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Progress Through People Luncheon Georgia's Evolving Demographics
The document discusses the evolving demographics of Georgia, highlighting trends such as urban growth, fertility stall, and an aging population. It notes that while Georgia's overall population is increasing, Liberty County is experiencing slower growth and declining trends in births. Additionally, the document explains the impacts of mortality rates and migration patterns on population changes in the state.
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Progress Through People Luncheon Georgia's Evolving Demographics
- 1. Georgia’s Evolving Demographics PopulationChange in the Peach State Jeffrey Wright Applied Demography Program
- 2. Highlights • Urban growth •Fertility stall • Graying of Georgia • Slowing In-Migration
- 3. What was the2018 population of Georgia? 9.5 million 10.5 million 9.9 million9.2 million
- 4. What was the2018 population of Liberty County? 58,000 61,500 60,0o0 63,500
- 5. What was the2018 population of the Hinesville MSA? 60,500 90,500 70,500 80,500
- 6. What was LibertyCounty’s population growth rate 2010-2018? 8.6% 4.1% 6.0% -3.3%
- 7. What Liberty County’spopulation growth 2010-2018? 8.6% 4.1% 6.0% -3.3% Georgia Liberty Co. Hinesville MSA United States
- 8. What was themedian age in Liberty County in 2017? 36.4 28.6 27.9 37.8
- 9. What was themedian age in Liberty County in 2017? 36.4 28.6 27.9 37.8 Georgia Liberty Co. Hinesville MSAUnited States
- 10. What % Foreign-bornin Liberty? 7.1% 13.4% 5.9% 10.0%
- 11. What % Foreign-bornin Liberty? 7.1% 13.4% 5.9% 10.0% Georgia Liberty Co.Hinesville Proper United States
- 12.
- 13. Hinesville MSA Gains,Liberty Slips 75,000 76,000 77,000 78,000 79,000 80,000 81,000 82,000 60,500 61,000 61,500 62,000 62,500 63,000 63,500 64,000 64,500 65,000 65,500 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 HinesvilleMSA LibertyCounty Population Liberty Hinesville
- 14. Hinesville MSA Gains,Liberty Slips 75,000 76,000 77,000 78,000 79,000 80,000 81,000 82,000 60,500 61,000 61,500 62,000 62,500 63,000 63,500 64,000 64,500 65,000 65,500 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 HinesvilleMSA LibertyCounty Population Liberty Hinesville Linear (Liberty) Linear (Hinesville)
- 15. 75,000 76,000 77,000 78,000 79,000 80,000 81,000 82,000 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 2010 2011 20122013 2014 2015 2016 2017 HinesvilleMSAPopulation LongCountyPopulation Population Long Hinesville Linear (Long) Linear (Hinesville) Hinesville MSA Tracking Long County
- 16. Hinesville MSA growing, Hinesvilleproper declining 75,000 76,000 77,000 78,000 79,000 80,000 81,000 82,000 32,000 32,500 33,000 33,500 34,000 34,500 35,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 HinesvilleMSAPopulation HinesvilleCity Population Hinesville City Hinesville MSA Linear (Hinesville City) Linear (Hinesville MSA)
- 17. What drives populationchange? • Three components change population size – Births / Fertility – Deaths / Mortality – Migration • Domestic • Foreign
- 18. Demographic Balancing Equation Populationgrowth or decline = • Natural Increase = Births – Deaths + • Net Migration = In-migrants + Out-migrants Georgia Liberty Co. Hinesville MSA United States
- 19.
- 20. Replacement rate: 2,100.0 U.S. BirthRate (TFR), 2017
- 21. General Fertility Rate TracksLower in 2018 Source: CDC
- 22. Fertility decline, post-recession 50 55 60 65 70 75 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Birthsper1,000femalesaged15-44 GeorgiaGeneral Fertility Rate Urban Rural Source: Georgia Department of Public Health
- 23. But Liberty bucksthe trend 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Birthsper1,000femalesaged15-44 General Fertility Rates Georgia Liberty County Source: Georgia Department of Public Health
- 24. Falling births haveripple effects Class of 2026 Class of 2032 Class of 2036 Class of 2022 Source: Georgia Department of Public Health, OASIS
- 25.
- 26. Source: CDC Rising Mortalityin U.S., Georgia 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 Crude Death Rate United States Georgia
- 27. Source: Georgia PublicHealth Georgia’s Recent Mortality Trends 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Deathsper100,000pop. Crude Death Rate
- 28. Source: Georgia Departmentof Public Health Georgia’s Recent Mortality Upswing 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Deathsper100,000pop. Crude Death Rate Rural Death Rate Urban Death Rate First baby boomers hit age 65
- 29. Source: Georgia Departmentof Public Health And Liberty has seen an uptick, too 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Deathsper100,000pop. Georgia Liberty County
- 30.
