The development of post harvest technologies in place of traditional techniques are presented here which help reduce the drudgery involved in post harvest operations. It is part of bigger picture of making drudgery free agriculture....
this testing includes weeding, its objective ,types and testing of both manual and power weeders
Testing of weeder includes General test or lab test and Field test
General test or lab test includes
Checking of specifications
Checking of hardness of material
Chemical analysis of soil engaging components
Wear of the soil engaging components
Engine performance
Noise level
Air cleaner oil pull over
Amplitude of mechanical vibration
Discard limit
Turning ability
Rotary blades
Safety requirements
---Field test
Field parameters
Speed of travel
Field capacity
Depth of weeding
Draft of the weeder
Weeding efficiency
Power requirement
Plant damage
Field efficiency
Performance index
Fuel consumtion
Soundness of construction
Ease of adjustment and operation
Post harvest management and value addition with special reference to papayaRamabhau Patil
This document discusses post-harvest management and value addition of papaya in India. It outlines key production and harvesting details such as maturity indices. It also describes unit operations in post-harvest handling including harvesting, grading, washing, packaging and storage techniques. Value addition opportunities from papaya include products like papain, pectin, dried papaya, pulp and various confectioneries. Equipment requirements and estimated costs for establishing units to produce papain and pectin are provided.
The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) approach to rice cultivation. Key points:
- SRI involves simple techniques like transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing to promote root and plant growth without changing rice varieties or increasing external inputs.
- SRI has been shown to increase yields in over 35 countries through improved soil health and plant growth. Yields increases of 50-100% are common.
- SRI benefits small-scale farmers through higher and more stable yields, lower costs, and greater resilience to stresses like drought or floods.
- The basic SRI ideas of young seedlings, wide spacing, and soil management to promote root and plant growth are now being
The document discusses the establishment and benefits of custom hiring centers for farm machinery in Indian villages. Such centers aim to provide small farmers access to machinery they could not otherwise afford. They have been set up in 100 villages through a government program and each center was given funds of 6.25 lakhs to purchase machinery. The centers are managed by village committees. They have led to increased yields, timely operations, reduced costs and labor needs, and higher incomes for farmers. Over 1000 demonstrations reached 22,000 hectares of land.
The information of useful small farm Agricultural Machinery is given in this presentation such as battery-assisted Four wheel weeder, Cono weeder, Wheel hoe, dibbler, vegetable transplanter, Direct paddy seeder, Manual Groundnut Decorticator, Tubular Maize Sheller, 7HP mini tiller and Brush Cutter.
Pruning and training cucurbitaceous vegetable crops can improve their growth, yield and fruit quality. Research has found that pruning lateral branches on cucumber at 60cm from the base increased fruit number and yield. For bottle gourd, pruning all branches up to 45cm and pinching the vine at the 6th node improved flowering and yield. Training vines on structures like trellises also increased yields of crops like bitter gourd and pumpkin compared to no training. Different training systems like bower, T-trellis and umbrella produced higher yields than ground cultivation for various cucurbits.
Achievement, Thrust and Future Strategies in Post Harvest of HorticultureRamabhau Patil
This document provides information on strategies for post-harvest management of horticulture crops in India. It discusses key challenges like post-harvest losses of 3-18% worth Rs. 45,000 crores annually due to lack of adequate infrastructure and processing. It highlights various post-harvest handling operations like grading, sorting, packing, storage techniques and value addition processes that can help reduce losses and increase income for farmers. The document also showcases several post-harvest machinery and technologies developed by organizations like CIPHET and IIHR for efficient handling, storage and minimal processing of fruits and vegetables.
Cleaning and grading-Physical Characteristics of Grains for cleaning and grad...Anuj Jha
The document discusses cleaning and grading of grains for physical characteristics. It describes types of cleaners and graders, specifically air screen cleaners. It explains that air screen cleaners use screening and aspiration to separate grains based on size, removing impurities. The document outlines factors that influence air screen cleaner design, like material properties, machine settings, and screen specifications. Finally, it provides an overview of the industrial setup for cleaning and grading operations.
this testing includes weeding, its objective ,types and testing of both manual and power weeders
Testing of weeder includes General test or lab test and Field test
General test or lab test includes
Checking of specifications
Checking of hardness of material
Chemical analysis of soil engaging components
Wear of the soil engaging components
Engine performance
Noise level
Air cleaner oil pull over
Amplitude of mechanical vibration
Discard limit
Turning ability
Rotary blades
Safety requirements
---Field test
Field parameters
Speed of travel
Field capacity
Depth of weeding
Draft of the weeder
Weeding efficiency
Power requirement
Plant damage
Field efficiency
Performance index
Fuel consumtion
Soundness of construction
Ease of adjustment and operation
Post harvest management and value addition with special reference to papayaRamabhau Patil
This document discusses post-harvest management and value addition of papaya in India. It outlines key production and harvesting details such as maturity indices. It also describes unit operations in post-harvest handling including harvesting, grading, washing, packaging and storage techniques. Value addition opportunities from papaya include products like papain, pectin, dried papaya, pulp and various confectioneries. Equipment requirements and estimated costs for establishing units to produce papain and pectin are provided.
