
of this stage , all the parts of the system are supposed to working accurately as desired.
Testing : Integration and system testing
At this stage, the system approved system parts will be integrated into one complete system. The
complete system will than be tested again to see if meets the requirements approved in the first
stage, if any bugs were found, those will be solved.
Maintenance :
At this stage , the fully functional system will be put top real life use. Errors or bugs which will
now be discovered will be solved too. The maintenance part continuous with system
enhancement and along with changes in requirements which might cause new development or
changes in system.
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Advantages of iterative waterfall model :
 The waterfall model is simple and easy to understand, to implement and use.
 All the requirements are known at the beginning of the project, hence it is easy to
manage.
 It avoids overlapping of phase because each phase is completed as one.
 This models works for small projects were the requirements are easily understood.
 Feedback Path: In the classical waterfall model, there are no feedback paths, so there is
no mechanism for error correction. But in iterative waterfall model feedback path from
one phase to its preceding phase allows correcting the errors that are committed and these
changes are reflected in the later phases.
Disadvantages of iterative waterfall model :
 Difficult to incorporate change requests.
 Incremental delivery not supported.
 Overlapping of phases not supported.
 Risk handling not supported.
 Limited customer interactions
17
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4.1 E-R diagram :
4. DESIGN
18
Fig. 4.2.1
4.2 Data flow diagram : DFD Level - 0
19
DFD Level - 1
Fig. 4.2.2
20
USER
Fig. 4.2.3
DFD Level - 2
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xxxi
Fig. – 4.3.1 USER LOGIN: E-HEALTHCARE
4.3 Activity Diagram :
4.3.1 User Login Activity Diagram
22
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4.3.2 Web cam interaction Activity Diagram :-
23
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4.4 Sequence diagram :
4.4.1 Sequence Diagram for Admin :-
ADMIN Login Home Appointment Transaction Views Reports Logout
24
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4.4.2 Sequence Diagram for doctor :-
25
35
4.4.3 Sequence Diagram for patient :-
Patient Login Home Appointments Views Logout
26
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PATIENT
ADMIN DOCTOR
Fig. 4.5 CLASS DIAGRAM : E - HEALTHCARE
4.5 Class diagram :
27
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5.1 SYSTEM TESTING :
5. TESTING
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover every
conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the functionality of
components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the process of exercising
software with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its requirements and user
expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each
test type addresses a specific testing requirement.
TYPES OF TESTING:
Unit testing:
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is
functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and
internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the
application .it is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a
structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests
perform basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and
system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs
accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected
results.
Integration testing:
Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they actually
run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic outcome of
screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were individually
satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is correct
and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that a rise from
the combination of components.
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Functional test:
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as
specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user manuals.
Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key functions, or
special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify Business process flows;
data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be considered for testing.
Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified and the effective value of
current tests is determined.
System Test:
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets requirements. It tests a
configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of system testing is the
configuration oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process descriptions
and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.
White Box Testing:
White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has knowledge of the inner
workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose. It is purpose. It is used
to test areas that cannot be reached from a black box level.
.
Black Box Testing:
Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner workings, structure
or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kinds of tests, must be
written from a definitive source document, such as specification or requirements document, such
as specification or requirements document. It is a testing in which the software
under test is treated, as a black box .you cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and
responds to outputs without considering how the software works.
29
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Unit Testing: Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase of
the software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing to be conducted
as two distinct phases.
Test strategy and approach
Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in detail.
Features to be tested
 Verify that the entries are of the correct format.
 No duplicate entries should be allowed.
 All links should take the user to the correct page.
Integration Testing:
Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or more integrated
software components on a single platform to produce failures caused by interface defects.
The task of the integration test is to check that components or software applications.
e.g. components in a software system or one step up software applications at the company level
interact without error.
Test Results:
All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.
Acceptance Testing:
User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant participation
by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional requirements.
Test Results:
All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.
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6.1 Screen Layouts :-
6. USER MANUAL
31
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6.2 Output reports:-
6.2.1 Registration Interface:-
32
42
6.2.2 Login interface:-
33
43
6.2.3 Services:-
34
44
6.2.4 Other Pages:-
35
45
36
46
6.2.5 Contact Us:-
37
47
38
48
39
49
6.3 Limitation and future enhancements :
• Doctors will available in the free hours of their schedule . Appointments will be made
accordingly.
• Normally a appointment takes 10-15 minutes .
