Abstract: In this paper, a new Improved Bees Algorithm (IBA) is proposed for solving reactive power dispatch problem. The aim of this paper is to utilize an optimization algorithm called the improved Bees Algorithm, inspired from the natural foraging behaviour of honey bees, to solve the reactive power dispatch problem. The IBA algorithm executes both an exploitative neighbourhood search combined with arbitrary explorative search. The proposed Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (IBA) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results show clearly the high-quality performance of the projected algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
Dwindling of real power loss by using Improved Bees Algorithmpaperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, a new Improved Bees Algorithm (IBA) is proposed for solving reactive power dispatch problem. The aim of this paper is to utilize an optimization algorithm called the improved Bees Algorithm, inspired from the natural foraging behaviour of honey bees, to solve the reactive power dispatch problem. The IBA algorithm executes both an exploitative neighbourhood search combined with arbitrary explorative search. The proposed Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (IBA) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results show clearly the high-quality performance of the projected algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
Keywords: Optimal Reactive Power, Transmission loss, honey bee, foraging behaviour, waggle dance, bee’s algorithm, swarm intelligence, swarm-based optimization, adaptive neighbourhood search, site abandonment, random search.
5. 9375 11036-1-sm-1 20 apr 18 mar 16oct2017 ed iqbal qcIAESIJEECS
In this paper, Tailored Flower Pollination (TFP) algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal reactive power problem. Comprising of the elements of chaos theory, Shuffled frog leaping search and Levy Flight, the performance of the flower pollination algorithm has been improved. Proposed TFP algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
Enriched Firefly Algorithm for Solving Reactive Power Problemijeei-iaes
In this paper, Enriched Firefly Algorithm (EFA) is planned to solve optimal reactive power dispatch problem. This algorithm is a kind of swarm intelligence algorithm based on the response of a firefly to the light of other fireflies. In this paper, we plan an augmentation on the original firefly algorithm. The proposed algorithm extends the single population FA to the interacting multi-swarms by cooperative Models. The proposed EFA has been tested on standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results show clearly the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
Voltage Profile Enhancement and Reduction of Real Power loss by Hybrid Biogeo...ijeei-iaes
This paper presents Hybrid Biogeography algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem in a power system. Real Power Loss minimization and maximization of voltage stability margin are taken as the objectives. Artificial bee colony optimization (ABC) is quick and forceful algorithm for global optimization. Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) is a new-fangled biogeography inspired algorithm. It mainly utilizes the biogeography-based relocation operator to share the information among solutions. In this work, a hybrid algorithm with BBO and ABC is projected, and named as HBBABC (Hybrid Biogeography based Artificial Bee Colony Optimization), for the universal numerical optimization problem. HBBABC merge the searching behavior of ABC with that of BBO. Both the algorithms have different solution probing tendency like ABC have good exploration probing tendency while BBO have good exploitation probing tendency. HBBABC used to solve the reactive power dispatch problem and the proposed technique has been tested in standard IEEE30 bus test system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Optimal Power Flow with Reactive Power Compensation for Cost And Loss Minimiz...ijeei-iaes
One of the concerns of power system planners is the problem of optimum cost of generation as well as loss minimization on the grid system. This issue can be addressed in a number of ways; one of such ways is the use of reactive power support (shunt capacitor compensation). This paper used the method of shunt capacitor placement for cost and transmission loss minimization on Nigerian power grid system which is a 24-bus, 330kV network interconnecting four thermal generating stations (Sapele, Delta, Afam and Egbin) and three hydro stations to various load points. Simulation in MATLAB was performed on the Nigerian 330kV transmission grid system. The technique employed was based on the optimal power flow formulations using Newton-Raphson iterative method for the load flow analysis of the grid system. The results show that when shunt capacitor was employed as the inequality constraints on the power system, there is a reduction in the total cost of generation accompanied with reduction in the total system losses with a significant improvement in the system voltage profile
Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Congestion Alleviation with Incorporation of Wind...IJECEIAES
The issue to alleviate congestion in the power system framework has emerged as an alluring field for the power system researchers. The research conducted in this article proposes a cuckoo search algorithm-based congestion alleviation strategy with the incorporation of wind farm. The bus sensitivity factor data are computed and utilized to sort out the sutiable position for the installation of the wind farm. The generators contributing in the real power rescheduleing process are selected as per the generator sensitivity values. The cuckoo search algorithm is implemented to minimize the congestion cost with the embodiment of the wind farm. The proposed method is tested on 39 bus New England framework and the results obtained with the cuckoo search-based congestion management approach outperforms the results opted with other heuristic optimization techniques in the past research literatures.
Economic/Emission Load Dispatch Using Artificial Bee Colony AlgorithmIDES Editor
This paper presents an application of the
artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to multi-objective
optimization problems in power system. A new multiobjective
artificial bee colony (MOABC) algorithm to
solve the economic/ emission dispatch (EED) problem is
proposed in this paper. Non-dominated sorting is
employed to obtain a Pareto optimal set. Moreover, fuzzy
decision theory is employed to extract the best
compromise solution. A numerical result for IEEE 30-bus
test system is presented to demonstrate the capability of
the proposed approach to generate well-distributed
Pareto-optimal solutions of EED problem in one single
run. In addition, the EED problem is also solved using the
weighted sum method using ABC. Results obtained with
the proposed approach are compared with other
techniques available in the literature. Results obtained
show that the proposed MOABC has a great potential in
handling multi-objective optimization problem.
Dwindling of real power loss by using Improved Bees Algorithmpaperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, a new Improved Bees Algorithm (IBA) is proposed for solving reactive power dispatch problem. The aim of this paper is to utilize an optimization algorithm called the improved Bees Algorithm, inspired from the natural foraging behaviour of honey bees, to solve the reactive power dispatch problem. The IBA algorithm executes both an exploitative neighbourhood search combined with arbitrary explorative search. The proposed Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (IBA) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results show clearly the high-quality performance of the projected algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
Keywords: Optimal Reactive Power, Transmission loss, honey bee, foraging behaviour, waggle dance, bee’s algorithm, swarm intelligence, swarm-based optimization, adaptive neighbourhood search, site abandonment, random search.
5. 9375 11036-1-sm-1 20 apr 18 mar 16oct2017 ed iqbal qcIAESIJEECS
In this paper, Tailored Flower Pollination (TFP) algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal reactive power problem. Comprising of the elements of chaos theory, Shuffled frog leaping search and Levy Flight, the performance of the flower pollination algorithm has been improved. Proposed TFP algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
Enriched Firefly Algorithm for Solving Reactive Power Problemijeei-iaes
In this paper, Enriched Firefly Algorithm (EFA) is planned to solve optimal reactive power dispatch problem. This algorithm is a kind of swarm intelligence algorithm based on the response of a firefly to the light of other fireflies. In this paper, we plan an augmentation on the original firefly algorithm. The proposed algorithm extends the single population FA to the interacting multi-swarms by cooperative Models. The proposed EFA has been tested on standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results show clearly the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
Voltage Profile Enhancement and Reduction of Real Power loss by Hybrid Biogeo...ijeei-iaes
This paper presents Hybrid Biogeography algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem in a power system. Real Power Loss minimization and maximization of voltage stability margin are taken as the objectives. Artificial bee colony optimization (ABC) is quick and forceful algorithm for global optimization. Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) is a new-fangled biogeography inspired algorithm. It mainly utilizes the biogeography-based relocation operator to share the information among solutions. In this work, a hybrid algorithm with BBO and ABC is projected, and named as HBBABC (Hybrid Biogeography based Artificial Bee Colony Optimization), for the universal numerical optimization problem. HBBABC merge the searching behavior of ABC with that of BBO. Both the algorithms have different solution probing tendency like ABC have good exploration probing tendency while BBO have good exploitation probing tendency. HBBABC used to solve the reactive power dispatch problem and the proposed technique has been tested in standard IEEE30 bus test system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Optimal Power Flow with Reactive Power Compensation for Cost And Loss Minimiz...ijeei-iaes
One of the concerns of power system planners is the problem of optimum cost of generation as well as loss minimization on the grid system. This issue can be addressed in a number of ways; one of such ways is the use of reactive power support (shunt capacitor compensation). This paper used the method of shunt capacitor placement for cost and transmission loss minimization on Nigerian power grid system which is a 24-bus, 330kV network interconnecting four thermal generating stations (Sapele, Delta, Afam and Egbin) and three hydro stations to various load points. Simulation in MATLAB was performed on the Nigerian 330kV transmission grid system. The technique employed was based on the optimal power flow formulations using Newton-Raphson iterative method for the load flow analysis of the grid system. The results show that when shunt capacitor was employed as the inequality constraints on the power system, there is a reduction in the total cost of generation accompanied with reduction in the total system losses with a significant improvement in the system voltage profile
Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Congestion Alleviation with Incorporation of Wind...IJECEIAES
The issue to alleviate congestion in the power system framework has emerged as an alluring field for the power system researchers. The research conducted in this article proposes a cuckoo search algorithm-based congestion alleviation strategy with the incorporation of wind farm. The bus sensitivity factor data are computed and utilized to sort out the sutiable position for the installation of the wind farm. The generators contributing in the real power rescheduleing process are selected as per the generator sensitivity values. The cuckoo search algorithm is implemented to minimize the congestion cost with the embodiment of the wind farm. The proposed method is tested on 39 bus New England framework and the results obtained with the cuckoo search-based congestion management approach outperforms the results opted with other heuristic optimization techniques in the past research literatures.
Economic/Emission Load Dispatch Using Artificial Bee Colony AlgorithmIDES Editor
This paper presents an application of the
artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to multi-objective
optimization problems in power system. A new multiobjective
artificial bee colony (MOABC) algorithm to
solve the economic/ emission dispatch (EED) problem is
proposed in this paper. Non-dominated sorting is
employed to obtain a Pareto optimal set. Moreover, fuzzy
decision theory is employed to extract the best
compromise solution. A numerical result for IEEE 30-bus
test system is presented to demonstrate the capability of
the proposed approach to generate well-distributed
Pareto-optimal solutions of EED problem in one single
run. In addition, the EED problem is also solved using the
weighted sum method using ABC. Results obtained with
the proposed approach are compared with other
techniques available in the literature. Results obtained
show that the proposed MOABC has a great potential in
handling multi-objective optimization problem.