The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) approach to rice cultivation. Key points:
- SRI involves simple techniques like transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing to promote root and plant growth without changing rice varieties or increasing external inputs.
- SRI has been shown to increase yields in over 35 countries through improved soil health and plant growth. Yields increases of 50-100% are common.
- SRI benefits small-scale farmers through higher and more stable yields, lower costs, and greater resilience to stresses like drought or floods.
- The basic SRI ideas of young seedlings, wide spacing, and soil management to promote root and plant growth are now being
The document discusses the establishment and benefits of custom hiring centers for farm machinery in Indian villages. Such centers aim to provide small farmers access to machinery they could not otherwise afford. They have been set up in 100 villages through a government program and each center was given funds of 6.25 lakhs to purchase machinery. The centers are managed by village committees. They have led to increased yields, timely operations, reduced costs and labor needs, and higher incomes for farmers. Over 1000 demonstrations reached 22,000 hectares of land.
The information of useful small farm Agricultural Machinery is given in this presentation such as battery-assisted Four wheel weeder, Cono weeder, Wheel hoe, dibbler, vegetable transplanter, Direct paddy seeder, Manual Groundnut Decorticator, Tubular Maize Sheller, 7HP mini tiller and Brush Cutter.
Pruning and training cucurbitaceous vegetable crops can improve their growth, yield and fruit quality. Research has found that pruning lateral branches on cucumber at 60cm from the base increased fruit number and yield. For bottle gourd, pruning all branches up to 45cm and pinching the vine at the 6th node improved flowering and yield. Training vines on structures like trellises also increased yields of crops like bitter gourd and pumpkin compared to no training. Different training systems like bower, T-trellis and umbrella produced higher yields than ground cultivation for various cucurbits.
Achievement, Thrust and Future Strategies in Post Harvest of HorticultureRamabhau Patil
This document provides information on strategies for post-harvest management of horticulture crops in India. It discusses key challenges like post-harvest losses of 3-18% worth Rs. 45,000 crores annually due to lack of adequate infrastructure and processing. It highlights various post-harvest handling operations like grading, sorting, packing, storage techniques and value addition processes that can help reduce losses and increase income for farmers. The document also showcases several post-harvest machinery and technologies developed by organizations like CIPHET and IIHR for efficient handling, storage and minimal processing of fruits and vegetables.
Cleaning and grading-Physical Characteristics of Grains for cleaning and grad...Anuj Jha
The document discusses cleaning and grading of grains for physical characteristics. It describes types of cleaners and graders, specifically air screen cleaners. It explains that air screen cleaners use screening and aspiration to separate grains based on size, removing impurities. The document outlines factors that influence air screen cleaner design, like material properties, machine settings, and screen specifications. Finally, it provides an overview of the industrial setup for cleaning and grading operations.
Cleaning and grading of grains involves removing foreign materials and sorting grains based on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Grading separates grains into fractions based on size, shape, moisture content, color, texture, foreign materials, composition, odor, and damage. It is done to avoid processing low quality grains. Grading can be done by hand or machinery, with machinery separating grains based on characteristics like size, shape, density, and color. Proper cleaning and grading is important for ensuring only high quality grains are further processed.
Production technology for vegetable and spices : DRUMSTICK ' MORINGASoudip Nandi
This document provides information on drumstick (Moringa oleifera) cultivation. It discusses the plant's origin in Africa and Asia, describes its physical characteristics as a fast-growing deciduous tree reaching 32-40 feet tall with tripinnate leaves. It also outlines ideal soil and climate conditions for cultivation, common varieties grown in India, and cultural practices including planting methods, manuring, irrigation, pest and disease management, harvesting, and potential yields.
role of fisheries and pond management in IFSHARISH J
Integrated fish farming systems combine aquaculture with agriculture and livestock for increased productivity and efficiency. Key types include fish-rice, fish-azolla, and fish-horticulture integration. Livestock such as ducks, cattle, poultry, pigs, goats, and rabbits can be integrated by using their waste to fertilize fish ponds. This increases fish yields while providing additional income and improving water and resource management. Integrated systems have many advantages, including reduced production costs, higher nutrient utilization efficiency, additional protein sources, and income generation.
