Drug interactions
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The document discusses drug interactions, defining them as interactions between drugs, foods, chemicals, laboratory tests, or diseases. It identifies the main types of interactions as drug-drug, food-drug, chemical-drug, drug laboratory test, and drug disease. The document also outlines the factors that can contribute to drug interactions, such as multiple drug therapy, multiple prescribers, the pharmacological effects and diseases of the patient. It describes the mechanisms of drug interactions as pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic involving absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and pharmacodynamic involving direct and indirect interactions. Finally, it notes interactions can be minor, moderate or major in their effects on the patient.
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Surh, Y.-J. (2003)
5
This slide illustrates the chemical structures of representative chemopreventive phytochemicals and their dietary sources. Curcumin in the Tumeric, Resveratrol in the grapes, capsaicin in the peppers, diallylsulfide in the garlic etc., Anticarcinogenic effects of these phytochemicals have been observed in various experimental models.
Diet and cardiovascular and metabolic risk – pathways and mechanisms.
Dariush Mozaffarian Circulation. 2016;133:187-225
Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
Diet and cardiovascular and metabolic risk – pathways and mechanisms. Each of these dietary factors influences many or even all of these pathways, which could also be modified in some cases by underlying individual characteristics. Selected major effects are detailed in the text sections on each dietary factor.
Assessed Individual Assignment
You are required to write a commentary/literature research paper on
“the role of a dietary factor (define) in foods in the management of
health and disease” The subject can also be
“the role of functional food (define) in management of health and
disease
Length of report: 10 -15 pages max (font size of 11 or 12) to
include Figures, Tables and Schemes showing applicable mechanisms
Report to have the following structure: Title, Student Name and Affiliation,
Abstract or Executive Summary, Introduction, Sections/Discussion,
Recommendation and/or Conclusion and References (APA style).
Refer to Model paper Aruoma et al (2006) Toxicology 221: 119-127
Submission Deadline: Online in CANVAS only
Monday 29th April 2019 at 23:55pm. No late submission
Let us take another look at the Course syllabus and you
will note a requirement for student individual Assignment
Title of Paper
Student Name
College of Natural and Social Sciences
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032
Report Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for Completion of the Course “Nutritional Aspects of Biochemistry” Spring Semester 2019
Abstract or Executive Summary
Introduction
Sections/Discu.
HERB-DRUG INTERACTIONS.pptx
This document discusses various types of drug interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, and herb-drug interactions. It describes the mechanisms of these interactions as pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, or pharmacodynamic. Pharmacokinetic interactions can affect absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug. Several examples of herb-drug interactions are provided that may increase or decrease drug effects through these mechanisms. The document emphasizes that drug interactions can have serious consequences and are an important cause of adverse health outcomes.
Drug interaction final
Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological activity of one drug is altered by another substance like another drug, food, or chemical. There are several types of drug interactions including drug-drug, drug-food, chemical-drug, drug-laboratory test, and drug-disease. Drug interactions can increase or decrease a drug's effects, cause new side effects, or impact a test. The mechanisms of drug interactions are pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic in nature. Pharmacokinetic interactions alter how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, or excretes a drug. Pharmacodynamic interactions impact a drug's effects or side effects at its site of action. Factors like multiple drug therapy, diseases,
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BIO DRUG-DRUG & BIO DRUG–FOOD INTERACTION.pptx
Introduction
Types of drug Interaction
Effects of drug Interaction
Factors contributing to drug interactions
Mechanism
Pharmaceutical Interactions
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
Pharmacodynamic Interaction
Consequences of drug interaction
Reducing the risk of drug interaction
Influence of Smoking and Alcohol
Bio drug – Food Interaction
Pharmacogenomics
Dr. Debasish Pradhan is a senior faculty of pharmacology who discusses the goals of pharmacogenomics which are to optimize drug therapy and ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects by moving away from trial-and-error prescribing and instead considering a patient's genes and functionality. Pharmacogenomics uses genotyping, exome, or whole genome sequencing as inputs to achieve better treatment outcomes and minimize toxicities and adverse drug reactions.
DRUG INTERACTIONS (MECHANISMS OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS)
A Drug interaction is an interaction between a drug and some other substance, such as another drug or a certain type of food, which leads to interaction that could manifest as an increase or decrease in the effectiveness or an adverse reaction or a totally new side effect that is not seen with either drug alone that can be severe enough to alter the clinical outcome.
Every time a drug is administered with any other prescription medicine, OTC products, herbs or even food we expose ourselves to the risk of a potentially dangerous interaction.
OBJECTIVE 3.pptx
Pharmacogenomics shows promise for improving patient outcomes and safety by enabling more personalized treatment approaches based on a patient's genetics. However, fully realizing its benefits faces several challenges, including the need for healthcare stakeholders to coordinate effectively, securing adequate resources, and educating physicians on pharmacogenomics. Additionally, drug interactions and environmental factors can complicate the relationship between genetics and drug response, requiring more research before pharmacogenomic testing can be widely implemented in clinical practice.