• In these way in normal a doctor can check upto 4 patients in an hour. we can estimate that
12-14 patient got checked in a day
• To overcame these shortcoming we will add as much as doctor of the hospital to make
available for the patients .
• To enhance our website in such a way that we can collaborate with more number of hospitals ,
also with effective management.
6.4 conclusion :
The proposed e-healthcare portal will pave the way for easy and quick access to better
healthcare. It will be beneficial for all those peoples located in Small towns and the patients who
have to take regular treatment ,travel a lot where there is a lack of medical facilities.
In situation like covid these will prove most safest mode for the old citizens , kids . Currently in
E-Healthcare doctors are serving in their free hours which means a specialist is available for
specific duration . Our motive will be to add as more as doctors or we will try to manage few
doctors which will available for full time, emergency cases .So that more patients will be
benifited.
In these chain of improvement we will try to enhance our website in such a way that we can
collaborate with more number of hospitals , also with effective management.
40
50
6.5 References :
 BOOTSTRAP : https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap/
 PHP TUTORIAL:https://www.tutorialspoint.com/php/index.htm
 JAVA SCRIPT: https://www.w3schools.com/js/
 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/unified-
modeling-language-uml-sequence-diagrams/
41

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E healthcare

  • 1. i E – HEALTHCARE A Major Project Report Submitted by: JAGJEET SURYAWANSHI (0887CS171002) LAVKUSH PATKAR (0887CS171006) BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING Under the Guidance of DR. UMESH BANODHA (HOD, CSE) DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JHABUA, M.P. (INDIA) - 457661 (AFFILIATED TO RGPV, BHOPAL, M.P. (INDIA) JUNE 2021
  • 2. 1 DECLARATION We Jagjeet Suryawanshi(0887CS171002) and Lavkush Patkar(0887CS171006), hereby declare that this project work entitled “E-Healthcare” was carried out by us under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Umesh Banodha, HOD, Department of CSE, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam University Institute Of Technology, Jhabua (M.P.). This project work is submitted to Department of Computer Science and Engineering during the academic year 2020-2021. Place: Date: Name Signature ii
  • 3. 1 DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JHABUA DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SESSION 2020-2021 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL This is to certify that the work embodies in this report entitled “E-Healthcare” being submitted by Jagjeet Suryawanshi (0887CS171002)And Lavkush patkar (0887CS171006),who carried out the project work under our supervision and guidance in the “Department of Computer Science & Engineering”, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam University Institute Of Technology, Jhabua (M.P.). (Internal Examiner) (External Examiner) Name: Prof. Lalsingh Chouhan Name: Designation:AP Designation: Institute: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT, Jhabua Institute: Date: Date: iii
  • 4. 1 DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JHABUA DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SESSION 2020-2021 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work embodies in this report entitled “E-Healthcare” being submitted by Jagjeet Suryawanshi (0887CS171002) And Lavkush Patkar (0887CS171006) , who carried out the project work under my supervision and guidance in the “Department of Computer Science & Engineering”, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT, Jhabua (M.P.). Guided & Approved By: Forwarded By: Dr. Umesh Banodha Dr. Umesh Banodha HOD HOD Department of CSE Department of CSE Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT, Jhabua Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT, Jhabua iv
  • 5. 1 ABSTRACT The main motive of introducing these “E - HEALTHCARE” system is to promote online health care services. Because lack of specialists is major problem in small towns. But E-healthcare provides online services like online treatment. It will be beneficial for all those peoples located in Small towns and the patients who have to take regular treatment, travel a lot where there is a lack of medical facilities. E- Healthcare is a web based project system which deals with online checkup through video conferencing & doctor gives online prescription. The project is very helpful to doctor, receptionist and public. People can book appointments online by approaching the website of E- healthcare. And people can also download their lab reports. people can discuss their health related issues via video conferencing and get doctor useful prescription. E-Healthcare system is an computerized system designed and programmed to deal with day to day records like appointment, interaction and management activities. It is also maintain patient records. v
