This document defines e-commerce and related terms. E-commerce involves business transactions conducted over telecommunications networks, especially online purchases. It has evolved from electronic funds transfer between banks in the 1970s to the modern use of websites and online shopping. The document outlines the process of online purchases and different types of e-commerce transactions between businesses, consumers, and governments. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce and discusses the emergence of m-commerce via mobile devices.

1. E-Commerce .

2. Some of the definitions of e-commerce are:
*Electronic Commerce (EC) is where business
transactions take place via telecommunications
networks, especially the Internet.
(OR)
*Buying and selling of products, services, and
information via computer networks including the
Internet.
(OR)
*It is about doing business electronically.
(OR)
*Defined as the conduct of a financial transaction by
electronic means.

3. Electronic funds transfer (EFT) is the
electronic exchange, transfer of money from one
account to another, either within a single
financial institution or across multiple
institutions, through computer-based systems.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the
structured transmission of data between
organizations by electronic means, which is
used to transfer electronic documents or
business data from one computer system to
another computer system, i.e. from one trading
partner to another trading partner without
human intervention.

4. E-BUSINESS

5. E-business is the conduct of business on the Internet,
not only buying and selling but also servicing customers
and collaborating with business partners.
E-business includes customer service (e-service) and
intra-business tasks.
E-commerce relates more to macro environment
whereas E-business relates more to micro level of the
firm

7. Brief
History
Of
E-Commerce

8. 1970s: (EFT)
Used by banking industry to exchange account
information over secured networks
Late 1970s and early 1980s: (EDI)for e-commerce
within companies
Used by businesses to transmit data from one
business to another
1990s: WWW on the Internet provides easy-to-use
technology for information publishing and
dissemination
*Cheaper to do business (economies of scale)
*Enable diverse business activities (economies of
scope)

9. THE
PROCESS
OF
E-COMMERCE

10. ◦A consumer uses Web browser to connect to the
homepage of a merchant's Website on the Internet
◦The Consumer browses the catalogue of products
featured on the site and selects items to purchase .
The selected items are placed in the electronic equivalent
of a shopping cart.
◦When the consumer is
ready to complete the
purchase of selected items,
she/he provides a bill-to and
ship-to address for purchase
and delivery.

11. ◦ When the merchant's Web server receives this
information, it computes the total cost of the order—
including tax, shipping, and handling charges—and then
displays the total to the customer
◦The customer can now provide payment information,
such as a credit card number, and then submit the order
◦When the credit card number is validated and the order is
completed at the Commerce Server site, the merchant's
site displays a receipt confirming the customer's purchase
◦The commerce Server site then forwards the order to a
Processing Network for payment processing and
fulfilment

16. Types
of
E-commerce

17. Classification of e-commerce is done by identifying
the partners directly involved in the transaction.

18. Business-to-Business (B-to-B):
The exchange of products, services or information
between business entities.E.g:alibaba.com
Business-to-consumer (B-to-C)
The exchange of products, information or services
between business and consumers in a retailing
relationship.E.g.: amazon.com
Business-to-Government (B-to-G)
The exchange of information, services, products between
business organisations and government agencies on-line.
Business-to-Peer Networks (B-to-P)
This would be the provision of hardware, software or other
services to the peer networks. An example here would be
Napster who provided the software and facilities to enable
peer networking

19. Consumer-to-Business (C-to-B)
This is the exchange of products, information or services
from individuals to business. A classic example of this
would be individuals selling their services to businesses.
Consumer-to-Consumer (C-to-C)
In this category consumers interact directly with other
consumers.
E.g:ebay.com
Government-to-Business (G-to-B)
The exchange of information, services and products
between government agencies and business organisations
Government-to-Consumer (G-to-C). Government sites
offering information, forms and facilities to conduct
transactions for individuals, including paying bills and
submitting official forms on-line such as tax returns.

20. Peer–to-Peer Network (P-to-P)
This is the communications model in which each party
has the same capabilities and either party can initiate a
communication session.
E.g:Skype

21. List of Top E-commerce Companies of
India:
1.Flipkart.com
2.snapdeal.com
3.Fashionandyou.com
4.myntra.com
5.dealsandyou.com
6.ebay.com
7.homeshop18.com
8.naaptol.com
9.Rediffshopping
10.99labels.com

22. Advantages of Ecommerce
▪Faster buying/selling procedure, as well as easy to find
products.
▪ Buying/selling 24/7.
▪ More reach to customers, there is no theoretical
geographic limitations.
▪ Low operational costs and better quality of services.
▪ No need of physical company set-ups.
▪ Easy to start and manage a business.
▪ Customers can easily select products from different
providers without moving around physically.

23. Disadvantages of Ecommerce
▪ There are many bad sites which eat up customers’ money.
▪ There is no guarantee of product quality.
▪ Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable effects on
the total processes.
▪ As there is minimum chance of direct customer to
company interactions, customer loyalty is always on a
check.
▪ There are many hackers who look for opportunities, and
thus an ecommerce site, service, payment gateways, all are
always prone to attack.

24. M-Commerce:
□M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and
selling of goods and services through wireless technology-i.
e., handheld devices such as cellular phones.
->Mobile banking.
->Information services.
->Mobile reservation.

25. Greeshma.T