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with biological systems and affect function. Key areas include pharmacodynamics, which studies drug effects on biological systems, and pharmacokinetics, which studies the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. Pharmacology aims to understand drug actions at the molecular level through studying drug interactions with receptors and cellular signaling pathways. It provides a scientific framework for medicine development and safety testing of new drugs.
Opioid Abuse in Chronic Pain
This document summarizes the misconceptions around opioid use and addiction. It discusses how opioids work in the brain to produce both analgesia and euphoria through activation of mu-opioid receptors. Repeated use leads to tolerance and physical dependence, but addiction only occurs in a small percentage of patients and involves distinct molecular mechanisms. Common misconceptions include equating addiction, tolerance and physical dependence. The document advocates for strategies to minimize risks of diversion and abuse through abuse-deterrent formulations.
HERB-FOOD INTERACTIONS
This document discusses herb-food and herb-drug interactions. It defines an interaction as an alteration in a drug's effects caused by another substance. There are several types of interactions, including drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease. Herb-drug interactions can occur through pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic mechanisms. Pharmacodynamic interactions involve effects at receptor sites, while pharmacokinetic interactions affect absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of drugs. Many herbs can interact with prescription medications in dangerous ways. Lack of knowledge, quality control, and research contribute to risks of herb-drug interactions.
Main PostPharmacokinetics and PharmacodynamicsAs advance.docx
Main Post
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
As advanced practice nurses it is important that we understand pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics when caring for our patients. There are many factors to consider when prescribing medications because not one person is the same. Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement throughout the body, and has four basic processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (Rosenthal, 2021, p 13). Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced (Rosenthal, 2021, p 22). In my experience I can not pinpoint one specific scenario in which pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered an anticipated response to a drug but multiple scenarios.
I can think of things to consider when prescribing medications like their medical history, medications they take, whether prescribed or over the counter, compliance, genetics, age, race, and family history. Other things to consider is the patients liver function and renal function, which affect the drugs absorption and excretion rate. One class of drugs that comes to mind are chemotherapy medications. Not everyone has the same outcome with chemotherapeutic agents when treating cancers. Another class of medications are psychotropic medications, some psych medications work better for others and do not work at all for some. And one of the most common ailments hypertension, antihypertensive drugs that work for some and not others. Immunosuppressed, CHF, renal failure, liver failure patients and patients with multiple ailments on multiple medications, all have to be prescribed medications carefully because of possible polypharmacy and drug interactions. A-fib patients prescribed coumadin needing their PT/INR checked to make sure their coumadin is therapeutic, educating them not to eat green leafy vegetables or drink grapefruit juice.
A patient’s genetics may play a role in whether the medication prescribed is going to work or not. It became evident in the 60’s that therapeutic doses of psychotropic medications vary markedly from person to person, with some patients failing to respond despite treatment with high dosages (Lerer, 2004, p158). Among many factors that may influence the drug response, hepatic function, and drug metabolism ae of great importance for nearly all medications used in psychiatry and even more importantly patient compliance with medication use (Lerer, 2004, p158). The CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism was discovered in late 1970’s and represents one of the most intensively studied monogenic variations in drug metabolism, approx. 7% of Caucasians are poor metabolizers of CYP2D6 substrates while the rest are considered as extensive metabolizers (Lerer, 2004, p160). CYP2D6 enzyme has particular significance for clinical psychiatry as it is involved in clearance of many psychotropic drugs such as tricyclic, antidepressants, selective.
Drug distribution sjk
This document defines drug interactions and describes the main types including drug-drug, drug-food, drug-disease, and drug-laboratory test interactions. It explains that interactions occur via changes to a drug's pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics. The major mechanisms of drug-drug interactions are pharmaceutical interactions when drugs are mixed, and pharmacokinetic interactions which influence absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug. Pharmacodynamic interactions can be direct, acting on the same site, or indirect through other body systems. Factors that increase risk of interactions and strategies to reduce interactions are also outlined.
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DRUG INTERACTIONS (MECHANISMS OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS)
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Drug interactions
- 1. DRUG INTERACTIONS Presented by : Khevana Joshi and Dhruv Kadia Guided by : Prof. Kaushika Patel
- 2. INTRODUCTION: Definition Types of drug interaction Drug – Drug interaction Food drug interaction Chemical drug interaction Drug laboratory test interaction Drug disease interaction
- 3. FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO DRUG INTERACTION: Multiple drug therapy Multiple prescribers Multiple pharmacological effects of drug Multiple diseases/ predisposing illness Poor patient compliance Advancing age of patient Drug related factor
- 4. MECHANISM OF DRUG INTERACTION: Pharmaceutical interaction Pharmacokinetic interaction I. Absorption interaction II. Distribution interaction III. Metabolism interaction IV. Excretion interaction
- 5. MECHANISM OF DRUG INTERACTION (cont.): Pharmacodynamic interaction I. Direct interaction II. Indirect interaction
- 6. REDUCING THE RISK OF DRUG INTERACTION: Major – life threatening Moderate – deterioration of patient’s status Minor – little effect
- 7. Thank you FOR LISTENING US Reference: Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics D.M. Brahmankar pg no. 224-234