duke

1. Glenn C. Loury
Brown University
Presentation at Conference Honoring the Memory of Prof. John Hope Franklin
Duke University, April 2010

3. Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women Aged 25 to 34
Reporting a High School Education
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Black Men
White Men
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Black Women
White Women

4. Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women Aged 25 to 34
Reporting a Four-Year College Education
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Black Men
White Men
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Black Women
White Women

7. 30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
White Men
Black Men
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
White Women
Black Women
White Women
Black Women
Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women
Aged 25 to 59 Employed; 1968 to 2007

8. Median Wage and Salary Earnings for Native-Born Non-Hispanics Reporting Earnings
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
$45,000
$50,000
$55,000
$60,000
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
White Men
Black Men
Black Women
White Women

9. Median Income of Households Headed by Native-Born Non-Hispanics
(shown in constant 2007 Dollars)
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
$45,000
$50,000
$55,000
$60,000
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Whites
Blacks

10. Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanics Below the Poverty Line; 1968 to 2007
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Impoverished
Blacks
Impoverished
Whites

11. Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Children Under Age 18
Below the Poverty Line; 1968 to 2007
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Impoverished
Black Children
Impoverished
White Children

13. Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Households Owning their Residence
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1
9
7
6
1
9
7
7
1
9
7
8
1
9
7
9
1
9
8
0
1
9
8
1
1
9
8
2
1
9
8
3
1
9
8
4
1
9
8
5
1
9
8
6
1
9
8
7
1
9
8
8
1
9
8
9
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
1
1
9
9
2
1
9
9
3
1
9
9
4
1
9
9
5
1
9
9
6
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
8
1
9
9
9
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
Black Owners
White Owners
HOME OWNERSHIP

15. Percent of White and Black Wives and Husbands Under Age 30
Married to a Spouse of the Other Race, 1950 to 2007
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
1
9
5
0
1
9
6
0
1
9
7
0
1
9
8
0
1
9
9
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
7
Black Wives
Black Husbands
White Wives
White Husbands
INTER-RACIAL MARRIAGE

16. Percent of Children Under Age 18 in Married Couple Families with
Parents of Different Races
0.2% 0.4%
0.8%
2.0%
2.8%
6.7%
9.0%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2007

21. Incarceration is a Primary Life Experience for Black Men

22. The Scale of Incarceration Distorts Social Measurement

23. Incarceration Has Large Impact of Black Children

25. MORE GENERALLY, DOES THE PERSISTENCE AND
SEEMING PERMANENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN
SOCIAL DISADVANTAGE SIGNAL A FUNDAMENTAL
FAILURE OF THE “SECOND RECONSTRUCTION”?
AND, IF SO, WHAT WOULD THIS IMPLY ABOUT THE
FUTURE OF RACIAL JUSTICE ADVOCACY IN AMERICA?