Reaper types components and work principlesMANU MOHAN
Reapers are farm implements used to harvest crops when ripe. They cut the crop and may also gather it. Components include a cutter bar, reel, and conveyor belt. Working principles involve the cutter bar cutting crops which are then lifted and conveyed to one side. Types include self-propelled and tractor-mounted vertical conveyor reapers and self-propelled reaper binders. Vertical conveyor reapers cut and windrow crops while reaper binders additionally bind crops into bundles. Reapers are suitable for harvesting cereals and are powered by engines or tractors.
This document discusses various methods for organic weed management, including preventive, cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical (organically approved) controls. Preventive measures aim to limit the introduction and spread of weed seeds. Cultural controls involve maintaining competitive crop conditions through methods like crop rotation, cover cropping, and mulching. Mechanical controls use hand/mechanical cultivation and mowing. Biological controls utilize allelopathy, beneficial organisms, and mycoherbicides. Organically approved chemicals like corn gluten meal and vinegar/essential oil mixtures are also options. The goal of an organic weed management system is to implement a whole farm approach that minimizes weed invasion and gives crops a competitive advantage over weeds.
Post Harvest Management of Vegetables CropsBasudev Sharma
This document discusses post-harvest management techniques for fresh vegetables. It begins by explaining that fresh vegetables are highly perishable and can face losses from factors like temperature, humidity, and physical injury during handling. It then outlines objectives to understand post-harvest loss causes and control measures, marketing channels and losses, and management techniques. The document covers harvesting maturity, cleaning, sorting, grading, packaging, storage, and transportation methods. It emphasizes the importance of post-harvest management in maintaining quality and reducing losses to increase smallholder competitiveness and food security.
Post harvest machinery and storage of agricultural produceRamabhau Patil
This document discusses post-harvest handling and storage of agricultural produce in India. It notes that while India is a major producer of food grains and fruits/vegetables, post-harvest losses remain high at 3-18% due to inadequate storage and processing infrastructure. Proper storage is key to maintaining quality and minimizing losses. The document describes various storage structures used in India like PUSA bins, underground air tight structures, metal silos, and conventional godowns, and recommends structures that provide adequate aeration and protect against moisture, pests and mold. Primary processing of fruits and vegetables into products like juices, flakes and purees can add value and reduce losses.
This document discusses post-harvest management of fruits and vegetables in India. It notes that India is the second largest global producer of fruits and vegetables but suffers significant post-harvest losses estimated between 20-45% due to lack of proper storage, transportation and processing infrastructure. These losses have economic and nutrition impacts. The document outlines the major causes of losses including mechanical damage during handling, microbial and physiological spoilage. It recommends technologies like wax coating, evaporative cooling, pre-packaging, cold storage and modified atmosphere packaging to extend shelf-life and minimize post-harvest losses.
8.Spraying and Dusting equipment required in farmBhim Joshi
Sprayers and dusters are used to apply herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and micronutrients to plants. Sprayers break liquids into fine droplets and distribute chemicals uniformly on plant surfaces, while dusters apply chemicals in dry powder form. Sprayers can be hand operated or power operated, and classified by power source or spray volume. Common types include hand sprayers, knapsack sprayers, foot sprayers, and power sprayers mounted on tractors. Dusters also include hand and power models like plunger dusters and rotary dusters. Proper maintenance such as cleaning and off-season storage helps ensure sprayers and dusters work effectively.
The document discusses opportunities for value addition of agricultural products in Northeast India. It describes several value-added products that can be created such as fruit jams, juices, dried foods, beverages, pickles and more. Specific fruits and vegetables that show promise are mentioned, including banana, pineapple, oranges, and local varieties. Methods of value addition covered include packaging, osmo-air drying, waxing, and minimal processing. The document argues that pursuing these value-added products can meet market demand and benefit farmers in the region.
The document discusses weed management in rabi pulses in India. It notes that rabi pulses like gram, pea, lentils are sown in October and harvested in March-April. Weeds can cause 20-60% yield losses in rabi pulses. The major weed flora includes annual grasses like Phalaris minor and broadleaved weeds like Chenopodium album. Integrated weed management in rabi pulses involves using a combination of cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical control methods. Herbicides recommended include pendimethalin, imazethapyr, and quizalofop-ethyl. The document emphasizes the importance of weed control for higher yields and notes that an integrated approach is needed for
This document discusses post-harvest management techniques for root crops. It covers maturity indices for harvesting root crops like carrots, radishes, and potatoes. It describes proper harvesting methods to minimize injuries. Pre-cooling techniques like hydrocooling and air cooling are explained to remove field heat. Appropriate packaging, storage, transportation and fungicide treatment practices are outlined to reduce post-harvest losses and maintain quality during distribution. Value addition technologies and grading methods for root crops are also briefly mentioned.