Reduction of Active Power Loss byUsing Adaptive Cat Swarm Optimizationijeei-iaes
This paper presents, an Adaptive Cat Swarm Optimization (ACSO) for solving reactive power dispatch problem. Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) is one of the new-fangled swarm intelligence algorithms for finding the most excellent global solution. Because of complication, sometimes conventional CSO takes a lengthy time to converge and cannot attain the precise solution. For solving reactive power dispatch problem and to improve the convergence accuracy level, we propose a new adaptive CSO namely ‘Adaptive Cat Swarm Optimization’ (ACSO). First, we take account of a new-fangled adaptive inertia weight to velocity equation and then employ an adaptive acceleration coefficient. Second, by utilizing the information of two previous or next dimensions and applying a new-fangled factor, we attain to a new position update equation composing the average of position and velocity information. The projected ACSO has been tested on standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results shows clearly about the high-quality performance of the planned algorithm in tumbling the real power loss.
Economic and Emission Dispatch using Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) IJECEIAES
This paper work present one of the latest meta heuristic optimization approaches named whale optimization algorithm as a new algorithm developed to solve the economic dispatch problem. The execution of the utilized algorithm is analyzed using standard test system of IEEE 30 bus system. The proposed algorithm delivered optimum or near optimum solutions. Fuel cost and emission costs are considered together to get better result for economic dispatch. The analysis shows good convergence property for WOA and provides better results in comparison with PSO. The achieved results in this study using the above-mentioned algorithm have been compared with obtained results using other intelligent methods such as particle swarm Optimization. The overall performance of this algorithm collates with early proven optimization methodology, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The minimum cost for the generation of units is obtained for the standard bus system.
Economic Load Dispatch Problem with Valve – Point Effect Using a Binary Bat A...IDES Editor
This paper proposes application of BAT algorithm
for solving economic load dispatch problem. BAT
algorithmic rule is predicated on the localization
characteristics of micro bats. The proposed approach has
been examined and tested with the numerical results of
economic load dispatch problems with three and five
generating units with valve - point loading without
considering prohibited operating zones and ramp rate limits.
The results of the projected BAT formula are compared with
that of other techniques such as lambda iteration, GA, PSO,
APSO, EP, ABC and basic principle. For each case, the
projected algorithmic program outperforms the answer
reported for the existing algorithms. Additionally, the
promising results show the hardness, quick convergence
and potency of the projected technique.
NOVEL PSO STRATEGY FOR TRANSMISSION CONGESTION MANAGEMENTelelijjournal
In post deregulated era of power system load characteristics become more erratic. Unplanned transactions
of electrical power through transmission lines of particular path may occur due to low cost offered by
generating companies. As a consequence those lines driven close to their operating limits and becomes
congested as the lines are originally designed for traditional vertically integrated structure of power
system. This congestion in transmission lines is unpredictable with deterministic load flow strategy.
Rescheduling active and reactive power output of generators is the promising way to manage congestion.
In this paper Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with varying inertia weight strategy, with two variants
e1-PSO and e-2 PSO is applied for optimal solution of active and reactive power rescheduling for
managing congestion. The generators sensitivity technique is opted for identifying participating generators
for managing congestion. Proposed algorithm is tested on IEEE 30 bus system. Comparison is made
between results obtained from proposed techniques to that of results reported in previous literature.
Optimal Power Generation in Energy-Deficient Scenarios Using Bagging EnsemblesKashif Mehmood
This paper presents an improved technique for optimal power generation using ensemble
artificial neural networks (EANN). The motive for using EANN is to benefit from multiple parallel processor
computing rather than traditional serial computation to reduce bias and variance in machine learning. The
load data is obtained from the load regulation authority of Pakistan for 24 hours. The data is analyzed on an
IEEE 30-bus test system by implementing two approaches; the conventional artificial neural network (ANN)
with feed-forward back-propagation model and a Bagging algorithm. To improve the training of ANN and
authenticate its result, first the Load Flow Analysis (LFA) on IEEE 30 bus is performed using Newton
Raphson Method and then the program is developed in MATLAB using Lagrange relaxation (LR) framework
to solve a power-generator scheduling problem. The bootstraps for the EANN are obtained through a disjoint
partition Bagging algorithm to handle the fluctuating power demand and is used to forecast the power
generation. The results of MATLAB simulations are analyzed and compared along with computational
complexity, therein showing the dominance of the EANN over the traditional ANN strategy that closed
to LR
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
• Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
• Information Engineering and Technology,
• Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
• Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
• Material and Chemical Engineering,
• Civil and Architecture Engineering,
• Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
• Environmental Engineering,
• Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
• Marine and Agriculture engineering,
• Aerospace Engineering
Optimal Allocation of Capacitor Bank in Radial Distribution System using Anal...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a novel analytical technique is proposed for optimal allocation of shunt capacitor bank in radial distribution system. An objective function is formulated to determine the optimal size, number and location of capacitor bank for real & reactive power loss reduction, voltage profile enhancement and annual cost saving. A new constant, Power Voltage Sensitivity Constant (PVSC), has been proposed here. The value of PVSC constant decides the candidate bus location and size. The achievability of the proposed method has been demonstrated on IEEE-69 bus and real distribution system of Jamawaramgarh, Jaipur city. The obtained results are compared with latest optimization techniques to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed technique.
Capacitor Placement Using Bat Algorithm for Maximum Annual Savings in Radial ...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a two stage approach that determines the optimal location and size of capacitors on radial distribution systems to improve voltage profile and to reduce the active power loss. In first stage, the capacitor locations can be found by using loss sensitivity method. Bat algorithm is used for finding the optimal capacitor sizes in radial distribution systems. The sizes of the capacitors corresponding to maximum annual savings are determined by considering the cost of the capacitors. The proposed method is tested on 15-bus, 33 bus, 34-bus, 69-bus and 85-bus test systems and the results are presented.
This paper presents the implementation of multiple distributed generations planning in distribution system using computational intelligence technique. A pre-developed computational intelligence optimization technique named as Embedded Meta EP-Firefly Algorithm (EMEFA) was utilized to determine distribution loss and penetration level for the purpose of distributed generation (DG) installation. In this study, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used in order to solve the complexity of the multiple DG concepts. EMEFA-ANN was developed to optimize the weight of the ANN to minimize the mean squared error. The proposed method was validated on IEEE 69 Bus distribution system with several load variations scenario. The case study was conducted based on the multiple unit of DG in distribution system by considering the DGs are modeled as type I which is capable of injecting real power. Results obtained from the study could be utilized by the utility and energy commission for loss reduction scheme in distribution system.
This paper analyses the optimal power system planning with DGs used as real and reactive power compensator. Recently planning of DG placement reactive power compensation are the major problems in distribution system. As the requirement in the power is more the DG placement becomes important. When planned to make the DG placement, cost analysis becomes as a major concern. And if the DGs operate as reactive power compensator it is most helpful in power quality maintenance. So, this paper deals with the optimal power system planning with renewable DGs which can be used as a reactive power compensators. The problem is formulated and solved using popular meta-heuristic techniques called cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). the comparative results are presented.
Atmosphere Clouds Model Algorithm for Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch...ijeei-iaes
In this paper, a new method, called Atmosphere Clouds Model (ACM) algorithm, used for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem. ACM stochastic optimization algorithm stimulated from the behavior of cloud in the natural earth. ACM replicate the generation behavior, shift behavior and extend behavior of cloud. The projected (ACM) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results shows clearly about the superior performance of the proposed algorithm in plummeting the real power loss.
Power losses reduction of power transmission network using optimal location o...IJECEIAES
Due to the growth of demand for electric power, electric power loss reduction takes great attention for the power utility. In this paper, a low-level generation or distributed generation (DG) has been used for transmission power losses reduction. Karbala city transmission network (which is the case study) has been represented by using MATLAB m-file to study the load flow and the power loss for it. The paper proposed the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique in order to find the optimal number and allocation of DG with the objective to decrease power losses as possible. The results show the effect of the optimal allocation of DG on power loss reduction.
Hybrid Quantum Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm For Solving Opti...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper presents hybrid particle swarm algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem. Modal analysis of the system is used for static voltage stability assessment. Loss minimization and maximization of voltage stability margin are taken as the objectives. Generator terminal voltages, reactive power generation of the capacitor banks and tap changing transformer setting are taken as the optimization variables. Evolutionary algorithm and Swarm Intelligence algorithm (EA, SI), a part of Bio inspired optimization algorithm, have been widely used to solve numerous optimization problem in various science and engineering domains. In this paper, a framework of hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm, called Hybrid quantum genetic particle swarm optimization (HQGPSO), is proposed by reasonably combining the Q-bit evolutionary search of quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm and binary bit evolutionary search of genetic particle swarm optimization (GPSO) in order to achieve better optimization performances. The proposed HQGPSO also can be viewed as a kind of hybridization of micro-space based search and macro-space based search, which enriches the searching behavior to enhance and balance the exploration and exploitation abilities in the whole searching space. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system and compared to other algorithms.
Keywords: quantum particle swarm optimization, genetic particle swarm optimization, hybrid algorithm Optimization, Swarm Intelligence, optimal reactive power, Transmission loss.
OPTIMIZATION OF COMBINED ECONOMIC EMISSION DISPATCH PROBLEM USING ARTIFICIAL ...IJCI JOURNAL
Optimal system operation, in general, involves the consideration of economy of operation, system security,
emissions at fossil-fuel plants, optimal release of water at hydro power plants etc. and aim at improving the efficiency of the power system. In this research work, consideration will be given to two aspects of the optimal system operation, emissions and economy of operation, also known as economic dispatch. Generally the heuristic methods like Genetic algorithm, Simulated annealing, Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony techniques and their various modifications have shown marked improvement in the addressing of the economic dispatch problem as well as the combined economic and emission dispatch problem. However there is scope of improvement of the solution to the combined economic and emission dispatch problems, in terms of better convergence, lower losses, faster computation times, reduced fuel costs and reduced emissions. It is worthy of notice that Artificial Bee Colony Method applied in the present work, yielded superior solutions than the heuristic and traditional optimization techniques.
Multi Objective Directed Bee Colony Optimization for Economic Load Dispatch W...IJECEIAES
Earlier economic emission dispatch methods for optimizing emission level comprising carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and sulpher dioxide in thermal generation, made use of soft computing techniques like fuzzy,neural network,evolutionary programming,differential evolution and particle swarm optimization etc..The above methods incurred comparatively more transmission loss.So looking into the nonlinear load behavior of unbalanced systems following differential load pattern prevalent in tropical countries like India,Pakistan and Bangladesh etc.,the erratic variation of enhanced power demand is of immense importance which is included in this paper vide multi objective directed bee colony optimization with enhanced power demand to optimize transmission losses to a desired level.In the current dissertation making use of multi objective directed bee colony optimization with enhanced power demand technique the emission level versus cost of generation has been displayed vide figure-3 & figure-4 and this result has been compared with other dispatch methods using valve point loading(VPL) and multi objective directed bee colony optimization with & without transmission loss.
