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DURABILITY FOR CARBON FIBER
REINFORCED POLYMERS ON
TIMBER STRUCTURES
Jason Bercot
WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES
• Identify the key parameters affecting bond characteristics between
CFRP-Timber systems
• Identify a quality anchorage system for CFRP-Timber strengthening
• Examine the effects of environmental conditions on the durability of
the systems
• Develop a new theory, based on the findings from the above topics
for strengthening timber structures by smart CFRP retrofitting
BACKGROUND
Timber is a remarkable building material, it is a
renewable material, and it is a biodegradable
material.
Ageing timber structures need to be looked
after, repaired, upgraded, or torn down if
neglected.
This causes economic and social loss due to the
cost and inconvenience of replacing structures.
WHAT EFFECTS ARE THERE
ECONOMIC
• Timber energy cost is 2,300% less
than that of steel on the global scale
• CFRP is stronger by weight than
steel, saving material
SOCIAL
• Safety of Heritage structures
• Temporary inconvenience during
retrofitting
• Timber-CFRP systems are versatile &
easy to retrofit
AT PRESENT
• Australia, 8 story timber framed
structures now permitted
• USA, 12 story timber framed
structures
• Sweden, 34 story timber
framed structure
• Used to be only 3 story
• Higher structures means
increased loading
• Bonding CFRP to timber
beams means less timber is
needed
HOW SHOULD WE
PURSUE THIS
• Test Program A
• Moisture
• Temperature
• Ultra-violet Exposure
• Chemical
• Humidity
Moisture
• Cold Immersion
• Hot Immersion
Temperature
• Increasing range of
temperatures
UV Exposure
• C.E. Machines for long
durations
Chemical
• Sodium Chloride
• Calcium Carbonate
Humidity
• Increasing range of
humidity & Temperature
HOW SHOULD
WE PERUSE
THIS SDMA
• Sandwich Discontinuous
Mechanical Anchorage
DMA
• Discontinuous
Mechanical Anchorage
• Test Program B
• Anchoring
• SDMA
• DMA
TESTING
SPECIES
Monterey Pine
Spotted Gum
Merbau
Turpentine
Laminated Veneer
Lumber
Chosen for their Bush Fire Rating,
Size Availability, Frequency of use in
construction, & Strength
TESTING SPECIMENS
CFRP SHEETS ON SQUARE
TIMBER BEAM
CFRP PLATES ON SQUARE
TIMBER BEAM WITH LAP
JOINT
MOISTURE
WITH
TEMPERATUR
E VARIATIONS
Number of Specimens for each
Test
Treatment Climate Treatment Specifications
10 1 Standard Climate 7 days, 20°C, 65% humidity.
10 2 Immersion in cold water
7 days, 20°C, 70% humidity.
4 days in water 5°C.
10 3 Immersion in cold water
7 days, 20°C, 70% humidity.
4 days in water 5°C.
4 days condition at 20°C.
10 4
Immersion in boiling
water
7 days, 20°C, 70% humidity.
12 hrs in water 100°C.
2 hrs in water 15°C.
10 5
Immersion in boiling
water
7 days, 20°C, 70% humidity.
12 hrs in water 100°C.
2 hrs in water 15°C.
4 days conditioned at 20°C.
RANGE OF
TEMPERATUR
E
Number of
Specimens
Treatment Temperature Duration
5 6 Ambient 24, 168, 672 hrs
5 7 0°C 24, 168, 672 hrs
5 8 20°C 24, 168, 672 hrs
5 9 40°C 24, 168, 672 hrs
5 10 60°C 24, 168, 672 hrs
UV EXPOSURE
FOR VARYING
TIME FRAMES
Number of Specimens Treatment Exposure Duration
5 11 295 – 365 nm 6 months
5 12 295 – 365 nm 12 months
5 13 295 – 365 nm 18 months
CHEMICAL
SOLUTIONS
Number of
Specimens
Treatment Duration Solution
5 14
744, 4380,
8760 hrs
H2O
5 15
744, 4380,
8760 hrs
3.5% NaCl &
H2O
5 16
744, 4380,
8760 hrs
CaCo3 & H2O
HUMIDITY
WITH
TEMPERATUR
E
Number of
Specimens
Treatment Duration Cycles Temperature Humidity
10 6 168 5 -15°C to 10°C 10%
10 7 336 5 -15°C to 10°C 10%
10 8 168 5 -15°C to 10°C 50%
10 9 336 5 -15°C to 10°C 50%
10 10 168 5 -15°C to 10°C 95%
10 11 336 5 -15°C to 10°C 95%
10 12 168 5 60°C to 20°C 10%
10 13 336 5 60°C to 20°C 10%
10 14 168 5 60°C to 20°C 50%
10 15 336 5 60°C to 20°C 50%
10 16 168 5 60°C to 20°C 95%
10 17 336 5 60°C to 20°C 95%
ANCHORING
Sandwich Discontinuous
Mechanical Anchorage
Discontinuous Mechanical
Anchorage
TESTING
• Failure Testing
• Shear
• Bending
• Observing Debonding of CFRP timber interface
IMPACT & OUTCOME
• Benefit on a national level
• Increase world data on CFRP-
retrofitting
• Increased behavioural
knowledge
• Low cost
• Non-Invasive procedure
• Beneficial for steel & concrete
CONCLUSION
By looking into commonly used Australian timber, as well as
experimentation under what would be standard operational settings
for any timber structure that has been or would be built in the
future.
Completion of this research will help identify the key parameters
affecting bond characteristics between CFRP-Timber Systems,
identify a good quality anchorage system for timber-CFRP
strengthening system, examine the effects of environmental
conditions on the durability of the system, and develop a new
theory, based on above findings for strengthening of timber
structure by smart CFRP retrofitting.