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
This document discusses tools for evaluating cropping systems, including conventional indices like multiple cropping index, cropping intensity index, cropping index, relative yields total, relative crowding coefficient, crop equivalent yield, and land equivalent ratio. It provides definitions and examples of calculating each index. Additional terms discussed for evaluating profitability include gross return, net return, return per rupee invested (benefit-cost ratio), and per day return. The document emphasizes that no single index can provide a good comparison, so multiple indices should be used together.
Day 10 Calibration, Adjustment of Seed Drill, Planter and Sprayer LectureSuyog Khose
The document provides information about a lecture on calibration and adjustment of seed drills, planters, and sprayers. It discusses the functions of planters and different aspects of seed metering. It describes common components of seeding devices and seed drill metering mechanisms. It also covers planter metering mechanisms, components of planters, and types of transplanters. The document provides details about calibrating seed drills and evaluating planter performance. It discusses troubleshooting issues in sowing operations and the use of sprayers for chemical weed control.
This document discusses different types of agricultural cultivators used to prepare soil. It describes spring tyne cultivators, rigid tyne cultivators, cultivators of the rigid tyne shovel type, and cultivators of bar points. Spring tyne cultivators have springs to prevent damage and are used for seedbed development and puddling. Rigid tyne cultivators have adjustable tines and are versatile for aerating and preparing seedbeds. Rigid tyne shovel cultivators are used for breaking soil, preparing seedbeds, and weeding. Bar point cultivators have clamped tynes and are used for light soil preparation like seedbeds and subsoil cultivation.
Fermented beverages such as wine, cider, and champagne are produced through the alcoholic fermentation of fruits and grains by yeast. They provide health benefits by supporting digestive health and containing probiotics. Examples have been produced for thousands of years from grapes, apples, and other fruits rich in natural sugars and acids suitable for fermentation. Unfermented beverages like fruit juices are extracted from fruits, clarified to remove pulp, and preserved through pasteurization, refrigeration, or addition of preservatives to prevent alcoholic fermentation. Common products include juices, squashes, cordials, and syrups produced through processes like extraction, clarification, preservation, and bottling.
The document discusses several types of small millets including finger millet, foxtail millet, kodo millet, little millet, proso millet, and barnyard millet. It provides details on their drought tolerance, growing conditions, production areas, and uses. Finger millet is highlighted with information on its varieties, cultivation practices, cropping systems, and production in India. The document concludes with brief descriptions of foxtail millet and little millet.
This document provides information on sorghum production trends, varieties, and cultivation practices. It states that global sorghum area and production have decreased since the 1970s, except in Africa. It also outlines suitable varieties for different Indian states and seasons. Key cultivation steps discussed include land preparation, nutrient management, water requirements, weed control, harvest, and ratooning.
Mechanization of post harvest operations in horticultural cropsRamabhau Patil
This document discusses various technologies related to post-harvest operations in horticultural crops. It begins by providing context on agriculture and horticulture production and post-harvest losses in India. It then describes the benefits of agro-processing in production areas and lists the main unit operations in post-harvest management. The document proceeds to describe several specific post-harvest technologies and machinery, including bunch covers for bananas, tools for safe harvesting, grading and sorting equipment, pre-cooling, storage structures, and machinery for processing fruits and vegetables into products like juices, pulps, and dried or value-added items. It concludes by discussing some packaging technologies that can extend the shelf life of horticultural crops.
This document discusses pomegranate production, post-harvest management techniques, and value addition opportunities for pomegranates. It provides an overview of pomegranate production levels in India and discusses the various health benefits of pomegranates. It then outlines several unit operations for post-harvest handling of fruits and vegetables including harvesting, cooling, storage, and transportation. Various techniques for pomegranate processing are described including aril extraction, minimal processing, and development of products like anardana powder, jelly, and tablets. Storage and cooling technologies like evaporative cool chambers and a two-stage evaporative cooler are also summarized. Finally, the document discusses entrepreneurship and training programs offered by the Central Institute of Post
Cleaning and grading of grains involves removing foreign materials and sorting grains based on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Grading separates grains into fractions based on size, shape, moisture content, color, texture, foreign materials, composition, odor, and damage. It is done to avoid processing low quality grains. Grading can be done by hand or machinery, with machinery separating grains based on characteristics like size, shape, density, and color. Proper cleaning and grading is important for ensuring only high quality grains are further processed.