HYBRID PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR SOLVING MULTI-AREA ECONOMIC DISPATCH P...ijsc
We consider the Multi-Area Economic Dispatch problem (MAEDP) in deregulated power system
environment for practical multi-area cases with tie line constraints. Our objective is to generate allocation
to the power generators in such a manner that the total fuel cost is minimized while all operating
constraints are satisfied. This problem is NP-hard. In this paper, we propose Hybrid Particle Swarm
Optimization (HGAPSO) to solve MAEDP. The experimental results are reported to show the efficiency of
proposed algorithms compared to Particle Swarm Optimization with Time-Varying Acceleration
Coefficients (PSO-TVAC) and RCGA.
Minimization of Overall Losses of a Distribution System under Contingency Con...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, a methodology has been proposed to minimize the losses of distribution systems (technical and non-technical losses) that is an absolutely necessary objective in the sound management of any electrical utility. The transmission & distribution losses in Indian power system are high. Most of the efforts of power planners concentrate on augmenting supply by building new power plants. But saving is possible by improving operating conditions for the distribution network. Due to inadequate planning and methods adopted for load shifting, some networks are under loaded while others are overloaded. Thus there is some scope for improvement in operating strategies. Network reconfiguration in distribution system is realized by changing the status of the sectionalizing switches and is usually done for loss reduction and avoids overloading. In primary distribution system (11KV), the need for reconfiguration occurs in emergency condition following the fault to isolate faulted section and in normal condition to reduce system losses or to avoid overloading of network. The main objective of the paper is to outline a methodology for management of distribution system for loss reduction by network reconfiguration. The possible techniques used for power loss reduction, which are network reconfiguration and capacitor addition. Case studies were simulated on an interconnected ring main distribution network.
Effect of Mobile Banking on Customer Satisfaction in Selected Banks in Trans-...paperpublications3
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of mobile banking on customer satisfaction in selected banks in Trans-Nzoia County. The study was guided by the following objectives: -to establish the effect of reliability of mobile banking on customer satisfaction, to determine the effect of responsiveness of mobile banking on customer satisfaction , and to evaluate the effect of accessibility of mobile banking services on customer satisfaction in Trans-Nzoia County. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The target population was ten selected banks in Trans-Nzoia County. The study was guided by the; innovation diffusion theory, technology acceptance model (TAM), and theory of reasoned action (TRA). The study adopted the descriptive survey research design with the target population being the selected commercial banks personnel in Trans Nzoia County, totaling to 41 respondents. Census method was adopted since the target population was less than the minimum a hundred for sampling to be used for research. A structured questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument that was designed in a Likert scale format. Data analysis was carried out by use of regression and ANOVA using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 in order to statistically produce the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. From the findings, the researcher concluded that the regression effect was statistically significant indicating a reliable prediction of the dependent variable. The F calculated (F =39.96) greater than 5% level of significance thereby showing that the model was significant where the independent variables explained 85% of the mobile banking customer satisfaction. The study was significant to the banking sector since mobile banking is a phenomenon that has taken off and can’t be washed away.
Reduction of Active Power Loss byUsing Adaptive Cat Swarm Optimizationijeei-iaes
This paper presents, an Adaptive Cat Swarm Optimization (ACSO) for solving reactive power dispatch problem. Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) is one of the new-fangled swarm intelligence algorithms for finding the most excellent global solution. Because of complication, sometimes conventional CSO takes a lengthy time to converge and cannot attain the precise solution. For solving reactive power dispatch problem and to improve the convergence accuracy level, we propose a new adaptive CSO namely ‘Adaptive Cat Swarm Optimization’ (ACSO). First, we take account of a new-fangled adaptive inertia weight to velocity equation and then employ an adaptive acceleration coefficient. Second, by utilizing the information of two previous or next dimensions and applying a new-fangled factor, we attain to a new position update equation composing the average of position and velocity information. The projected ACSO has been tested on standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results shows clearly about the high-quality performance of the planned algorithm in tumbling the real power loss.
Economic and Emission Dispatch using Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) IJECEIAES
This paper work present one of the latest meta heuristic optimization approaches named whale optimization algorithm as a new algorithm developed to solve the economic dispatch problem. The execution of the utilized algorithm is analyzed using standard test system of IEEE 30 bus system. The proposed algorithm delivered optimum or near optimum solutions. Fuel cost and emission costs are considered together to get better result for economic dispatch. The analysis shows good convergence property for WOA and provides better results in comparison with PSO. The achieved results in this study using the above-mentioned algorithm have been compared with obtained results using other intelligent methods such as particle swarm Optimization. The overall performance of this algorithm collates with early proven optimization methodology, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The minimum cost for the generation of units is obtained for the standard bus system.
Economic Load Dispatch Problem with Valve – Point Effect Using a Binary Bat A...IDES Editor
This paper proposes application of BAT algorithm
for solving economic load dispatch problem. BAT
algorithmic rule is predicated on the localization
characteristics of micro bats. The proposed approach has
been examined and tested with the numerical results of
economic load dispatch problems with three and five
generating units with valve - point loading without
considering prohibited operating zones and ramp rate limits.
The results of the projected BAT formula are compared with
that of other techniques such as lambda iteration, GA, PSO,
APSO, EP, ABC and basic principle. For each case, the
projected algorithmic program outperforms the answer
reported for the existing algorithms. Additionally, the
promising results show the hardness, quick convergence
and potency of the projected technique.
NOVEL PSO STRATEGY FOR TRANSMISSION CONGESTION MANAGEMENTelelijjournal
In post deregulated era of power system load characteristics become more erratic. Unplanned transactions
of electrical power through transmission lines of particular path may occur due to low cost offered by
generating companies. As a consequence those lines driven close to their operating limits and becomes
congested as the lines are originally designed for traditional vertically integrated structure of power
system. This congestion in transmission lines is unpredictable with deterministic load flow strategy.
Rescheduling active and reactive power output of generators is the promising way to manage congestion.
In this paper Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with varying inertia weight strategy, with two variants
e1-PSO and e-2 PSO is applied for optimal solution of active and reactive power rescheduling for
managing congestion. The generators sensitivity technique is opted for identifying participating generators
for managing congestion. Proposed algorithm is tested on IEEE 30 bus system. Comparison is made
between results obtained from proposed techniques to that of results reported in previous literature.
Optimal Power Generation in Energy-Deficient Scenarios Using Bagging EnsemblesKashif Mehmood
This paper presents an improved technique for optimal power generation using ensemble
artificial neural networks (EANN). The motive for using EANN is to benefit from multiple parallel processor
computing rather than traditional serial computation to reduce bias and variance in machine learning. The
load data is obtained from the load regulation authority of Pakistan for 24 hours. The data is analyzed on an
IEEE 30-bus test system by implementing two approaches; the conventional artificial neural network (ANN)
with feed-forward back-propagation model and a Bagging algorithm. To improve the training of ANN and
authenticate its result, first the Load Flow Analysis (LFA) on IEEE 30 bus is performed using Newton
Raphson Method and then the program is developed in MATLAB using Lagrange relaxation (LR) framework
to solve a power-generator scheduling problem. The bootstraps for the EANN are obtained through a disjoint
partition Bagging algorithm to handle the fluctuating power demand and is used to forecast the power
generation. The results of MATLAB simulations are analyzed and compared along with computational
complexity, therein showing the dominance of the EANN over the traditional ANN strategy that closed
to LR
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
• Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
• Information Engineering and Technology,
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Optimal Allocation of Capacitor Bank in Radial Distribution System using Anal...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a novel analytical technique is proposed for optimal allocation of shunt capacitor bank in radial distribution system. An objective function is formulated to determine the optimal size, number and location of capacitor bank for real & reactive power loss reduction, voltage profile enhancement and annual cost saving. A new constant, Power Voltage Sensitivity Constant (PVSC), has been proposed here. The value of PVSC constant decides the candidate bus location and size. The achievability of the proposed method has been demonstrated on IEEE-69 bus and real distribution system of Jamawaramgarh, Jaipur city. The obtained results are compared with latest optimization techniques to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed technique.
Capacitor Placement Using Bat Algorithm for Maximum Annual Savings in Radial ...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a two stage approach that determines the optimal location and size of capacitors on radial distribution systems to improve voltage profile and to reduce the active power loss. In first stage, the capacitor locations can be found by using loss sensitivity method. Bat algorithm is used for finding the optimal capacitor sizes in radial distribution systems. The sizes of the capacitors corresponding to maximum annual savings are determined by considering the cost of the capacitors. The proposed method is tested on 15-bus, 33 bus, 34-bus, 69-bus and 85-bus test systems and the results are presented.
This paper presents the implementation of multiple distributed generations planning in distribution system using computational intelligence technique. A pre-developed computational intelligence optimization technique named as Embedded Meta EP-Firefly Algorithm (EMEFA) was utilized to determine distribution loss and penetration level for the purpose of distributed generation (DG) installation. In this study, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used in order to solve the complexity of the multiple DG concepts. EMEFA-ANN was developed to optimize the weight of the ANN to minimize the mean squared error. The proposed method was validated on IEEE 69 Bus distribution system with several load variations scenario. The case study was conducted based on the multiple unit of DG in distribution system by considering the DGs are modeled as type I which is capable of injecting real power. Results obtained from the study could be utilized by the utility and energy commission for loss reduction scheme in distribution system.
This paper analyses the optimal power system planning with DGs used as real and reactive power compensator. Recently planning of DG placement reactive power compensation are the major problems in distribution system. As the requirement in the power is more the DG placement becomes important. When planned to make the DG placement, cost analysis becomes as a major concern. And if the DGs operate as reactive power compensator it is most helpful in power quality maintenance. So, this paper deals with the optimal power system planning with renewable DGs which can be used as a reactive power compensators. The problem is formulated and solved using popular meta-heuristic techniques called cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). the comparative results are presented.
