As we have discussed that out of various triggering methods to turn the SCR, gate triggering is the most efficient and reliable method. Most of the control applications use this type of triggering because the desired instant of SCR turning is possible with gate triggering method.
As we have discussed that out of various triggering methods to turn the SCR, gate triggering is the most efficient and reliable method. Most of the control applications use this type of triggering because the desired instant of SCR turning is possible with gate triggering method.
The complete list of thyristor family members include diac (bidirectional diode thyristor), triac (bidirectional triode thyristor), SCR (silicon controlled rectifier), Shockley diode, SCS (silicon controlled switch), SBS (silicon bilateral switch), SUS (silicon unilateral switch) also known as complementary SCR or CSCR, LASCR (light activated SCR), LAS (light activated switch) and LASCS (light activated SCS).
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
The inverter is a static device. It can convert one form of electrical power into other forms of electrical power. But it cannot generate electrical power. Hence the inverter is a converter, not a generator.
Part of Lecture series on EE321N, Power Electronics-I delivered by me during Fifth Semester of B.Tech. Electrical Engg., 2012
Z H College of Engg. & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Please comment and feel free to ask anything related. Thanks!
The complete list of thyristor family members include diac (bidirectional diode thyristor), triac (bidirectional triode thyristor), SCR (silicon controlled rectifier), Shockley diode, SCS (silicon controlled switch), SBS (silicon bilateral switch), SUS (silicon unilateral switch) also known as complementary SCR or CSCR, LASCR (light activated SCR), LAS (light activated switch) and LASCS (light activated SCS).
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
The inverter is a static device. It can convert one form of electrical power into other forms of electrical power. But it cannot generate electrical power. Hence the inverter is a converter, not a generator.
Part of Lecture series on EE321N, Power Electronics-I delivered by me during Fifth Semester of B.Tech. Electrical Engg., 2012
Z H College of Engg. & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Please comment and feel free to ask anything related. Thanks!
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Block Diagram
3. Principle of operation
4. Mode of operation
5. Four quadrant operation
6. Ideal Dual Converter
7. Types of Dual converter
8. Applications of dual converter
3. INTRODUCTION
• It is an electronic converter or circuit which comprises of two
converters.
• One will perform as rectifier and the other will perform as inverter.
• Therefore, we can say that double processes will occur at a moment.
• Here, two full converters are arranged in anti-parallel pattern and
linked to the same dc load.
5. Principle Of Operation
• A.C input given to converter 1 for rectification.
• In this process positive cycle of input is given to first set of forward
biased thyristors which gives a rectified D.C on positive cycle, as well
negative cycle is given to set of reverse biased thyristors which gives a
D.C on negative cycle completing full wave rectified output can be
given to load.
6. Modes of Operation of Dual Converter
• There are two functional modes:
1. Non-circulating current mode.
2. Circulating mode.
7. Non Circulating Current Mode
• One converter will perform at a time. So there is no circulating
current between the converters.
• During the converter 1 operation, firing angle (α1) will be 0<α1< 90o;
Vdc and Idc are positive.
• During the converter 2 operation, firing angle (α2) will be 0<α2< 90o;
Vdc and Idc are negative.
8. Circulating Current Mode
• Two converters will be in the ON condition at the same time. So
circulating current is present.
• The firing angles are adjusted such that firing angle of converter 1 (α1)
+ firing angle of converter 2 (α2) = 180o.
• Converter 1 performs as a controlled rectifier when firing angle be
0<α1< 90o and Converter 2 performs as an inverter when the firing
angle be 90o<α2< 180o. In this condition, Vdc and Idc are positive.
10. Ideal Dual Converter
• The term ‘ideal’ refers to the ripple free output voltage.
• For the purpose of unidirectional flow of DC current, two diodes
(D1and D2) are incorporated between the converters.
• However, the direction of current can be in any way. The average
output voltage of the converter 1 is V01 and converter 2 is V02.
• To make the output voltage of the two converters in same polarity
and magnitude, the firing angles of the thyristors have to be
controlled.
12. • Average output voltage of Single-phase converter =
• Average output voltage of Three-phase converter =
• For converter 1, the average output voltage,
• For converter 2, the average output voltage,
• Output voltage,
13. Types of Dual Converters
• They are of two types:
1. Single-phase dual converter.
2. Three-phase dual converter.
16. Application of Dual Converter
• Direction and Speed control of DC motors.
• Applicable wherever the reversible DC is required.
• Industrial variable speed DC drives.
18. Content
• Introduction to Cyclo-Converters
• Working Principle
• Types of Cycloconverters
• Applications of Cycloconverter
19. Introduction to Cyclo-Converters
• Device that converts AC power of certain frequency to AC power of
another frequency (usually lower frequency).
• Also called as frequency changer.
20. • Cyclo-converters are constructed using naturally commutated
thyristors with capability of bidirectional power flow.
• The principle of the cyclo-converter is described below by using
single-phase to single-phase cyclo-converter.
• Control circuit implementation is not simple because large number of
SCRs, typically 4 or 8 SCRs for single phase and 36 for three- phase
supply.
• For such controller, a microcontroller or microprocessor or DSP is
used to trigger SCRs.
22. Types of Cycloconverters
Mainly there are two types according to the mode of operation which
are showing below
1. Blocking mode Cycloconverters
2. Circulating current Cycloconverters
23. 1. Blocking Mode Cycloconverters
• During the negative load current, the negative converter will provide
the necessary voltage and at that time, the negative converter will be
in the blocked condition. This type of operation is known as blocking
mode operation and the converters which use this method of
operation are termed as blocking mode cycloconverters.
• No need of intergroup reactors because only one converter is working
at a time.
• Cost and size is low.
24. 2. Circuiting Current Cycloconverter
Mainly there are two types according to the output frequency which
are showing below
• Step-up cycloconverters
• Step-down cycloconverters
25. Step-up Cycloconverters
• It provide output having the frequency greater than the input
frequency by using line commutation.
26. Step-down Cycloconverters
• Provides output having lower frequency than the input frequency by
using forced commutation.
• These types of converters are further classified into following:
1) Single-phase to single-phase cyclo-converters
2)Three-phase to single-phase cyclo-converters
3)Three-phase to three-phase cyclo-converter
27. Single phase to Single phase Cycloconverters
• Principles of Cycloconverters can be explained by using single phase
to single phase cycloconverter.
28. Three-Phase to Single-Phase Cycloconverters
• Converter can operates in four quadrants (+V, +I, -V, -I) in two modes
(inverting and rectifying).
29. Three Phase to Three Phase Cycloconverters
• Mainly used in machine drive systems running three-phase
synchronous and induction machines.
30. Applications of Cycloconverter
• Cement mill drives.
• Rolling mills.
• Ship propulsion drivers.
• Water pumps.
• Washing machines
• Mine winders.
• Industries.