Production technology for vegetable and spices : DRUMSTICK ' MORINGASoudip Nandi
This document provides information on drumstick (Moringa oleifera) cultivation. It discusses the plant's origin in Africa and Asia, describes its physical characteristics as a fast-growing deciduous tree reaching 32-40 feet tall with tripinnate leaves. It also outlines ideal soil and climate conditions for cultivation, common varieties grown in India, and cultural practices including planting methods, manuring, irrigation, pest and disease management, harvesting, and potential yields.
role of fisheries and pond management in IFSHARISH J
Integrated fish farming systems combine aquaculture with agriculture and livestock for increased productivity and efficiency. Key types include fish-rice, fish-azolla, and fish-horticulture integration. Livestock such as ducks, cattle, poultry, pigs, goats, and rabbits can be integrated by using their waste to fertilize fish ponds. This increases fish yields while providing additional income and improving water and resource management. Integrated systems have many advantages, including reduced production costs, higher nutrient utilization efficiency, additional protein sources, and income generation.
Reaper types components and work principlesMANU MOHAN
Reapers are farm implements used to harvest crops when ripe. They cut the crop and may also gather it. Components include a cutter bar, reel, and conveyor belt. Working principles involve the cutter bar cutting crops which are then lifted and conveyed to one side. Types include self-propelled and tractor-mounted vertical conveyor reapers and self-propelled reaper binders. Vertical conveyor reapers cut and windrow crops while reaper binders additionally bind crops into bundles. Reapers are suitable for harvesting cereals and are powered by engines or tractors.
This document discusses various methods for organic weed management, including preventive, cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical (organically approved) controls. Preventive measures aim to limit the introduction and spread of weed seeds. Cultural controls involve maintaining competitive crop conditions through methods like crop rotation, cover cropping, and mulching. Mechanical controls use hand/mechanical cultivation and mowing. Biological controls utilize allelopathy, beneficial organisms, and mycoherbicides. Organically approved chemicals like corn gluten meal and vinegar/essential oil mixtures are also options. The goal of an organic weed management system is to implement a whole farm approach that minimizes weed invasion and gives crops a competitive advantage over weeds.
Post Harvest Management of Vegetables CropsBasudev Sharma
This document discusses post-harvest management techniques for fresh vegetables. It begins by explaining that fresh vegetables are highly perishable and can face losses from factors like temperature, humidity, and physical injury during handling. It then outlines objectives to understand post-harvest loss causes and control measures, marketing channels and losses, and management techniques. The document covers harvesting maturity, cleaning, sorting, grading, packaging, storage, and transportation methods. It emphasizes the importance of post-harvest management in maintaining quality and reducing losses to increase smallholder competitiveness and food security.
Post harvest machinery and storage of agricultural produceRamabhau Patil
This document discusses post-harvest handling and storage of agricultural produce in India. It notes that while India is a major producer of food grains and fruits/vegetables, post-harvest losses remain high at 3-18% due to inadequate storage and processing infrastructure. Proper storage is key to maintaining quality and minimizing losses. The document describes various storage structures used in India like PUSA bins, underground air tight structures, metal silos, and conventional godowns, and recommends structures that provide adequate aeration and protect against moisture, pests and mold. Primary processing of fruits and vegetables into products like juices, flakes and purees can add value and reduce losses.
This document discusses post-harvest management of fruits and vegetables in India. It notes that India is the second largest global producer of fruits and vegetables but suffers significant post-harvest losses estimated between 20-45% due to lack of proper storage, transportation and processing infrastructure. These losses have economic and nutrition impacts. The document outlines the major causes of losses including mechanical damage during handling, microbial and physiological spoilage. It recommends technologies like wax coating, evaporative cooling, pre-packaging, cold storage and modified atmosphere packaging to extend shelf-life and minimize post-harvest losses.
8.Spraying and Dusting equipment required in farmBhim Joshi
Sprayers and dusters are used to apply herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and micronutrients to plants. Sprayers break liquids into fine droplets and distribute chemicals uniformly on plant surfaces, while dusters apply chemicals in dry powder form. Sprayers can be hand operated or power operated, and classified by power source or spray volume. Common types include hand sprayers, knapsack sprayers, foot sprayers, and power sprayers mounted on tractors. Dusters also include hand and power models like plunger dusters and rotary dusters. Proper maintenance such as cleaning and off-season storage helps ensure sprayers and dusters work effectively.