Atmosphere Clouds Model Algorithm for Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch...ijeei-iaes
In this paper, a new method, called Atmosphere Clouds Model (ACM) algorithm, used for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem. ACM stochastic optimization algorithm stimulated from the behavior of cloud in the natural earth. ACM replicate the generation behavior, shift behavior and extend behavior of cloud. The projected (ACM) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results shows clearly about the superior performance of the proposed algorithm in plummeting the real power loss.
Power losses reduction of power transmission network using optimal location o...IJECEIAES
Due to the growth of demand for electric power, electric power loss reduction takes great attention for the power utility. In this paper, a low-level generation or distributed generation (DG) has been used for transmission power losses reduction. Karbala city transmission network (which is the case study) has been represented by using MATLAB m-file to study the load flow and the power loss for it. The paper proposed the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique in order to find the optimal number and allocation of DG with the objective to decrease power losses as possible. The results show the effect of the optimal allocation of DG on power loss reduction.
Hybrid Quantum Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm For Solving Opti...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper presents hybrid particle swarm algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem. Modal analysis of the system is used for static voltage stability assessment. Loss minimization and maximization of voltage stability margin are taken as the objectives. Generator terminal voltages, reactive power generation of the capacitor banks and tap changing transformer setting are taken as the optimization variables. Evolutionary algorithm and Swarm Intelligence algorithm (EA, SI), a part of Bio inspired optimization algorithm, have been widely used to solve numerous optimization problem in various science and engineering domains. In this paper, a framework of hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm, called Hybrid quantum genetic particle swarm optimization (HQGPSO), is proposed by reasonably combining the Q-bit evolutionary search of quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm and binary bit evolutionary search of genetic particle swarm optimization (GPSO) in order to achieve better optimization performances. The proposed HQGPSO also can be viewed as a kind of hybridization of micro-space based search and macro-space based search, which enriches the searching behavior to enhance and balance the exploration and exploitation abilities in the whole searching space. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system and compared to other algorithms.
Keywords: quantum particle swarm optimization, genetic particle swarm optimization, hybrid algorithm Optimization, Swarm Intelligence, optimal reactive power, Transmission loss.
OPTIMIZATION OF COMBINED ECONOMIC EMISSION DISPATCH PROBLEM USING ARTIFICIAL ...IJCI JOURNAL
Optimal system operation, in general, involves the consideration of economy of operation, system security,
emissions at fossil-fuel plants, optimal release of water at hydro power plants etc. and aim at improving the efficiency of the power system. In this research work, consideration will be given to two aspects of the optimal system operation, emissions and economy of operation, also known as economic dispatch. Generally the heuristic methods like Genetic algorithm, Simulated annealing, Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony techniques and their various modifications have shown marked improvement in the addressing of the economic dispatch problem as well as the combined economic and emission dispatch problem. However there is scope of improvement of the solution to the combined economic and emission dispatch problems, in terms of better convergence, lower losses, faster computation times, reduced fuel costs and reduced emissions. It is worthy of notice that Artificial Bee Colony Method applied in the present work, yielded superior solutions than the heuristic and traditional optimization techniques.
Multi Objective Directed Bee Colony Optimization for Economic Load Dispatch W...IJECEIAES
Earlier economic emission dispatch methods for optimizing emission level comprising carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and sulpher dioxide in thermal generation, made use of soft computing techniques like fuzzy,neural network,evolutionary programming,differential evolution and particle swarm optimization etc..The above methods incurred comparatively more transmission loss.So looking into the nonlinear load behavior of unbalanced systems following differential load pattern prevalent in tropical countries like India,Pakistan and Bangladesh etc.,the erratic variation of enhanced power demand is of immense importance which is included in this paper vide multi objective directed bee colony optimization with enhanced power demand to optimize transmission losses to a desired level.In the current dissertation making use of multi objective directed bee colony optimization with enhanced power demand technique the emission level versus cost of generation has been displayed vide figure-3 & figure-4 and this result has been compared with other dispatch methods using valve point loading(VPL) and multi objective directed bee colony optimization with & without transmission loss.
HYBRID PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR SOLVING MULTI-AREA ECONOMIC DISPATCH P...ijsc
We consider the Multi-Area Economic Dispatch problem (MAEDP) in deregulated power system
environment for practical multi-area cases with tie line constraints. Our objective is to generate allocation
to the power generators in such a manner that the total fuel cost is minimized while all operating
constraints are satisfied. This problem is NP-hard. In this paper, we propose Hybrid Particle Swarm
Optimization (HGAPSO) to solve MAEDP. The experimental results are reported to show the efficiency of
proposed algorithms compared to Particle Swarm Optimization with Time-Varying Acceleration
Coefficients (PSO-TVAC) and RCGA.
Minimization of Overall Losses of a Distribution System under Contingency Con...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, a methodology has been proposed to minimize the losses of distribution systems (technical and non-technical losses) that is an absolutely necessary objective in the sound management of any electrical utility. The transmission & distribution losses in Indian power system are high. Most of the efforts of power planners concentrate on augmenting supply by building new power plants. But saving is possible by improving operating conditions for the distribution network. Due to inadequate planning and methods adopted for load shifting, some networks are under loaded while others are overloaded. Thus there is some scope for improvement in operating strategies. Network reconfiguration in distribution system is realized by changing the status of the sectionalizing switches and is usually done for loss reduction and avoids overloading. In primary distribution system (11KV), the need for reconfiguration occurs in emergency condition following the fault to isolate faulted section and in normal condition to reduce system losses or to avoid overloading of network. The main objective of the paper is to outline a methodology for management of distribution system for loss reduction by network reconfiguration. The possible techniques used for power loss reduction, which are network reconfiguration and capacitor addition. Case studies were simulated on an interconnected ring main distribution network.
Effect of Mobile Banking on Customer Satisfaction in Selected Banks in Trans-...paperpublications3
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of mobile banking on customer satisfaction in selected banks in Trans-Nzoia County. The study was guided by the following objectives: -to establish the effect of reliability of mobile banking on customer satisfaction, to determine the effect of responsiveness of mobile banking on customer satisfaction , and to evaluate the effect of accessibility of mobile banking services on customer satisfaction in Trans-Nzoia County. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The target population was ten selected banks in Trans-Nzoia County. The study was guided by the; innovation diffusion theory, technology acceptance model (TAM), and theory of reasoned action (TRA). The study adopted the descriptive survey research design with the target population being the selected commercial banks personnel in Trans Nzoia County, totaling to 41 respondents. Census method was adopted since the target population was less than the minimum a hundred for sampling to be used for research. A structured questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument that was designed in a Likert scale format. Data analysis was carried out by use of regression and ANOVA using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 in order to statistically produce the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. From the findings, the researcher concluded that the regression effect was statistically significant indicating a reliable prediction of the dependent variable. The F calculated (F =39.96) greater than 5% level of significance thereby showing that the model was significant where the independent variables explained 85% of the mobile banking customer satisfaction. The study was significant to the banking sector since mobile banking is a phenomenon that has taken off and can’t be washed away.
Organizational Efficiency and Internal Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study of...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study sought to examine organizational efficiency on internal customer satisfaction at Accra Technical University. Data collected from 75 employees were used through census in order to ensure high representativeness and generalization. The main instrument for the study was the questionnaire. The SPSS (Version 16.0) software was used to analyse the data. The results were expressed to percentages (%). In terms of satisfaction with support from other workers, slightly more than half of the respondents were satisfied at the workplace. Similarly, with regards to efficiency in the organisation, the majority of the employees were dissatisfied with all the three indicators used to measure the construct. For example, in all the three indicators, more than two-thirds indicated their dissatisfaction. Finally, as to what can be done to improve internal support in the Technical University, the respondents were actually not too certain to comment. In conclusion, effective communication with external customers and feedback system in the Technical University are a big challenge and that if left unchecked has the potential to affect the organization's efficiency. It is therefore recommended that management should put measures in place for improving communication system in the Technical University, since this has a great potential to prevent the company from achieving its targets. It is also recommended that employees should be rewarded after delivering excellent results apart from their monthly salary so as to highly motivate them to see the University succeed.
THE IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY AND BRAND AWARENESS ON BRAND LOYALTY: (A STUDY ...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study investigate the impact of service quality and brand awareness on brand loyalty. The participants of the survey were 400 mobile telecommunication subscribers from the fourteen local government areas of Zamfara state derived using Taro Yamane sample size formula. Regression analysis was the statistical tools used to test for the two hypotheses using version 22 SPSS. The findings suggested that that there exist significant positive influence between brand awareness and brand loyalty, service quality and brand loyalty. The present research provides resourceful and clear findings for telecommunication companies which can be harnessed in their effort to create and implement successful customer loyalty strategies. Future research can also look into other sub-variables under brand awareness like traditional advertisement, non-traditional advertising, sales promotion, leveraging on the web, sponsoring local and social events and their ratio of relative significance on brand loyalty.
Design and Implementation of Area Efficiency AES Algoritham with FPGA and ASICpaperpublications3
Abstract: A public domain encryption standard is subject to continuous, vigilant, expert cryptanalysis. AES is a symmetric encryption algorithm processing data in block of 128 bits. Under the influence of a key, a 128-bit block is encrypted by transforming it in a unique way into a new block of the same size. To implement AES Rijndael algorithm on FPGA using Verilog and synthesis using Xilinx, Plain text of 128 bit data is considered for encryption using Rijndael algorithm utilizing key. This encryption method is versatile used for military applications. The same key is used for decryption to recover the original 128 bit plain text. For high speed applications, the Non LUT based implementation of AES S-box and inverse S-box is preferred. Development of physical design of AES-128 bit is done using cadence SoC encounter. Performance evaluation of the physical design with respect to area, power, and time has been done. The core consumes 10.11 mW of power for the core area of 330100.742 μm2.
The Impact of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) on Talent Developmentpaperpublications3
Abstract: This Paper is one of the most important papers which focus on Key Performance Indicators in relation with talent development which start to be the main focus of all companies and countries and most researchers start working on the same subject to give more insights on it. This paper aim to explore the importance of Key Performance Indicators and its impact on Talent development and the advantages of using the performance management system especially in the large companies where there are difficulties in assessing employees’ performance. The importance of this research is the well develop and design comprehensive framework about the establishment, use and evolution of key performance indicators and how specialists can use the tools and implement process step by step with the highlighting of all challenges and limitations. The challenge is in the KPIs more than calculate the human capital ROI and Talent Development because it’s the hardest part where implementing such techniques can restructure all the organization from the bottom line. This level of extensiveness is the place the test exists much of the time, and where the profit of having a decent strategic plan is not completely figured it out. In short, it is a long between joined affix that needs to be concentrated on nearly part by part.
