The document summarizes key concepts in geology including: 1) Plate tectonics describes the seven major plates that make up the earth's surface and how earthquakes and volcanoes occur at their boundaries. Fossils found in different continents provide evidence the earth was once a single landmass. 2) The structure of the earth consists of the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core made of different rock types and temperatures. 3) Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are the three main rock types, forming through cooling of magma, layering of sediments, and changes induced by heat and pressure, respectively.

2. Plate Tectonics The picture here shows the seven main plates that are moving slowly. On the edges of these plates are where the earthquakes and volcanoes are happening. Scientists have found the same fossils that where on two different continents. And so that’s some what proof that the earth was once one big piece of land.

3. Structure of the earth, The crust of the earth is made up of rocks and soil, all the rocks have formed a shell like cover that protects everything. The mantle is made up of molten rock. It can be very hot. The outer core is made of hot iron nickel. The inner core is solid iron. The inner core is believed to be 1200 kilometres thick.

4. This is a labelled diagram of a volcano. It shows the inside of a volcano. Cross-section through a stratovolcano : 1. Large magma chamber 2. Bedrock 3. Conduit (pipe) 4. Base 5. Sill 6. Branch pipe 7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano 8. Flank 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano 10. Throat 11. Parasitic cone 12. Lava flow 13. Vent 14. Crater 15. Ash cloud

5. Igneous Rocks are rocks that have cooled underneath the earths surface. Igneous Rocks are biggest as they have more time to cool. Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock. Igneous rocks. Examples of igneous rocks: Gneiss Granite Sand Alexandrite Platinum Amethyst Pyrite Copper Ruby Diamond Titanium Graphite Examples of minerals found in igneous rocks :

6. Sedimentary rocks are one of the three main rocks. They are made up of layers upon layers upon layers, eventually the rocks on the bottom layer form into rock.

7. Metamorphic rocks are the rocks that can change form. These rocks were once s edimentary or igneous rocks. The rocks are under tons and tons of pressure, which fosters heat build up, and this causes them to change.