The document discusses opportunities for value addition of agricultural products in Northeast India. It describes several value-added products that can be created such as fruit jams, juices, dried foods, beverages, pickles and more. Specific fruits and vegetables that show promise are mentioned, including banana, pineapple, oranges, and local varieties. Methods of value addition covered include packaging, osmo-air drying, waxing, and minimal processing. The document argues that pursuing these value-added products can meet market demand and benefit farmers in the region.
The document discusses weed management in rabi pulses in India. It notes that rabi pulses like gram, pea, lentils are sown in October and harvested in March-April. Weeds can cause 20-60% yield losses in rabi pulses. The major weed flora includes annual grasses like Phalaris minor and broadleaved weeds like Chenopodium album. Integrated weed management in rabi pulses involves using a combination of cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical control methods. Herbicides recommended include pendimethalin, imazethapyr, and quizalofop-ethyl. The document emphasizes the importance of weed control for higher yields and notes that an integrated approach is needed for
This document discusses post-harvest management techniques for root crops. It covers maturity indices for harvesting root crops like carrots, radishes, and potatoes. It describes proper harvesting methods to minimize injuries. Pre-cooling techniques like hydrocooling and air cooling are explained to remove field heat. Appropriate packaging, storage, transportation and fungicide treatment practices are outlined to reduce post-harvest losses and maintain quality during distribution. Value addition technologies and grading methods for root crops are also briefly mentioned.
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
This document discusses tools for evaluating cropping systems, including conventional indices like multiple cropping index, cropping intensity index, cropping index, relative yields total, relative crowding coefficient, crop equivalent yield, and land equivalent ratio. It provides definitions and examples of calculating each index. Additional terms discussed for evaluating profitability include gross return, net return, return per rupee invested (benefit-cost ratio), and per day return. The document emphasizes that no single index can provide a good comparison, so multiple indices should be used together.
Day 10 Calibration, Adjustment of Seed Drill, Planter and Sprayer LectureSuyog Khose
The document provides information about a lecture on calibration and adjustment of seed drills, planters, and sprayers. It discusses the functions of planters and different aspects of seed metering. It describes common components of seeding devices and seed drill metering mechanisms. It also covers planter metering mechanisms, components of planters, and types of transplanters. The document provides details about calibrating seed drills and evaluating planter performance. It discusses troubleshooting issues in sowing operations and the use of sprayers for chemical weed control.
This document discusses different types of agricultural cultivators used to prepare soil. It describes spring tyne cultivators, rigid tyne cultivators, cultivators of the rigid tyne shovel type, and cultivators of bar points. Spring tyne cultivators have springs to prevent damage and are used for seedbed development and puddling. Rigid tyne cultivators have adjustable tines and are versatile for aerating and preparing seedbeds. Rigid tyne shovel cultivators are used for breaking soil, preparing seedbeds, and weeding. Bar point cultivators have clamped tynes and are used for light soil preparation like seedbeds and subsoil cultivation.
Fermented beverages such as wine, cider, and champagne are produced through the alcoholic fermentation of fruits and grains by yeast. They provide health benefits by supporting digestive health and containing probiotics. Examples have been produced for thousands of years from grapes, apples, and other fruits rich in natural sugars and acids suitable for fermentation. Unfermented beverages like fruit juices are extracted from fruits, clarified to remove pulp, and preserved through pasteurization, refrigeration, or addition of preservatives to prevent alcoholic fermentation. Common products include juices, squashes, cordials, and syrups produced through processes like extraction, clarification, preservation, and bottling.
The document discusses several types of small millets including finger millet, foxtail millet, kodo millet, little millet, proso millet, and barnyard millet. It provides details on their drought tolerance, growing conditions, production areas, and uses. Finger millet is highlighted with information on its varieties, cultivation practices, cropping systems, and production in India. The document concludes with brief descriptions of foxtail millet and little millet.
This document provides information on sorghum production trends, varieties, and cultivation practices. It states that global sorghum area and production have decreased since the 1970s, except in Africa. It also outlines suitable varieties for different Indian states and seasons. Key cultivation steps discussed include land preparation, nutrient management, water requirements, weed control, harvest, and ratooning.
Mechanization of post harvest operations in horticultural cropsRamabhau Patil
This document discusses various technologies related to post-harvest operations in horticultural crops. It begins by providing context on agriculture and horticulture production and post-harvest losses in India. It then describes the benefits of agro-processing in production areas and lists the main unit operations in post-harvest management. The document proceeds to describe several specific post-harvest technologies and machinery, including bunch covers for bananas, tools for safe harvesting, grading and sorting equipment, pre-cooling, storage structures, and machinery for processing fruits and vegetables into products like juices, pulps, and dried or value-added items. It concludes by discussing some packaging technologies that can extend the shelf life of horticultural crops.