Role of Procurement on the Completion of Projects in the Energy Sector in Kenyapaperpublications3
Abstract: This study aimed to find out the role of procurement in completion of public projects. The study sought to establish how various aspects of the procurement contribute to the completion of projects. The specific objectives of the study were; to find out the role of contract management on project completion in the energy sector in Kenya; to determine the role of bidding on project completion in the energy sector in Kenya; to find out the role of procurement planning on project completion in the energy sector in Kenya and to determine the role of scheduling on project completion in the energy sector in Kenya. The study adopted a case study research design. The target population of interest in this study consisted of 58 staff members at KenGen Tana branch in Murang’a County and precisely Supply chain department, Finance department, Operations management department, Administration department, Security and integrity department.This research adopted a stratified sampling technique in selecting the sample. The main instrument for data collection was structured questionnaires that allow for uniformity of responses to questions. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution and percentages were used to summarize and present data. Pearson’s correlations coefficients was run to examine the relationship among the independent and the dependent study variables that are set out in the objectives of the study. The study findings indicated that change in project completion can be explained by four predictors namely contract management, bidding, procurement planning and project scheduling an implication that the remaining of the variation in project completion could be accounted for by other factors not considered in this study. From the findings, it was established that KenGen had incorporated procurement function in project completion which involve performance targets, planning and control systems, monitoring and evaluation that generates good result. According to the research findings, procurement function was involved in project implementation. Effects of contract management, bidding, procurement planning and project scheduling were found to be statistically significant with a positive impact on project completion. The study recommends that procurement should be involved in all the stages and entire lifecycle of a project from initialization through contract administration to completion of projects. Following the results of the study, it is evident to conclude that there is a positive relationship between procurement and project completion.
EVOLVING TRENDS FOR ENHANCING THE ACCURACY OF FAULT LOCATION IN POWER DISTRIB...paperpublications3
Keywords:Power distribution networks, fault location, artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, impedance-based algorithm.
Title:EVOLVING TRENDS FOR ENHANCING THE ACCURACY OF FAULT LOCATION IN POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
Author:Surender Kumar Yellagoud, Prof. T. Purnachandra Rao, Dr. G. N.Sreenivas
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
ISSN 2349-7815
Paper Publications
Comparing the effect of PI and I controllers on a four tank processpaperpublications3
Abstract:In industrial control systems the liquid level is carrying its significance as the control action for level control in tanks containing different chemicals or mixtures is essential for further control linking set points. In this paper we will investigate the effect of PI and I controllers on a four tank process and will compare this controllers together. We want to know how much is the effect of, I and PI controllers on a process control. For more clarification we simulate the effect of PI and I controllers on this system.
Abstract:Reactive Power Optimization is a complex combinatorial optimization problem involving non-linear function having multiple local minima, non-linear and discontinuous constrains. This paper presents PS2O, which extends the dynamics of the canonical PSO algorithm by adding a significant ingredient that takes into account the symbiotic co evolution between species, Hybrid Evolutionary-Conventional Algorithm (HECA) that uses the abilities of evolutionary and conventional algorithm and Genetical Swarm Optimization (GSO), combines Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).All the above said algorithms is used to overcome the Problem of premature convergence. PS2O, HECA , GSO is applied to Reactive Power Optimization problem and is evaluated on standard IEEE 57, practical 191 test Bus Systems. The results shows that all the three algorithms perform well in solving the reactive power problem and prevent premature convergence to high degree but still keep a rapid convergence. Of all the three PS2O has the edge in reducing the real power loss when compared to HECA & GSO.
A Theoretical Statistical Measurement Model Analysis on Human Capital Economi...paperpublications3
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the main issues which effect the economic growth and the poverty in Bulgaria in relation with rate of human capital growth.
The assumption that in the modern world poverty isn’t a concept associated with the shortage of income is grounded. At its core the poverty is an expression of lack of opportunities for the person. The interest in it is completely understandable, because poverty is perceived as the most important social problem, in which all significant existential questions and challenges to the social sciences are focused virtually.
DETERMINANTS OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN WEST POKOT COUNTYpaperpublications3
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to analyse determinants of effective quality management. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of training on effective service delivery in public schools in West Pokot County, to determine the effect of leadership style on effective service delivery in public schools in West Pokot County, to evaluate the effect of employee remuneration on effective service delivery in public schools in West Pokot County and to determine the effect of employee motivation on effective service delivery in public schools in West Pokot County. The study adopted descriptive survey design to test the hypotheses. The target population for this study was 101 public primary schools. A sample of 28public schools was drawn from the population using stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire and direct interview tools were used to gather data. Data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between training, employee remuneration, leadership style and employee motivation, and service delivery in public primary schools. The study is significant to the head teachers, educational officers and government who appreciate and understand the determinants of service delivery in public schools in West Pokot County.
Factors Influencing Implementation of Strategic Plans in Non-Governmental Org...paperpublications3
Abstract: This study sought to determine the factors influencing implementation of strategic plans in Non-Governmental Organizations in Trans-Nzoia County. The specific objectives of the study were to; to investigate the influence of organizational leadership on strategic plans implementation in NGOs in Trans-Nzoia County; to establish the influence of organizational structure adopted by NGOs in Trans-Nzoia County on strategic plans implementation; to determine the effect of resource allocation on implementation of strategic plans in NGOs in Trans-Nzoia County. The researcher used descriptive research design to determine factors influencing implementation of strategic plans in NGOs in Trans-Nzoia County. The target population was 80 employees of 8 registered NGOs operating in Trans-Nzoia County. Top level managers, middle level managers and lower level employees were the respondents. Out of the 80 respondents 77 filled and returned the questionnaires. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. The data collected was analysed using simple descriptive statistics including percentages, and frequencies. On regression results, R squared was 0.755 hence there was variation of 75.5% on strategy implementation due to organizational leadership, organizational structure, and resource allocation at 95% confidence interval. The study established that organizational leadership, resource allocation and organizational structure significantly influence implementation of strategic plans in NGOs in Trans-Nzoia County. P-Values were organizational leadership, 0.000, resource allocation, 0.001 and organizational structure, 0.027. All these p-values were less than 0.05 hence significant. The study found that there was no adequate flow of information and communication; pet projects by top managers receive more resources; employees were not involved in decision making and employees were not given feedback. Due to the above finds the recommendations are: adjustment of organizational structures to allow free flow of information and communication; resource allocation to be geared towards the organization’s vision; and leadership to adopt leadership styles and practices that encourage employee participation. Also, the leadership should appraise employees regularly with an aim of giving feedback so as to improve their performance.
Prevalence of SHRM Practices in Operational NGOs in Keralapaperpublications3
Abstract: Strategic Human Resource Management has become the buzz world today owing to its potential to bring forth result oriented management of the vital resources of an organization; the Human Resources. There has been many attempts to relate or rather prove the impact of SHRM practices upon the performance of various industries and this research paper is drafted depending on a study conducted on SHRM in operational NGOs in Kerala. Through this paper, an attempt is made to probe the way SHRM practices are being implemented in the NGOs by way of effective Talent Management. The analysis revealed a strong prevalence of SHRM practices especially with regard to Talent Management in the NGOs under study.
TALENT ACQUISITION PROCEDURE OF HR PROCESS: A CASE OF HCL INFOSYSTEM PVT LTD.paperpublications3
Abstract: Human Resource is an important part in every industry, company, organisation, etc. No organisation can’t run without its resources, they need people to work. Right people at the right place are important in every organisation as without placing the people at the right job won’t work the organisation to grow. Hiring also starts with the human asset arranging which tells about the kind of individuals the association needs. Sometimes, it doesn’t mean how many are working in the organisation, it also depends on the experience, knowledge, efficiency, talent, skills and also capability that how the employee can handle the work and do it dedicatedly. Hiring is an on-going process, which is not confined at all.
As we know that some employees also leave the organisation in search of new job so that it can fulfil their needs or to get new experiences or they want to explore new location, some retire or there are many other problems which employees face, so for that an organisation needs the hiring team, which are broadly classified into two categories, i.e., Recruitment and Selection, Here, Recruitment can be a positive approach because many of the people can gets selected who are capable of the job, but in case of the Selection, it is a negative approach because out of so many people, we have to neglect and find the best out of them.
The selection for the organisation can be critical because of the two reasons, i.e. work performance given to them, so are they comfortable and can give it on time or not. And secondly, the cost as the cost decided by the company or an organisation, the candidate is comfortable with it or not. So, if these factors don’t happen, then we need to again start with the process.
Combination of Immune Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm with BP a...paperpublications3
Abstract:In this paper, merging Immune Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (IGPSO) with BP algorithm to optimize BP Neural Network parameter i.e., BPIGPSO amalgamation to solve optimal reactive power dispatch algorithm. The basic perception is that first training BP neural network with IGPSO to find out a comparatively optimal solution, then take the network parameter at this time as the preliminary parameter of BP algorithm to carry out the training, finally searching the optimal solution. The proposed BPIGPSO has been tested on standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results show clearly the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
Hybrid Quantum Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm For Solving Opti...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper presents hybrid particle swarm algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem. Modal analysis of the system is used for static voltage stability assessment. Loss minimization and maximization of voltage stability margin are taken as the objectives. Generator terminal voltages, reactive power generation of the capacitor banks and tap changing transformer setting are taken as the optimization variables. Evolutionary algorithm and Swarm Intelligence algorithm (EA, SI), a part of Bio inspired optimization algorithm, have been widely used to solve numerous optimization problem in various science and engineering domains. In this paper, a framework of hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm, called Hybrid quantum genetic particle swarm optimization (HQGPSO), is proposed by reasonably combining the Q-bit evolutionary search of quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm and binary bit evolutionary search of genetic particle swarm optimization (GPSO) in order to achieve better optimization performances. The proposed HQGPSO also can be viewed as a kind of hybridization of micro-space based search and macro-space based search, which enriches the searching behavior to enhance and balance the exploration and exploitation abilities in the whole searching space. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system and compared to other algorithms.