- 31. Migration Component: Slowing •Migration is key to Georgia’s population growth and renewal of parents of childbearing age, schools, workforce • Foreign and domestic in-migration has attenuated • Asians the exception, foreign and domestic trends are up • Mexican immigration is petering out
- 32. Current Domestic In-migrationSnapshot Source: US Census Estimates Program
- 33. Foreign and DomesticMigration Long-term slowdown Source: Current Population Survey, IPUMS 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 Persons In-Migrants to Georgia (non-military) Total Domestic Foreign Linear (Total) Linear (Domestic) Linear (Foreign)
- 34. -5,000 -4,000 -3,000 -2,000 -1,000 0 1,000 2,000 2010 2011 20122013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Liberty County Migration Foreign Domestic Net
- 35.
- 36. Projected Population ofGeorgia 4.6 10.5 15.4 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 Millions Source: US Census Bureau, OPB Population Projections (Projected)
- 37. Lions & Lambs:Projected Change Source: OPB Population Projections
- 38. Flat growth projectedfor Liberty Source: OPB Population Projections
- 39. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0-4 10-14 20-2430-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 PopulationinThousands Hispanic Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Other Source: US Census Population Estimates Race/Ethnic Age Diversity, Georgia 2018
- 40. Liberty County diversity 20182033 2053 White, NH Black, NH Hispanic Other, NH
- 41. Source: US CensusPopulation Estimates Burgeoning Georgia Seniors Pop. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2020 2040 2060 %ofTotal Share of population aged 65 or more White, NH Black, NH Hispanic Other, NH
- 42. State Growth Leaders,2010-2018 Georgia has 7 of 100 fastest-growing US counties Rank County Change 9 Forsyth 34.8% 13 Long 32.6% 26 Bryan 26.1% 33 Columbia 24.4% 67 Oconee 19.6% 72 Effingham 19.0% 77 Cherokee 18.6% Source: US Census Bureau Estimates Program
- 43.
- 44.
- 45. Census 2020: FederalFunding • A recent US Census Bureau study found 132 programs that use Census Bureau data to distribute funds. • In 2015, that amounted to more than $675 billion. • Federal outlays are projected to increase from $3.7 trillion in 2015 to $4.7 trillion in 2020, so Census-based funds will grow, too. Source: Uses of Census Bureau Data in Federal Funds Distribution, Census Bureau, 2017
- 46. Source: GW Institutefor Public Policy Georgia’s Top 10 Census-based Program Funds United States Georgia TOTAL of Federal Expenditures $883.1 bln $23.8 bln Medical Assistance Program (Medicaid) $361.2 bln $6.9 bln Federal Direct Student Loans $93.5 bln $2.9 bln Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program $66.4 bln $2.7 bln Medicare Suppl. Medical Insurance (Part B) $66.1 bln $1.8 bln Highway Planning and Construction $40.3 bln $1.3 bln Federal Pell Grant Program $26.0 bln $905 mln Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers $19.4 bln $509 mln Temporary Assistance for Needy Families $17.1 bln $331 mln Counting for Dollars FY16
Editor's Notes
- #2 How many of you use demographic data in your businesses? Anyone have any examples?
- #3 I am also looking for insights, local knowledge, on any trends that affect population. It’s very helpful when we do population projections. Especially given the presence of Ft. Stewart, which is a very large group quarters population and challenging to assess.
- #4 We are going to start out with a little quiz to warm up your inner demographers. Who knows the population of Georgia according to the most recent Census estimates?
- #5 How about Liberty County? This might be more challenging since there have been some real ups and downs this decade, as we’ll see later. These numbers are rounded by the way for simplicity’s sake.
- #6 The Hinesville MSA is interesting as it straddles Long, one of the fastest growing counties in the US, and Liberty, which is
- #11 We are going to start out with a little competition.
- #12 We are going to start out with a little competition.
- #14 As you may all know, the Hinesville MSA comprises almost all of Liberty and all of Long.
- #15 We are going to start out with a little competition.
- #16 Long County was one of the fastest growing counties in the United States so far this decade, so this is interesting.
- #17 Given what we’ve seen, what does this slide tell us? I think this tells us that the Liberty and Hinesville proper are losing population, but Long is picking up the slack for the overall MSA.
- #18 The reader’s digest guide to demography can be summed up in the next slide. . In Georgia, when babies are born, does the population grow or shrink? When people die, what happens to the population? When people move in from other states or countries, what happens? When people move away from Georgia, what happens? So demographers are interested in anything relating to births, deaths, and migration.