This document discusses pomegranate production, post-harvest management techniques, and value addition opportunities for pomegranates. It provides an overview of pomegranate production levels in India and discusses the various health benefits of pomegranates. It then outlines several unit operations for post-harvest handling of fruits and vegetables including harvesting, cooling, storage, and transportation. Various techniques for pomegranate processing are described including aril extraction, minimal processing, and development of products like anardana powder, jelly, and tablets. Storage and cooling technologies like evaporative cool chambers and a two-stage evaporative cooler are also summarized. Finally, the document discusses entrepreneurship and training programs offered by the Central Institute of Post
This document discusses various aspects of post-harvest technology and food processing in India. It notes that agriculture contributes 14.5% of India's GDP but post-harvest losses are estimated at Rs. 45,000 crores annually. It highlights opportunities for value addition through food processing and minimizing post-harvest losses using appropriate harvesting, handling, storage and processing techniques. Various technologies developed by CIPHET for grading, drying, packaging and value-added product development from fruits, vegetables and grains are also summarized.
Simple, Reliable and Cost Effective Postharvest Machineries for Horticultural...Ramabhau Patil
This document provides summaries of various post-harvest processing machines and technologies for horticultural produce developed by CIPHET. It describes machines that perform functions like grading, peeling, pulping, drying, cooling and storage. Key machines mentioned include a tomato grader, banana comb cutter, pomegranate aril extractor, litchi peeler and an evaporatively cooled storage structure. The document emphasizes the importance of post-harvest processing in reducing losses and adding value to agricultural produce in India.
Effective post harvest management of highly perishable horticultural crops rests on following appropriate primary processing protocols. But in the absence of appropriate and crop specific equipment it is not possible. This presentation explains various appropriate equipment developed for this purpose.......
How to reduce post harvest losses in food cropsRamabhau Patil
This document discusses ways to reduce post-harvest losses in food crops through proper handling, storage, and value-added processing. It provides examples of technologies that can help, such as fruit graders, banana comb cutters, washing methods, and evaporative cooled storage rooms. It also discusses entrepreneurship opportunities in food processing, such as establishing industries to process fruits and vegetables into products like dried slices, jam, or purees. Successful entrepreneurs who have utilized these techniques are highlighted. Overall recommendations include promoting increased consumption of seasonal produce and processed products, as well as establishing collection and storage enterprises and processing industries near production areas.
Post harvest management and value addition with special reference to asean co...Ramabhau Patil
1. The document discusses post-harvest management and value addition strategies with a focus on ASEAN countries. It summarizes production and post-harvest scenarios in India and key crops in ASEAN countries like rice, fruits and vegetables.
2. Reasons for post-harvest losses during handling and processing of agricultural produce are outlined. Higher value addition through improved post-harvest management can help reduce losses.
3. Common unit operations in post-harvest management of food grains, fruits and vegetables are described including harvesting, drying, storage and transportation methods.
Entrepreneurship Opportunities in Horticultural Crop Processing Ramabhau Patil
Help effective backward linkages with small holder farmers for processing their raw produce
Reduce post harvest losses and increase availability of by products for further processing.
Can provide processed food of highest quality at affordable cost to consumers
Help environment by needing least food miles
Ensure traceability of raw materials used for processed product suitable for export and elite urban market.
Shorten the supply chain, increase the profitability of farmers and ultimately increase from GDP from agriculture and help to reduce poverty
Mpkv lecture 1 advances in processing of horticultural produceRamabhau Patil
The document discusses advances in processing horticultural produce in India. It notes that while India produces large quantities of food grains and fruits/vegetables, post-harvest losses of 10-25% represent a significant economic loss. Improving processing and storage infrastructure could help reduce these losses. Some key processing technologies and equipment described include machines for garlic processing, mango and tomato processing, onion and vegetable dehydration, pulping fruits, and minimal processing of fruits like pomegranate and ber. Unit operations for horticultural processing and innovative technologies to add value to crops like aloe vera and spices are also summarized.
Modern packaging techniques with special reference to bananaRamabhau Patil
The document discusses post-harvest management and packaging techniques for bananas in India. It notes that bananas experience high post-harvest losses during transport, storage, and retail. It then discusses various packaging methods that can help reduce losses, including modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), vacuum packaging, and evaporative cooling. MAP and vacuum packaging can extend shelf life by controlling gas exchange and moisture. The document also recommends developing proper washing, packaging, and transportation systems for bananas in India to minimize losses during post-harvest handling.
- Post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables in India amount to Rs. 45,000 crores annually, which can be reduced by better post-harvest management, processing, and cold chain infrastructure.