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Durability for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers on Timber Structures

  • 1. DURABILITY FOR CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS ON TIMBER STRUCTURES Jason Bercot
  • 2. WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES • Identify the key parameters affecting bond characteristics between CFRP-Timber systems • Identify a quality anchorage system for CFRP-Timber strengthening • Examine the effects of environmental conditions on the durability of the systems • Develop a new theory, based on the findings from the above topics for strengthening timber structures by smart CFRP retrofitting
  • 3. BACKGROUND Timber is a remarkable building material, it is a renewable material, and it is a biodegradable material. Ageing timber structures need to be looked after, repaired, upgraded, or torn down if neglected. This causes economic and social loss due to the cost and inconvenience of replacing structures.
  • 4. WHAT EFFECTS ARE THERE ECONOMIC • Timber energy cost is 2,300% less than that of steel on the global scale • CFRP is stronger by weight than steel, saving material SOCIAL • Safety of Heritage structures • Temporary inconvenience during retrofitting • Timber-CFRP systems are versatile & easy to retrofit
  • 5. AT PRESENT • Australia, 8 story timber framed structures now permitted • USA, 12 story timber framed structures • Sweden, 34 story timber framed structure • Used to be only 3 story • Higher structures means increased loading • Bonding CFRP to timber beams means less timber is needed
  • 6. HOW SHOULD WE PURSUE THIS • Test Program A • Moisture • Temperature • Ultra-violet Exposure • Chemical • Humidity Moisture • Cold Immersion • Hot Immersion Temperature • Increasing range of temperatures UV Exposure • C.E. Machines for long durations Chemical • Sodium Chloride • Calcium Carbonate Humidity • Increasing range of humidity & Temperature
  • 7. HOW SHOULD WE PERUSE THIS SDMA • Sandwich Discontinuous Mechanical Anchorage DMA • Discontinuous Mechanical Anchorage • Test Program B • Anchoring • SDMA • DMA
  • 8. TESTING SPECIES Monterey Pine Spotted Gum Merbau Turpentine Laminated Veneer Lumber Chosen for their Bush Fire Rating, Size Availability, Frequency of use in construction, & Strength
  • 9. TESTING SPECIMENS CFRP SHEETS ON SQUARE TIMBER BEAM CFRP PLATES ON SQUARE TIMBER BEAM WITH LAP JOINT
  • 10. MOISTURE WITH TEMPERATUR E VARIATIONS Number of Specimens for each Test Treatment Climate Treatment Specifications 10 1 Standard Climate 7 days, 20°C, 65% humidity. 10 2 Immersion in cold water 7 days, 20°C, 70% humidity. 4 days in water 5°C. 10 3 Immersion in cold water 7 days, 20°C, 70% humidity. 4 days in water 5°C. 4 days condition at 20°C. 10 4 Immersion in boiling water 7 days, 20°C, 70% humidity. 12 hrs in water 100°C. 2 hrs in water 15°C. 10 5 Immersion in boiling water 7 days, 20°C, 70% humidity. 12 hrs in water 100°C. 2 hrs in water 15°C. 4 days conditioned at 20°C.
  • 11. RANGE OF TEMPERATUR E Number of Specimens Treatment Temperature Duration 5 6 Ambient 24, 168, 672 hrs 5 7 0°C 24, 168, 672 hrs 5 8 20°C 24, 168, 672 hrs 5 9 40°C 24, 168, 672 hrs 5 10 60°C 24, 168, 672 hrs
  • 12. UV EXPOSURE FOR VARYING TIME FRAMES Number of Specimens Treatment Exposure Duration 5 11 295 – 365 nm 6 months 5 12 295 – 365 nm 12 months 5 13 295 – 365 nm 18 months
  • 13. CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS Number of Specimens Treatment Duration Solution 5 14 744, 4380, 8760 hrs H2O 5 15 744, 4380, 8760 hrs 3.5% NaCl & H2O 5 16 744, 4380, 8760 hrs CaCo3 & H2O
  • 14. HUMIDITY WITH TEMPERATUR E Number of Specimens Treatment Duration Cycles Temperature Humidity 10 6 168 5 -15°C to 10°C 10% 10 7 336 5 -15°C to 10°C 10% 10 8 168 5 -15°C to 10°C 50% 10 9 336 5 -15°C to 10°C 50% 10 10 168 5 -15°C to 10°C 95% 10 11 336 5 -15°C to 10°C 95% 10 12 168 5 60°C to 20°C 10% 10 13 336 5 60°C to 20°C 10% 10 14 168 5 60°C to 20°C 50% 10 15 336 5 60°C to 20°C 50% 10 16 168 5 60°C to 20°C 95% 10 17 336 5 60°C to 20°C 95%
  • 16. TESTING • Failure Testing • Shear • Bending • Observing Debonding of CFRP timber interface
  • 17. IMPACT & OUTCOME • Benefit on a national level • Increase world data on CFRP- retrofitting • Increased behavioural knowledge • Low cost • Non-Invasive procedure • Beneficial for steel & concrete
  • 18. CONCLUSION By looking into commonly used Australian timber, as well as experimentation under what would be standard operational settings for any timber structure that has been or would be built in the future. Completion of this research will help identify the key parameters affecting bond characteristics between CFRP-Timber Systems, identify a good quality anchorage system for timber-CFRP strengthening system, examine the effects of environmental conditions on the durability of the system, and develop a new theory, based on above findings for strengthening of timber structure by smart CFRP retrofitting.