  • 6. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Knowledge is expression of experience gained in life. It is the choicest possession that should be happily shared with others. In this regards We feel great pleasure in submitting this minor project report on “E- HEALTHCARE”. It gives me immense pleasure to express my deepest sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to my highly respected and esteemed guide “Dr. Umesh Banodha” (Dept. of CSE), Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT, Jhabua for their valuable guidance, encouragement and help for completing this work. Their useful suggestions for this whole work and co-operative behavior are sincerely acknowledged. During this project, we received a lot of help, advice and co- operation from our esteemed faculty and other distinguished persons. We would also like to thank “Prof. Dr. Umesh Banodha” (H.O.D. Dept. of CSE) for their valuable guidance through the course of project without whose encouragement the project wouldn’t have been a success. We are grateful to our Principal Dr. “K.S. Chandel” and college authorities for their support and all those who have directly or indirectly helped us during the project work. At the end I would like to express my sincere thanks to all my friends and others who helped me directly or indirectly during this project work. Submited by Jagjeet Suryawanshi (0887CS171002) Lavkush Patkar (0887CS171006) vi
  • 7. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration i Certificate of approval ii Certificate iii Abstract v Acknowledgement vi List of Figures ix CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1.1 Problem definition 1.2 Aim and Objective 1.3 Scope 1.4 Project Specifications 1.5 Definitions CHAPTER 2. Analysis 2.1 System requirement analysis 2.2 System feasibility 2.2.1 Technical feasibility 2.2.2 Economical feasibility 2.3 Functional Requirements 2.4 Non - Functional Requirements 2.5 Platform specification 2.5.1 Hardware interface 2.5.2 Software interface vii
  • 8. 1 2.6 Frameworks Description 2.7 Use-Case diagrams CHAPTER 3 Methodology CHAPTER 4 Design and Implementation 4.1 E-R diagram 4.2 Data-Flow Design 4.3 Activity diagram 4.4 Sequence diagram 4.5 Class diagram CHAPTER 5 Implementation and Testing CHAPTER 6 User Manual 6.1 Screen Layouts 6.2 Output Reports 6.3 Limitations & Future Enhancements 6.4 Conclusion 6.5 References viii
  • 9. 1 List of figures s.no Figure name Page no. 12 2 18 3 19 4 22 5 24 6 27 1 Use case diagram ER diagram Data flow diagram Activity diagram Sequence diagram Class diagram ix
  • 10. 1 1. Introduction E- Healthcare is a web based project which includes registration of the patients, storing their details into system, doctor advice via video conferencing and lab reports facility, where patient can discuss health related problems and ends with doctors useful prescription. In E-healthcare people can book appointment online by approaching the website of E- healthcare. The portal has the facility of assigning a unique id to every patient and stores the details of every patients treatment ,about the staff and doctor automatically. User can search availability of free schedules of doctors & can book accordingly. 1.1 Problem definition :- There always been a lack of availability of specialists and quality treatment at small towns . Also the diseases like cancer which requires expertise and long term treatment patient have to move to those hospitals which generally present in big cities, they need regularly checkups in weeks or say months . In these pandemic situation it surely not good for these critical patients to travel . Old citizens which are dependent on other to took them to hospitals. All them needs a platform where in mild condition patient can get a proper prescription & guidance with the best specialist at their locality . With E-Healthcare we are providing the same online . 1.2 Aim and objective :-  To facilitate best medical facility at small towns where the lack of specialist.  It is helpful for regular patients who need regular checkup and need to travel a lot.  E – healthcare helps in boosting up hospital range.  Cost effective.  User friendly interface.
  • 11. 2 1.3 Scope E-healthcare website will be provided to healthcare purpose doctors, hospitals and public. Specialist doctors will be added on this website. And through which patients will be able to get a prescription online from a doctor. The scope of the E-healthcare is as follows: Existing system :- Platforms provides the facility for online doctors prescription but for the diseases which needed long term treatment like cancer. Some application which provides nutritionist prescription .Deliver the nutrition product based on deficiency. Again these app fails to satisfy regular patients need. Because which facilitate Registrations for users and discussion forum. Drawback:- No video conferencing interaction and doctor does not provide prescription online. Proposed System ;- We here proposed a e-healthcare system for hospital who provides the facility for the patients who are located in small towns ,or the old citizens which are dependent to took them to hospital can maintain their regular treatment via video conferencing ,online prescription to their specialist in scheduled time . our plan :-  Registration for users.  Online Appointment booking.  Online Video conferencing between doctor and patient.  Online prescription from doctor. 1.4 Project Specifications :- With E- healthcare provide to facilitate best medical facility at small towns and remote areas where to lack of specialist. It is helpful for regular patients who need regular checkup and need to travel a lot.