EFFECTS OF SUPPLIER EFFICIENCY ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN KENYA SEED COMPA...paperpublications3
Abstract: Recruitment and keeping qualified suppliers is very important in procurement performance in any organization. However, many factors affect a firm's ability to determine and select the most efficient supplier. This study was undertaken with the main objective to assess the supplier selection and evaluation practices in the Kenya Seed Company. The study was guided by three specific objectives; to establish the criteria used for supplier evaluation in the Company; to find out the challenges of implementing Supplier Evaluation in the Company and to determine the relationship between Supplier Evaluation Criteria and procurement Performance in the Company. It employed a descriptive research design. The target population was 250 employees in the Company. A sample of 154 was selected to give response to the study. The response rate was 100%. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Findings revealed that the Company base their selection on following criteria; quality of the supplier services , financial position of the supplier, flexibility of the supplier, supplier efficiency in service delivery, supplier charges, constitution and the PPOA guidelines, supplier technical capability, supplier profile, experience of the supplier in offering certain services/products as well as compliance with procurement procedures. However, supplier evaluation in these organizations is faced by several challenges including corruption, incompetent procurement officers, inefficiencies in procurement processes, lack of incentives, pressure of implementing PPOA and PPDA guidelines, cost of implementing procurement systems as well as maintaining procurement system greatly affects supplier selection process. The study recommended that the management of the Company need to effectively design the most effective evaluation criteria that would facilitate its procurement performance that ensured only most competent suppliers are selected and competent personnel are in place to manage supply chain processes in the organizations.
Performance Analysis of Digital Watermarking Of Video in the Spatial Domainpaperpublications3
Abstract:In this paper, we have suggested the spatial domain method for the digital video watermarking for both visible and invisible watermarks. The methods are used for the copyright protection as well as proof of ownership. In this paper we first extracted the frames from the video and then used spatial domain characteristics of the frames where we directly worked on the pixel value of the frame according to the watermark and calculated different parameters.
Abstract:Electricity is the world's fastest-growing form of end-use energy consumption. Net electricity generation worldwide will rise by 2.3 percent per year on average till 2035. Renewables are the fastest growing source of new electricity generation. Indian Solar PV Market enjoys its Place in the solar applications following the Infusion of tracking requirements. This paper focuses on the comparative study of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques. It has been analysed with different MPPT methods following the same goal of maximizing the PV system output power by tracking the maximum power on every operating condition. In this paper maximum power point tracking techniques are reviewed on basis of simplicity, convergence speed, digital or analogical implementation, sensors required, cost, range of effectiveness, and in other aspects.
FLOWER POLLINATION ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER DISPATCH PROBLEMpaperpublications3
Abstract: This paper proposes a Flower Pollination Algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem. Minimization of real power loss and enhancement voltage stability index margin is taken as objective. Flower pollination algorithm is a new nature-inspired algorithm, based on the characteristics of flowering plants. The simulation results demonstrate better performance of the FPA in solving an optimal reactive power dispatch problem. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system and compared to other algorithms. Simulation results show that FPA is better than other algorithms in reducing the real power loss and enhancing the voltage stability.
FLOWER POLLINATION ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER DISPATCH PRO...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper proposes a Flower Pollination Algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem. Minimization of real power loss and enhancement voltage stability index margin is taken as objective. Flower pollination algorithm is a new nature-inspired algorithm, based on the characteristics of flowering plants. The simulation results demonstrate better performance of the FPA in solving an optimal reactive power dispatch problem. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system and compared to other algorithms. Simulation results show that FPA is better than other algorithms in reducing the real power loss and enhancing the voltage stability.
Keywords: flower algorithm, optimization, metaheuristics, optimal reactive power, Transmission loss.
Passerine swarm optimization algorithm for solving optimal reactive power dis...IJAAS Team
This paper presents Passerine Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSOA) for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem. This algorithm is based on behaviour of social communications of Passerine bird. Basically, Passerine bird has three common behaviours: search behaviour, adherence behaviour and expedition behaviour. Through the shared communications Passerine bird will search for the food and also run away from hunters. By using the Passerine bird communications and behaviour, five basic rules have been created in the PSOA approach to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch problem. Key aspect is to reduce the real power loss and also to keep the variables within the limits. Proposed Passerine Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSOA) has been tested in standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulations results reveal about the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss and enhancing the static voltage stability margin.
Wolf Search Algorithm for Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problemijeei-iaes
This paper presents a new bio-inspired heuristic optimization algorithm called the Wolf Search Algorithm (WSA) for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem. Wolf Search algorithm is a new bio – inspired heuristic algorithm which based on wolf preying behaviour. The way wolves search for food and survive by avoiding their enemies has been imitated to formulate the algorithm for solving the reactive power dispatches. And the speciality of wolf is possessing both individual local searching ability and autonomous flocking movement and this special property has been utilized to formulate the search algorithm .The proposed (WSA) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results shows clearly about the good performance of the proposed algorithm .
Improved Spider Algorithm for Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problempaperpublications3
Abstract: In this paperimproved spider algorithm (ISA) is projected to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) Problem. Stimulated by the societal spiders, we suggest a new Improved Spider Algorithm (ISA) to solve ORPD problem. The structure is chiefly based on the foraging approach of social spiders, which make use of the vibrations spread over the spider web to decide the position of preys. The simulation results demonstrate high-quality performance of ISA in solving an optimal reactive power dispatch problem. The projected algorithm has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system and compared to other specified algorithms. Results show that ISA is more efficient than other algorithms to reduce the real power loss and to enhance the voltage profile index.
Improved Spider Algorithm for Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problempaperpublications3
Abstract: In this paperimproved spider algorithm (ISA) is projected to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) Problem. Stimulated by the societal spiders, we suggest a new Improved Spider Algorithm (ISA) to solve ORPD problem. The structure is chiefly based on the foraging approach of social spiders, which make use of the vibrations spread over the spider web to decide the position of preys. The simulation results demonstrate high-quality performance of ISA in solving an optimal reactive power dispatch problem. The projected algorithm has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system and compared to other specified algorithms. Results show that ISA is more efficient than other algorithms to reduce the real power loss and to enhance the voltage profile index.
Keywords: spider algorithm, swarm intelligence, evolutionary computation, optimal reactive power, Transmission loss.
Firefly Algorithm based Optimal Reactive Power Flowijceronline
The optimal reactive power flow (ORPF) helps to effectively utilize the existing reactive power sources for minimizing the network loss. Firefly Algorithm (FA), inspired by social flashing behavior of fireflies, is one of the evolutionary computing models for solving multimodal optimization problems. This paper attempts to obtain global best solution of ORPF using FA. The results of IEEE 57 bus system are presented to demonstrate its performance.
Abstract:Reactive Power Optimization is a complex combinatorial optimization problem involving non-linear function having multiple local minima, non-linear and discontinuous constrains. This paper presents PS2O, which extends the dynamics of the canonical PSO algorithm by adding a significant ingredient that takes into account the symbiotic co evolution between species, Hybrid Evolutionary-Conventional Algorithm (HECA) that uses the abilities of evolutionary and conventional algorithm and Genetical Swarm Optimization (GSO), combines Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).All the above said algorithms is used to overcome the Problem of premature convergence. PS2O, HECA , GSO is applied to Reactive Power Optimization problem and is evaluated on standard IEEE 57, practical 191 test Bus Systems. The results shows that all the three algorithms perform well in solving the reactive power problem and prevent premature convergence to high degree but still keep a rapid convergence. Of all the three PS2O has the edge in reducing the real power loss when compared to HECA & GSO.
Keywords:PS2O, Hybrid Evolutionary-Conventional Algorithm, Genetical Swarm Optimization, Reactive Power Optimization.
Comparative study of methods for optimal reactive power dispatchelelijjournal
Reactive power dispatch plays a main role in order to provide good facility secure and economic operation
in the power system. In a power system optimal reactive power dispatch is supported to improve the voltage
profile, to reduce losses, to improve voltage stability, to reduce cost etc. This paper presents a brief literature survey of reactive power dispatch and also discusses a comparative study of conventional and evolutionary computation techniques applied for reactive power dispatch. The paper is useful for researchers for further research and study so that it can apply in the various areas of power system
Combination of Immune Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm with BP a...paperpublications3
Abstract:In this paper, merging Immune Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (IGPSO) with BP algorithm to optimize BP Neural Network parameter i.e., BPIGPSO amalgamation to solve optimal reactive power dispatch algorithm. The basic perception is that first training BP neural network with IGPSO to find out a comparatively optimal solution, then take the network parameter at this time as the preliminary parameter of BP algorithm to carry out the training, finally searching the optimal solution. The proposed BPIGPSO has been tested on standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results show clearly the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
Keywords:BP neural network, Immune Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, Optimal Reactive Power, Transmission loss.
Optimal design of CMOS current mode instrumentation amplifier using bio-inspi...nooriasukmaningtyas
Analog integrated circuits for biomedical applications require good performance. This paper presents an instrumentation amplifier (IA) design based on three complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) conveyors with an active resistor. This circuit offers the possibility to control the gain by voltage and current. We have designed the IA to minimize the parasitic resistance (Rx) with large bandwidth and high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) using the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC). The topology is simulated using 0.35µm CMOS technology parameters. The optimization problem is represented by an objective function that will be implemented using MATLAB script. The results were approved by the simulation using the advanced design system (ADS) tool. The simulation results were compared to the characteristics of some other instrumentation amplifiers exsisting in the literature. The circuit has a higher CMRR than other topologies.
Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch using Crow Search Algorithm IJECEIAES
The optimal reactive power dispatch is a kind of optimization problem that plays a very important role in the operation and control of the power system. This work presents a meta-heuristic based approach to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch problem. The proposed approach employs Crow Search algorithm to find the values for optimal setting of optimal reactive power dispatch control variables. The proposed way of approach is scrutinized and further being tested on the standard IEEE 30-bus, 57-bus and 118-bus test system with different objectives which includes the minimization of real power losses, total voltage deviation and also the enhancement of voltage stability. The simulation results procured thus indicates the supremacy of the proposed approach over the other approaches cited in the literature.
Electric distribution network reconfiguration for power loss reduction based ...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a method for solving the distribution network reconfiguration (NR) problem based on runner root algorithm (RRA) for reducing active power loss. The RRA is a recent developed metaheuristic algorithm inspired from runners and roots of plants to search water and minerals. RRA is equipped with four tools for searching the optimal solution. In which, the random jumps and the restart of population are used for exploring and the elite selection and random jumps around the current best solution are used for exploiting. The effectiveness of the RRA is evaluated on the 16 and 69-node system. The obtained results are compared with particle swarm optimization and other methods. The numerical results show that the RRA is the potential method for the NR problem.
