Commerce involves the exchange of goods and services between entities. E-commerce refers to this exchange electronically over computer networks like the internet. It allows buying and selling online and has several advantages like low costs and global access. E-commerce has evolved from early electronic funds transfers between banks to modern online retail. It involves consumers browsing products on a merchant's website, purchasing, and payment processing. The main types of e-commerce are business-to-business, business-to-consumer, business-to-employee, and consumer-to-consumer. While e-commerce provides convenience, there are also risks like inability to examine products and potential credit card theft.

2. oWhat is commerce ?
Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange
of goods and services from producer to final consumer.
It comprises the trading of something of economic value such as goods,
services, information, or money between two or more entities.

3. What is e-commerce?
1 . Commonly known as Electronic Marketing.
2 . “It consists of buying and selling goods and services over an electronic
systems such as the internet and other computer networks .”
3 . “E-Commerce is the purchasing, selling and exchanging goods and services
over computer networks (internet) through which transaction or terms of
sale are performed electronically.”

5. Why
use
E-commerce
……..?

6. 1. Low entry cost.
2. Reduces transaction cost.
3. Access to the global market.
4. Secure market share.

7. Brief
History
Of
E-Commerce

8. 1. 1970s :: Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)
* used by the banking industry to exchange account information over
secured networks.
2. Late 1970s and early 1980s :: Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) for E-commerce within companies
* used by businesses to transmit data from one business to other.
3. 1990s :: The World Wide Web on the internet
provides easy-to-use technology for information
publishing and dissemination
*Cheaper to do business (economies of scale).
*Enable diverse business activities (economies of scope).

9. The Process
Of
E-Commerce

10. 1. A consumer uses web browser to connect to the home page of
a merchant’s website on the internet.
2. The consumer browses the catalog of products featured on the
site and selects items to purchase.
3. When the consumer is ready to complete the purchase of
selected items. She provides a bill-to and ship-to address for
purchase and delivery.
4. When the merchant’s web server receives this information, it
computes the total cost of the order – including tax, shipping,
and handling charges – and then displays the total to the
consumer.

11. 5. The customer can now provide payment information,
such as a credit card number, and then submit the
order.
6. When the credit card number is validated and the
order is completed at the commerce server site, the
merchant site displays receipt confirming the
customer’s purchase.
7. The commerce server site then forwards the order to
a processing network for payment processing and
fulfillment.

12. Types
Of
E-Commerce

13. BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS (B2B)::
1. It consists of largest of Ecommerce. This model defines that buyer and
seller are two different entities. It is similar to manufacturer issuing goods to
retailer and or wholesaler.
E.g. :- Dell deals computers and other associated accessories online but it
does not make up all those products. So, in order to deal those products, first
step is to purchases them from unlike businesses i.e. producers of those
products.

14. BUSINESS-TO-CONSUMER (B2C) ::
1. It is the model taking businesses and consumers interaction. The basic
concept of this model is to sell the product online to the consumers.
2. B2C is the direct trade between the company and consumers. It provides
direct selling through online. For example :: if you want sell goods and
services to customer so that anybody can purchase any products directly from
suppliers website.

15. BUSINESS-TO-EMPLOYEE (B2E) ::
1. It uses an intra-business network which allow companies to provide
products or services to their employees. Typically, company use B2E networks
to automate employee-related corporate processes.

16. CONSUMER-TO-CONSUMER (C2C) ::
1. There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums where
individuals can buy and sell. Thanks to online payment systems like Paypal
where people can send receive money online with ease. eBay’s auction
service is a great example of where person-to-person transactions take place
everyday since 1995.

17. PROS AND CONS OF
E-COMMERCE

18. PROS
1. No checkout queues.
2. Reduce prices.
3. You can shop anywhere in the world.
4. Easy access to 24 hours a day.
5. Wide selection to cater for all consumers.

19. CONS
1. Unable to examine products personally.
2. Not everyone is connected to the internet.
3. There is the possibility of credit card number theft.
4. On average only 1/9th of stock is available on the net.

21. E-Commerce Implementation ::
1. Implementing e-commerce ::
- Requires large investment and expertise.
2. E-Commerce host ::
A company that takes on some or all of the responsibility of setting up and
maintaining an e-commerce system for a business or organization.