  • 12. 3 1.5 Definitions :- HTML : Hypertext markup language HTML or Hypertext markup language is the standard markup language used to create webpages. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags). Though not always necessary, it is best practice toappend a slash to tags which are not paired with a closing tag. HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. CSS : CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS): It is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in a markup language. While most often used to style webpages and interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to anykind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe theirpresentation. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from documentpresentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts.[1] This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content .
  • 13. 4 CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read outby a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can alsobe used to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to a CSS file, readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their owncomputer, to override the one the author has specified. However if the author or the reader did not link the document to a specific style sheet the default style of the browserwill be applied. JavaScript : JavaScript is a dynamic computer programming language. It is lightweight and most commonly used as a part of web pages, whose implementations allow client-side script to interact with the user and make dynamic pages. It is an interpreted programming language with object-oriented capabilities. It is a language which is also characterized as dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based and multi-paradigm. Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of the World Wide Web. JavaScript enables interactive web pages and thus is an essential part of web applications. The vast majority of websites use it, and all major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute it.  JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted programming language.  Designed for creating network-centric applications.  Complementary to and integrated with Java.  Complementary to and integrated with HTML.  Open and cross-platform.
  • 14. 5 MySQL : MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation. MySQL is a database system used on the web it runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications. It is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. It supports standard SQL. MySQL can be compiled on a number of platforms. The data in MySQL is stored in tables. A table is a collection of related data, and it consists of columns and rows. Databases are useful when storing information categorically. PHP :  PHP is an acronym for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor".  PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language.  PHP scripts are executed on the server.  PHP costs nothing, it is free to download and use. PHP File :  PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code  PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser asplain HTML  PHP files have extension ".php"
  • 15. 6 1.6 Modules :- It’s having mainly SEVERAL modules : - 1.6.1 Admin module :-  Manage department of users, doctors, lab reports, patient history ccounts.  Watch appointment of doctors.  Watch transaction report of patient payment.  Watch lab reports. 1.6.2 Patient module :-  view appointment schedules and check doctor status.  Book appointments.  View prescription.  Manage own profile. 1.6.3 Doctor module :-  Manage appointment with patients.  Create prescription for patient.  Watch lab reports.  Manage own profile.
  • 16. 7 2. Analysis 2.1 System Requirement Analysis :- After analyzing the requirement of the task to be performed, the next step is to analyze the problem and understand its context. The first activity in the phase is studying the existing system and other is to understand the requirement and domain of the new system. Both the activity are equally important , but the first activity serves as a basis of giving the functional specifications and then successful design of the proposed system. Understanding the properties and requirement of a new system is more difficult and require creative thinking and understanding of existing running system is also difficult , improper understanding of present system can lead diversion from solution. 2.2 System feasibility :- Since whenever a new system is created . we have to check ll the aspects our manner involve in creation of system. 2.2.1 Technical feasibility :- A study of resource availability that may affect the availability to achieve an acceptable system. This evolution determines the whether the technology needed for the proposed system is available or not. This is concerned with specifying equipment and software will successfully satisfy the user requirement. The technical needs of the system may include: Front end and back-end selection: An important issue for the development of a project is the selection of suitable front-end and back-end. When we decide to develop the project we went through an extensive study to determine the most suitable platform that suits that needs of the organization as well as help in development of project.
  • 17. 8 The aspects of our study included the following factors. Front-end selection  It must have a graphical user interface that assists employee that are not from IT background.  Scalability.  Flexibility.  Robustness.  Platform independent.  Easy to debug and maintain. Backend-selection  Multiple user support.  Operating system compatible.  Effective data retrieval and maintenance.  Effective data handling.  Easy to implement with the front end.  Stored procedure. 2.2.2 Economical feasibility :- Economical feasibility includes a broad range concerns that includes cost benefit analysis. In this we weight the cost and the benefits associated with the candidate system and if it suits the basic purpose of the organization i.e. profit making.  The cost of hardware and software for the class of application being considered.  The benefits is the form of reduced cost.  The feasibility check whether the system can be developed with the available funds.  The E-healthcare does not require enormous amount of money to be developed. This can be done economically if plan judicially. So it is economically feasible. The cost of project depends upon the number of man-hours required.