Optimal power flow solution with current injection model of generalized inte...IJECEIAES
Optimal power flow (OPF) solutions with generalized interline power flow controller (GIPFC) devices play an imperative role in enhancing the power system’s performance. This paper used a novel ant lion optimization (ALO) algorithm which is amalgamated with Lévy flight operator, and an effectual algorithm is proposed named as, ameliorated ant lion optimization (AALO) algorithm. It is being implemented to solve single objective OPF problem with the latest flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) controller named as GIPFC. GIPFC can control a couple of transmission lines concurrently and it also helps to control the sending end voltage. In this paper, current injection modeling of GIPFC is being incorporated in conventional Newton-Raphson (NR) load flow to improve voltage of the buses and focuses on minimizing the considered objectives such as generation fuel cost, emissions, and total power losses by fulfilling equality, in-equality. For optimal allocation of GIPFC, a novel Lehmann-SymanzikZimmermann (LSZ) approach is considered. The proposed algorithm is validated on single benchmark test functions such as Sphere, Rastrigin function then the proposed algorithm with GIPFC has been testified on standard IEEE-30 bus system.
This paper focuses on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is a nonlinear optimization problem. is proposed to find the optimal power flow (OPF). To solve this problem, we will apply the ABC algorithm to a power system incorporating wind power. The proposed approach is applied on a standard IEEE-30 system with wind farms located on different buses and with different penetration levels to show the impact of wind farms on the system in order to obtain the optimal settings of control variables of the OPF problem. Based on technical results obtained, the ABC algorithm is shown to achieve a lower cost and losses than the other methods applied, while incorporating wind power into the system, high performance would be gained.
Similar to Dwindling of real power loss by using Improved Bees Algorithm (20)
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Dwindling of real power loss by using Improved Bees Algorithm
1. International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (34-42), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 34
Paper Publications
Dwindling of real power loss by using Improved
Bees Algorithm
K. Lenin, B. Ravindranath Reddy, and M. Surya Kalavathi
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, India
Abstract: In this paper, a new Improved Bees Algorithm (IBA) is proposed for solving reactive power dispatch
problem. The aim of this paper is to utilize an optimization algorithm called the improved Bees Algorithm,
inspired from the natural foraging behaviour of honey bees, to solve the reactive power dispatch problem. The
IBA algorithm executes both an exploitative neighbourhood search combined with arbitrary explorative search.
The proposed Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (IBA) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 57
bus test system and simulation results show clearly the high-quality performance of the projected algorithm in
reducing the real power loss.
Keywords: Optimal Reactive Power, Transmission loss, honey bee, foraging behaviour, waggle dance, bee’s
algorithm, swarm intelligence, swarm-based optimization, adaptive neighbourhood search, site abandonment,
random search
I. INTRODUCTION
Optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem is to minimize the real power loss and bus voltage deviation. Various
mathematical techniques like the gradient method [1-2], Newton method [3] and linear programming [4-7] have been
adopted to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch problem. Both the gradient and Newton methods have the
complexity in managing inequality constraints. If linear programming is applied then the input- output function has to be
uttered as a set of linear functions which mostly lead to loss of accuracy. The problem of voltage stability and collapse
play a major role in power system planning and operation [8]. Global optimization has received extensive research
awareness, and a great number of methods have been applied to solve this problem. Evolutionary algorithms such as
genetic algorithm have been already proposed to solve the reactive power flow problem [9, 10]. Evolutionary algorithm
is a heuristic approach used for minimization problems by utilizing nonlinear and non-differentiable continuous space
functions. In [11], Genetic algorithm has been used to solve optimal reactive power flow problem. In [12], Hybrid
differential evolution algorithm is proposed to improve the voltage stability index. In [13] Biogeography Based algorithm
is projected to solve the reactive power dispatch problem. In [14], a fuzzy based method is used to solve the optimal
reactive power scheduling method. In [15], an improved evolutionary programming is used to solve the optimal reactive
power dispatch problem. In [16], the optimal reactive power flow problem is solved by integrating a genetic algorithm
with a nonlinear interior point method. In [17], a pattern algorithm is used to solve ac-dc optimal reactive power flow
model with the generator capability limits. In [18], F. Capitanescu proposes a two-step approach to evaluate Reactive
power reserves with respect to operating constraints and voltage stability. In [19], a programming based approach is used
to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch problem. In [20], A. Kargarian et al present a probabilistic algorithm for
optimal reactive power provision in hybrid electricity markets with uncertain loads. This paper proposes a new Improved
Bees Algorithm (IBA) to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch problem. The aim of this paper is to solve optimal
reactive power problem by utilizing Bees Algorithm, introduced by Pham [21], inspired from the natural foraging
behaviour of honey bees. The IBA algorithm performs both an exploitative neighbourhood search combined with
arbitrary explorative search. The proposed algorithm IBA has been evaluated in standard IEEE 57 bus test system and
the simulation results show that our proposed approach outperforms all the entitled reported algorithms in minimization
of real power loss.
2. International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp: (34-42), Month: April - June 2014, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
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Paper Publications
II. PROBLEM FORMULATION
The optimal power flow problem is treated as a general minimization problem with constraints, and can be
mathematically written in the following form:
Minimize f(x, u) (1)
subject to g(x,u)=0 (2)
and
h(x, u) ≤ 0 (3)
where f(x,u) is the objective function. g(x.u) and h(x,u) are respectively the set of equality and inequality constraints. x is
the vector of state variables, and u is the vector of control variables.
The state variables are the load buses (PQ buses) voltages, angles, the generator reactive powers and the slack active
generator power:
x = Pg1, θ2, . . , θN, VL1, . , VLNL , Qg1, . . , Qgng
T
(4)
The control variables are the generator bus voltages, the shunt capacitors/reactors and the transformers tap-settings:
u = Vg, T, Qc
T
(5)
or
u = Vg1, … , Vgng , T1, . . , TNt , Qc1, . . , QcNc
T
(6)
Where ng, nt and nc are the number of generators, number of tap transformers and the number of shunt compensators
respectively.
III. OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
A. Active power loss
The objective of the reactive power dispatch is to minimize the active power loss in the transmission network, which can
be described as follows:
𝐹 = 𝑃𝐿 = 𝑔 𝑘𝑘∈𝑁𝑏𝑟 𝑉𝑖
2
+ 𝑉𝑗
2
− 2𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑗 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑖𝑗 (7)
Or
𝐹 = 𝑃𝐿 = 𝑃𝑔𝑖 − 𝑃𝑑 = 𝑃𝑔𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 + 𝑃𝑔𝑖 − 𝑃𝑑
𝑁𝑔
𝑖≠𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑖∈𝑁𝑔 (8)
where gk : is the conductance of branch between nodes i and j, Nbr: is the total number of transmission lines in power
systems. Pd: is the total active power demand, Pgi: is the generator active power of unit i, and Pgsalck: is the generator
active power of slack bus.
B. Voltage profile improvement
For minimizing the voltage deviation in PQ buses, the objective function becomes:
𝐹 = 𝑃𝐿 + 𝜔 𝑣 × 𝑉𝐷 (9)
where ωv: is a weighting factor of voltage deviation.
VD is the voltage deviation given by:
3. International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
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Paper Publications
𝑉𝐷 = 𝑉𝑖 − 1
𝑁𝑝𝑞
𝑖=1 (10)
C. Equality Constraint
The equality constraint g(x,u) of the ORPD problem is represented by the power balance equation, where the total power
generation must cover the total power demand and the power losses:
𝑃𝐺 = 𝑃𝐷 + 𝑃𝐿 (11)
This equation is solved by running Newton Raphson load flow method, by calculating the active power of slack bus to
determine active power loss.
D. Inequality Constraints
The inequality constraints h(x,u) reflect the limits on components in the power system as well as the limits created to
ensure system security. Upper and lower bounds on the active power of slack bus, and reactive power of generators:
𝑃𝑔𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘
𝑚𝑖𝑛
≤ 𝑃𝑔𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 ≤ 𝑃𝑔𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘
𝑚𝑎𝑥
(12)
𝑄 𝑔𝑖
𝑚𝑖𝑛
≤ 𝑄 𝑔𝑖 ≤ 𝑄 𝑔𝑖
𝑚𝑎𝑥
, 𝑖 ∈ 𝑁𝑔 (13)
Upper and lower bounds on the bus voltage magnitudes:
𝑉𝑖
𝑚𝑖𝑛
≤ 𝑉𝑖 ≤ 𝑉𝑖
𝑚𝑎𝑥
, 𝑖 ∈ 𝑁 (14)
Upper and lower bounds on the transformers tap ratios:
𝑇𝑖
𝑚𝑖𝑛
≤ 𝑇𝑖 ≤ 𝑇𝑖
𝑚𝑎𝑥
, 𝑖 ∈ 𝑁 𝑇 (15)
Upper and lower bounds on the compensators reactive powers:
𝑄𝑐
𝑚𝑖𝑛
≤ 𝑄𝑐 ≤ 𝑄 𝐶
𝑚𝑎𝑥
, 𝑖 ∈ 𝑁𝐶 (16)
Where N is the total number of buses, NT is the total number of Transformers; Nc is the total number of shunt reactive
compensators.
IV. BEHAVIOUR OF HONEY BEES
A colony of honey bees can exploit a huge number of food sources in big fields and they can fly up to 12 km to exploit
food sources [22, 23]. The colony utilize about one-quarter of its members as searcher bees. The foraging process begins
with searching out hopeful flower patches by scout bees. The colony keeps a proportion of the scout bees during the
harvesting season. When the scout bees have found a flower area, they will look further in hope of finding an even
superior one [23]. The scout bees search for the better patches randomly [24]. The scout bees notify their peers waiting in
the hive about the eminence of the food source, based amongst other things, on sugar levels. The scout bees dump their
nectar and go to the dance floor in front of the hive to converse to the other bees by performing their dance, known as the
waggle dance [22]. The waggle dance is named based on the wagging run, which is used by the scout bees to
communicate information about the food source to the rest of the colony. The scout bees present the following
information by means of the waggle dance: the quality of the food source, the distance of the source from the hive and
the direction of the source [23- 25]. Figure 1a,b [25]. The scout then circles back, alternating a left and a right return path
. The speed/duration of the dance indicates the distance to the food source; the frequency of the waggles in the dance and
buzzing convey the quality of the source; see Figure 1c [25]. This information will influence the number of follower
bees.
4. International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
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Paper Publications
Fig1. (a) Orientation of waggle dance with respect to the sun; (b) Orientation of waggle dance with respect to the food source, hive
and sun; (c) The Waggle Dance and followers.