- #19 This expresses in a formal way what we were just saying about population change and the three pillars of demography. Natural Increase is a key concept. It refers to what happens to a closed population or a population with no migration. People are born into a population, and people die out of a population. If there are more births than deaths, you have natural increase. If there are more deaths than births, the population shrinks. Net migration is the change, positive or negative, that results from people coming and going, coming and going.
- #21 Here’s the prevailing trend in fertility. Only two states, Utah and South Dakota, have TFRs at replacement rate or above. Georgia’s in the fourth quintile, slightly higher than the national average but below replacement. Notice that whites in Georgia have the lowest TFR.
- #22 All race/ethnic groups saw statistically significant declines from 2017 to 2018. Preliminary data for the first quarter of 2019 show another significant decline coming this year.
- #23 This is consistent with national trends. Only two states are at or above replacement fertility right now. Rural birth rates look to be stabilizing at a slightly higher level than urban, but (a) it’s too early to tell; and (b) it’s still at a relatively low rate. The pattern in Europe and Asia has been a sustained decline in fertility that often hits what we call low-low fertility 1.3. Then you see somewhat of a rebound in some countries. Some government are more proactive. The US philosophy is to not meddle.
- #24 The good news is that Liberty has the second-highest general fertility rate in Georgia? Why is Liberty experiencing a rise? Youthful population? Young military families getting started? Less expensive to have children here?
- #25 This is just one example. Another thing to think about is what happens in 20-40 years from now. Fewer grown women to have children. Does anyone here have a business that would be affected by a decline in births? My boss’ wife, for example, provides trampolines at children’s events.
- #27 You can see that the death rate started really climbing around the beginning of the decade. Georgia data in this dataset only goes through 2015.
- #28 This is the past decade. On this scale you can see a launch in 2011.
- #29 This shows that the upswing in mortality has been fairly recent. This is a consequence of the graying of Georgia.
- #30 Liberty is the third-youngest county among Georgia’s 159 at 27.9 in 2017. The oldest was 53.8 years, Union county. That’s obviously a wide range.
- #31 The takeaway from this is that with fewer births and more deaths, the state will need to attract new residents either from other US states or from abroad or both in order to revitalize childbearing, schools, the workforce, caregivers, and so on.
- #33 This shows which counties have gained or lost population due to domestic migration. From which states are people moving to Georgia? Florida 14.1%, New York 11.6%, Alabama 5.9%, Texas 4.9%. In Liberty’s case, people are leaving.
- #34 All race-ethnic groups except Asians have been demonstrating a long-term slowdown over the past two decades.
- #35 And here’s what that looks like. Where are they going? Biggest destinations are Fulton, Chatham, Long, and El Paso County, Colorado. Nearly 1,000 residents left for that county in the 2013-2017 period, presumably military personal transferring to one of the bases there. That makes the point that military personnel, due to reassignments, deployments, returns, etc., can really make it hard to determine true migration rates.
- #37 The Institute of Government assists the Governor’s office in developing state population projections. These were just released. The story is one of slower growth, but none too shabby. Over the projection horizon we see the population going from the current 10 million to more than 15 million. But notice that in the fifty years prior, the population more than doubled. In the next fifty, it will grow by 50%.
- #38 This is another way of looking at the projections. The previous map reflected numerical change. This is percent change. If Fulton adds a million people, well, that’s not the same as Clarke adding a million people. Here you can see a picture of metro Atlanta all the way up through the Georgia Mountains and all the way over toward Augusta should be growing. Then you have the southeast, anchored by Savannah and coastal regions, but also I personally think there is sort of a Jacksonville-to-Savannah corridor developing here. This growth is being fueled by Hispanics.
- #39 Our model produced a fairly stable population scenario in the 50-year projections. We just completed another round, and they call for slightly higher population counts, roughly 1,000 to 1,500 higher, but with the same basic shape.
- #41 These pie charts show projected Liberty County race-ethnic composition in 2018, in 15 years, and in 35 years. Really, the only change projected here is that more Hispanics are expected. However, the presence of Ft. Stewart makes me skeptical that we won’t actually see more diversity. Group quarters are calculated based on 2010 Census data, which is simply because better data are not available. We know that the armed services are growing increasingly diverse. Input from the audience here would be welcome.
- #42 Challenges: Obesity, divorced, nursing home care, Alzheimers, What happens when we start to see a higher proportion of minorities among the elderly population?
- #43 These are all metro counties. Oconee and Long are the least urbanized, but they are still classified as metro counties due to their proximity to Atlanta and Savannah, respectively, and their connections to the metropolitan labor markets.
- #46 Federal outlays are projected to increase from $3.7 trillion in 2015 to $4.7 trillion in 2020, so Census-based funds will grow, too.
- #47 Three medical-related program areas accounted for half of Georgia’s total funding in 2016. Also bears mention that Georgia was the largest recipient of rural assistance funds among any state.
- #48 Add a slide with my contact