  • 18. 9 2.3 Functional requirement :- There are a lot of functional requirement of the E-healthcare system which contains various process , namely :-  Registration  Appointment booking.  Booking confirmation.  Video conferencing.  Online prescription.  Upload lab report.  Patient history. 2.4 Non functional Requirement :- There are lot of non functional requirement of the system which contains usability, efficiency, reliability, maintainability and security. Usability : The interface should use terms and concepts, which drawn from the experience of the people who will make most of the system. Efficiency : The system must provide easy and fast access without consuming more cost. Reliability : Use should never be surprised by the behavior of the system and its easy to use stored data easy to used transfer voice data. The system shall be available all the time. Maintainability : There will be no maintenance required for the software . the database is provided by the end user and therefore is maintained by the user. The system shall provide the capability to backup data. The system shall keep a log of all the errors. Security : The system is provided with authentication without which no user can pass. So only the legitimate users are allowed to use the application.
  • 19. 10 2.5 platform specification 2.5.1 Hardware interface  Intel core I5 processor.  1.5 Ghz processor.  4 GB RAM. 2.5.2 Software interface  frontend : HTML ,CSS , Java script  Backend : MYSQL  Middle End : PHP  Framework : Bootstrap
  • 20. 11 2.6 Framework description : Bootstrap Bootstrap is front-end framework and collection of tools and mechanisms for building web applications. It consists of HTML and CSS based design templates for navigations, forms, buttons, typography, and other interface elements, and also JavaScript extensions. Bootstrap is free and open source, and its purpose is to make easy the development of dynamic websites and web applications. Bootstrap is a HTML, CSS & JS Library that focuses on simplifying the development of informative web pages (as opposed to web apps). The primary purpose of adding it to a web project is to apply Bootstrap's choices of color, size, font and layout to that project. As such, the primary factor is whether the developers in charge find those choices to their liking. Once added to a project, Bootstrap provides basic style definitions for all HTML elements. The result is a uniform appearance for prose, tables and form elements across web browsers. In addition, developers can take advantage of CSS classes defined in Bootstrap to further customize the appearance of their contents. For example, Bootstrap has provisioned for light- and dark-colored tables, page headings, more prominent pull quotes, and text with a highlight. Significant changes include:  Major rewrite of the code.  Replacing Less with Sass.  Addition of reboot a collection of element-specific CSS changes in a single file, based on normalize.  CSS Flexible Box support.  Adding navigation customization options Adding responsive spacing and sizing utilities.
  • 21. 12 2.7 Use-Case diagram 2.7.1 Overall Use-Case :-
  • 23. xxiii Fig. - 2.7.3 PATIENT USE CASE : E- HEALTHCARE 2.7.3 Patient Use-Case : 14
  • 24. 18 Fig. – 3.1 Implementation 3 METHODOLOGY ITERATIVE WATERFALL MODEL : Waterfall Model is one of the most widely used Software Development Process. It is also called as "Linear Sequential model" or the "classic life cycle" or iterative model. It is widely used in the commercial development projects. It is called so because here, we move to next phase (step) after getting input from previous phase, like in a waterfall, water flows down to from the upper steps. The reason of use of iterative waterfall methodology in our E- healthcare project because its easy to maintain. It is very simple to understand and use. In this iterative waterfall model Software Development process is divided into Six phases:- 15
  • 25. 18 Folowing are the phases in waterfall model. Requirement Analysis : The complete service documentation will be prepared in this stage by the developers who will be consulting with the client. The client will provide their necessities along with constrains and flow of work. The developers will analyze the given information to create the documentation both for developers and clients. Design : The system design process than, based on the approved project documentation, define the software and hardware requirements for the project . the software architecture will be built which will include modules and their relations . at the end of system developers will exactly know what they are going to develop, what are the problems to be solved, how the parts will be integrated etc. Implementation : At the stage all the parts of the system will be developed and those will be tested separately to find out if reach part is working expected. if bugs were found, those will be solved to. At the end of this stage , all the parts of the system are supposed to working accurately as desired. Testing : Integration and system testing At this stage, the system approved system parts will be integrated into one complete system. The complete system will than be tested again to see if meets the requirements approved in the first stage, if any bugs were found, those will be solved. Maintenance : At this stage , the fully functional system will be put top real life use. Errors or bugs which will now be discovered will be solved too. The maintenance part continuous with system enhancement and along with changes in requirements which might cause new development or changes in system. 16
  • 26. 18 Advantages of iterative waterfall model :  The waterfall model is simple and easy to understand, to implement and use.  All the requirements are known at the beginning of the project, hence it is easy to manage.  It avoids overlapping of phase because each phase is completed as one.  This models works for small projects were the requirements are easily understood.  Feedback Path: In the classical waterfall model, there are no feedback paths, so there is no mechanism for error correction. But in iterative waterfall model feedback path from one phase to its preceding phase allows correcting the errors that are committed and these changes are reflected in the later phases. Disadvantages of iterative waterfall model :  Difficult to incorporate change requests.  Incremental delivery not supported.  Overlapping of phases not supported.  Risk handling not supported.  Limited customer interactions 17