Fundamental parameters of the Bees Algorithm:
Quantity of scout bees in the selected patches - n
Quantity of best patches in the selected patches - m
Quantity of elite patches in the selected best patches- e
Quantity of recruited bees in the elite patches -nep
Quantity of recruited bees in the non-elite best patches- nsp
The size of neighbourhood for each patch - ngh
Quantity of iterations- Maxiter
Variation between value of the first and last iterations- diff
Bees Algorithm:
Create the initial population size as n, m, e, nep, set nsp, ngh, MaxIter, and set the error limit as Error.
i = 0
Generate preliminary population.
Calculate Fitness Value of initial population.
Arrange the initial population based on the fitness result.
While 𝑖 ≤ 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑖 − 𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑖−1 ≤ 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
i. i = i + l;
ii. Choose the elite patches and non-elite best patches for neighbourhood search.
iii. Engage the forager bees to the elite patches and non-elite best patches.
iv. Calculate the fitness value of each patch.
v. Arrange the results based on their fitness.
vi. Distribute the rest of the bees for global search to the non-best locations.
vii. Calculate the fitness value of non-best patches.
viii. Arrange the overall results based on their fitness.
x. Run the algorithm until stop criteria met.
End
5. International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
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Paper Publications
V. IMPROVED BEES ALGORITHM BY ADAPTIVE NEIGHBOURHOOD SEARCH AND
SITE ABANDONMENT STRATEGY
This segment explains the proposed improvements to the bee‟s algorithm (BA) by applying adaptive transform to the
neighbourhood size and site abandonment approach simultaneously. Collective neighbourhood size change and site
abandonment (NSSA) approach has been attempted on the BA by Koc [26] who found that the convergence rate of a
NSSA-based BA can be sluggish, when the promising locations are far from the current best sites. Here an adaptive
neighbourhood size change and site abandonment (ANSSA) approach is proposed which will keep away from local
minima by changing the neighbourhood size adaptively. The ANSSA-based BA possesses both shrinking and
augmentation strategies according to the fitness evaluation. The primary move is to implement the shrinking approach.
This approach works on a best site after a definite number of repetitions. The approach works until the repetition stops.
If, in spite of the shrinking approach, the number of repetitions still increases for a definite number of iterations, then an
augmentation approach is utilized. Finally, if the number of repetitions still increases for a number of iterations after the
use of the augmentation approach, then that site is abandoned and a new site will be generated. Koc [26] utilized the
following parameter for shrinking the neighbourhood size and site abandonment approach: neighbourhood size = ngh,
the shrinking constant = sc, the abandoned sites = aband_site. In this study four more parameters are introduced. The first
is the number of repetitions for each site, denoted as keep_point. The keep_point records the number of repetitions for all
the repetitive results for best sites. The second parameter is called the “Repetition Number for the shrinking” is denoted
as rep_nshr; the number of shrinking is the number of repetitions necessary to start the shrinking strategy, as given in
Equations (17) and (18). The parameter is the “Repetition Number for the enhancement” is denoted as rep_nenh. This
parameter defines the number of repetitions until the end of the shrinking process, and the beginning of the enhancement
process as shown in Equations (17) and (19) [27,28]. The enhancement process works until the number of the repetitions
is equal to the rep_naban, which denotes the “Repetition Number for the abandonment process”. Hence a non-productive
site is abandoned and it is stored in aband_site list. If there is no better solution than the abandoned site at the end of the
searching process, this is the final solution.
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑛𝑔 =
𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ≤ 𝑟𝑒𝑝 𝑛𝑠 𝑟 𝑛𝑔
𝑟𝑒𝑝 𝑛𝑠 𝑟 < 𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ≤ 𝑟𝑒𝑝 𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑅1
𝑟𝑒𝑝 𝑛𝑒𝑛 < 𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ≤ 𝑟𝑒𝑝 𝑛𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑛 𝑅2
𝑟𝑒𝑝 𝑛𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑛 < 𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑛𝑔
(17)
𝑅1 = 𝑛𝑔 − 𝑛𝑔 ∗
𝑘𝑒𝑒 𝑝 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 −𝑟𝑒𝑝 _𝑛𝑠 𝑟
100
∗ 𝑠𝑐 (18)
𝑅2 = 𝑛𝑔 + 𝑛𝑔 ∗
𝑘𝑒𝑒 𝑝 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 −𝑟𝑒𝑝 _𝑛𝑒𝑛
100
∗ 𝑠𝑐 (19)
VI. SIMULATION RESULTS
The proposed Improved Bees Algorithm (IBA) algorithm for solving ORPD problem is tested for standard IEEE-57 bus
power system. The IEEE 57-bus system data consists of 80 branches, seven generator-buses and 17 branches under load
tap setting transformer branches. The possible reactive power compensation buses are 18, 25 and 53. Bus 2, 3, 6, 8, 9 and
12 are PV buses and bus 1 is selected as slack-bus. In this case, the search space has 27 dimensions, i.e., the seven
generator voltages, 17 transformer taps, and three capacitor banks. The system variable limits are given in Table I. The
initial conditions for the IEEE-57 bus power system are given as follows:
Pload = 12.310 p.u. Qload = 3.322 p.u.
The total initial generations and power losses are obtained as follows:
𝑃𝐺 = 12.7634 p.u. 𝑄 𝐺 = 3.4468 p.u.
Ploss = 0.27351 p.u. Qloss = -1.2248 p.u.
6. International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
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Paper Publications
Table II shows the various system control variables i.e. generator bus voltages, shunt capacitances and transformer tap
settings obtained after IBA based optimization which are within their acceptable limits. In Table III, a comparison of
optimum results obtained from proposed IBA with other optimization techniques for ORPD mentioned in literature for
IEEE-57 bus power system is given. These results indicate the robustness of proposed IBA approach for providing better
optimal solution in case of IEEE-57 bus system.
TABLE I: VARIABLES LIMITS FOR IEEE-57 BUS POWER SYSTEM (P.U.)
REACTIVE POWER GENERATION LIMITS
BUS NO 1 2 3 6 8 9 12
QGMIN -1.2 -.014 -.02 -0.06 -1.2 -0.03 -0.3
QGMAX 2 0.4 0.5 0.24 2 0.08 1.54
VOLTAGE AND TAP SETTING LIMITS
VGMIN VGMAX VPQMIN VPQMAX TKMIN TKMAX
0.7 1.3 0.95 1.06 0.7 1.3
SHUNT CAPACITOR LIMITS
BUS NO 18 25 53
QCMIN 0 0 0
QCMAX 10 5.3 6.5
TABLE II: CONTROL VARIABLES OBTAINED AFTER OPTIMIZATION BY IBA METHOD FOR IEEE-57 BUS SYSTEM (P.U.)
Control
Variables
IBA
V1 1.2
V2 1.084
V3 1.073
V6 1.051
V8 1.074
V9 1.052
V12 1.061
Qc18 0.0843
Qc25 0.333
Qc53 0.0628
T4-18 1.016
T21-20 1.072
T24-25 0.973
T24-26 0.945
T7-29 1.092
T34-32 0.957
T11-41 1.015
T15-45 1.074
T14-46 0.943
T10-51 1.055
T13-49 1.075
T11-43 0.921
T40-56 0.911
T39-57 0.973
T9-55 0.985
7. International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
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Paper Publications
TABLE III: COMPARATIVE OPTIMIZATION RESULTS FOR IEEE-57 BUS POWER SYSTEM (P.U.)
S.No. Optimization
Algorithm
Best Solution Worst Solution Average
Solution
1 NLP [29] 0.25902 0.30854 0.27858
2 CGA [29] 0.25244 0.27507 0.26293
3 AGA [29] 0.24564 0.26671 0.25127
4 PSO-w [29] 0.24270 0.26152 0.24725
5 PSO-cf [29] 0.24280 0.26032 0.24698
6 CLPSO [29] 0.24515 0.24780 0.24673
7 SPSO-07 [29] 0.24430 0.25457 0.24752
8 L-DE [29] 0.27812 0.41909 0.33177
9 L-SACP-DE [29] 0.27915 0.36978 0.31032
10 L-SaDE [29] 0.24267 0.24391 0.24311
11 SOA [29] 0.24265 0.24280 0.24270
12 LM [30] 0.2484 0.2922 0.2641
13 MBEP1 [30] 0.2474 0.2848 0.2643
14 MBEP2 [30] 0.2482 0.283 0.2592
15 BES100 [30] 0.2438 0.263 0.2541
16 BES200 [30] 0.3417 0.2486 0.2443
17 Proposed IBA 0.22359 0.23492 0.23121
VII. CONCLUSION
IBA has been fruitfully applied for ORPD problem. The IBA based ORPD is tested in standard IEEE-57 bus system.
Performance comparisons with well-known population-based algorithms give cheering results. IBA emerges to find good
solutions when compared to that of other algorithms. The simulation results presented in previous section prove the
ability of IBA approach to arrive at near global optimal solution.
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Author Biography:
K. Lenin has received his B.E., Degree, electrical and electronics engineering in 1999 from
university of madras, Chennai, India and M.E., Degree in power systems in 2000 from Annamalai
University, Tamil Nadu, India. At present pursuing Ph.D., degree at JNTU, Hyderabad, India.
Bhumanapally. RavindhranathReddy, Born on 3rd September,1969. Got his B.Tech in Electrical &
Electronics Engineering from the J.N.T.U. College of Engg., Anantapur in the year 1991. Completed
his M.Tech in Energy Systems in IPGSR of J.N.T.University Hyderabad in the year 1997. Obtained
his doctoral degree from JNTUA,Anantapur University in the field of Electrical Power Systems.
Published 12 Research Papers and presently guiding 6 Ph.D. Scholars. He was specialized in Power
Systems, High Voltage Engineering and Control Systems. His research interests include Simulation
studies on Transients of different power system equipment.
M. Surya Kalavathi has received her B.Tech. Electrical and Electronics Engineering from SVU,
Andhra Pradesh, India and M.Tech, power system operation and control from SVU, Andhra Pradesh,
India. she received her Phd. Degree from JNTU, hyderabad and Post doc. From CMU – USA.
Currently she is Professor and Head of the electrical and electronics engineering department in
JNTU, Hyderabad, India and she has Published 16 Research Papers and presently guiding 5 Ph.D.
Scholars. She has specialised in Power Systems, High Voltage Engineering and Control Systems.
Her research interests include Simulation studies on Transients of different power system equipment. She has 18 years
of experience. She has invited for various lectures in institutes.