  • 27. 18 4.1 E-R diagram : 4. DESIGN
  • 28. 18 Fig. 4.2.1 4.2 Data flow diagram : DFD Level - 0 19
  • 29. DFD Level - 1 Fig. 4.2.2 20
  • 31. xxxi Fig. – 4.3.1 USER LOGIN: E-HEALTHCARE 4.3 Activity Diagram : 4.3.1 User Login Activity Diagram 22
  • 32. 32 4.3.2 Web cam interaction Activity Diagram :- 23
  • 33. 33 4.4 Sequence diagram : 4.4.1 Sequence Diagram for Admin :- ADMIN Login Home Appointment Transaction Views Reports Logout 24
  • 34. 34 4.4.2 Sequence Diagram for doctor :- 25
  • 35. 35 4.4.3 Sequence Diagram for patient :- Patient Login Home Appointments Views Logout 26
  • 36. 36 PATIENT ADMIN DOCTOR Fig. 4.5 CLASS DIAGRAM : E - HEALTHCARE 4.5 Class diagram : 27
  • 37. 37 5.1 SYSTEM TESTING : 5. TESTING The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the functionality of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement. TYPES OF TESTING: Unit testing: Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the application .it is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected results. Integration testing: Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that a rise from the combination of components. 28
  • 38. 38 Functional test: Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user manuals. Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key functions, or special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify Business process flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be considered for testing. Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified and the effective value of current tests is determined. System Test: System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets requirements. It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of system testing is the configuration oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points. White Box Testing: White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has knowledge of the inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose. It is purpose. It is used to test areas that cannot be reached from a black box level. . Black Box Testing: Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner workings, structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kinds of tests, must be written from a definitive source document, such as specification or requirements document, such as specification or requirements document. It is a testing in which the software under test is treated, as a black box .you cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and responds to outputs without considering how the software works. 29
  • 39. 39 Unit Testing: Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase of the software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing to be conducted as two distinct phases. Test strategy and approach Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in detail. Features to be tested  Verify that the entries are of the correct format.  No duplicate entries should be allowed.  All links should take the user to the correct page. Integration Testing: Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or more integrated software components on a single platform to produce failures caused by interface defects. The task of the integration test is to check that components or software applications. e.g. components in a software system or one step up software applications at the company level interact without error. Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered. Acceptance Testing: User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant participation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional requirements. Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered. 30
  • 40. 40 6.1 Screen Layouts :- 6. USER MANUAL 31
  • 41. 41 6.2 Output reports:- 6.2.1 Registration Interface:- 32
  • 45. 45 36
  • 47. 47 38
  • 48. 48 39
  • 49. 49 6.3 Limitation and future enhancements : • Doctors will available in the free hours of their schedule . Appointments will be made accordingly. • Normally a appointment takes 10-15 minutes . • In these way in normal a doctor can check upto 4 patients in an hour. we can estimate that 12-14 patient got checked in a day • To overcame these shortcoming we will add as much as doctor of the hospital to make available for the patients . • To enhance our website in such a way that we can collaborate with more number of hospitals , also with effective management. 6.4 conclusion : The proposed e-healthcare portal will pave the way for easy and quick access to better healthcare. It will be beneficial for all those peoples located in Small towns and the patients who have to take regular treatment ,travel a lot where there is a lack of medical facilities. In situation like covid these will prove most safest mode for the old citizens , kids . Currently in E-Healthcare doctors are serving in their free hours which means a specialist is available for specific duration . Our motive will be to add as more as doctors or we will try to manage few doctors which will available for full time, emergency cases .So that more patients will be benifited. In these chain of improvement we will try to enhance our website in such a way that we can collaborate with more number of hospitals , also with effective management. 40
  • 50. 50 6.5 References :  BOOTSTRAP : https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap/  PHP TUTORIAL:https://www.tutorialspoint.com/php/index.htm  JAVA SCRIPT: https://www.w3schools.com/js/  SEQUENCE DIAGRAM: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/unified- modeling-language-uml-sequence-diagrams/ 41