- Proper post-harvest handling like sorting, grading, pre-cooling, packaging, cold storage and refrigerated transportation is needed to reduce losses and extend shelf-life.
- Technologies discussed include mobile and evaporative cooled cold storage units, solar dryers, packaging methods like shrink wrapping and MAP, and value-addition processes for products like pickles, sauces and powders.
- The document provides examples of individuals and companies successfully utilizing post-harvest technologies in India.
Entrepreneurship opportunities in post harvest technologies of plantation cropsRamabhau Patil
This document discusses opportunities for entrepreneurship in post-harvest technologies for plantation crops in India. It notes that India is a major producer of foods but has low levels of processing. Agro-processing in production areas can shorten supply chains and increase farmer profits. The document promotes mechanization to substitute for scarce labor and lists various mechanized technologies for operations like digging, lifting, and dehusking coconuts. It also describes processing methods for commodities like copra, coconut products, spices, areca nuts, cashews, and cocoa. The document recommends establishing incubation facilities to provide hands-on training to upcoming entrepreneurs on these processing technologies.
This document discusses food processing technologies that could help reduce post-harvest losses in Madhya Pradesh and generate employment. It outlines India's large production of food grains and fruits/vegetables but low level of processing at 10%. Technologies presented include an evaporatively cooled storage room, fruit/vegetable graders, garlic processing machines, onion dewatering and drying, mango cutting machines, crushed tomato processing, and green chili powder/puree production. It recommends developing rural agro processing centers, infrastructure for sorting/packaging/storage, and facilitating direct marketing to reduce losses and support micro enterprises.
In coming years, precision horticulture may help the Indian farmer to harvest the fruits of frontier technology without compromising the quality of land and produce. In the overall perspective, with the introduction and adoption of modern technologies, agriculture sector is expected to achieve a vertical growth.
Dr. R. T. Patil discusses the importance of pulses in the Indian diet and processing of legumes into pulses. Pulses are a major source of protein supplementary to cereals and India contributes 25% of global pulse production. However, domestic demand is higher than production. Processing legumes improves appearance, cooking quality, and makes them less susceptible to pests. It involves cleaning, conditioning, dehulling, splitting, and grading. Pre-treatments like soaking and chemicals improve dal recovery rates. Small capacity mills have been designed for rural processing but have issues like losses and breakage. Proper harvesting, storage, and transportation methods help maintain quality.
This document discusses post-harvest technology for citrus fruits in India. It notes that India is a major producer of fruits and vegetables but has low levels of processing. It then discusses various aspects of citrus post-harvest handling and processing including harvesting, cleaning, waxing, drying, sorting, packaging, storage, transportation and value-added processing into products like juices, jam, jelly and marmalade. It also discusses maturity indices for determining optimal harvest times and describes some technologies developed for tasks like fruit grading. Finally, it discusses potential health benefits and uses of citrus peels and seeds.
Introduction to postharvest management and technologynazmulhrt
The contribution of horticulture remains extremely important for ensuring food and
nutritional security in Bangladesh. Horticultural crops in Bangladesh cover an area of 873
thousand hectares with a total production of 110 lakh metric tons (Monthly Statistical
Bulletin 2009). The desired level of development in horticulture has not yet been achieved
because of a number of constraints. Due to absence of proper postharvest management
system, a bulk quantity of the harvested produce is damaged every year. More
importantly, lack of proper storage and marketing facilities, and seasonal gluts force the
farmers to sell their hard-earned produce at throw-away prices. The food and nutrition
situation in Bangladesh is fragile due to inadequate and imbalanced diet intake.
Consumption of a diversified diet to meet the needs of macro and micro nutrients needs to
be promoted (Bhattacherjee et al. 2007; NFP 2008; BDHS 2009).
Fruits and vegetables are highly valued in human diet mainly for vitamins and minerals.
However, the present consumption of fruits and vegetables in Bangladesh is 126
g/day/capita (23 g leafy vegetables, 89 g non-leafy vegetables and 14 g fruit), which is far
below the minimum average requirement of 400 g/day/capita (FAO/WHO 2003).
However, according to HIES (2005), the consumption of fruits and vegetables including
potato is 253 g/day/capita, which indicates a poor dietary status in Bangladesh. In this
regard, the high levels of low birth weight (33%), underweight (41%), stunting (43%) and
wasting (17%) among children less than five years; anemia among infants, young children,
adolescent girls and pregnant women; and poor diet diversification are of particular
concerns (BDHS 2009; BCIP 2010). The prevalence of overweight (12.5%) among
women that has increased by 10% between 2004 and 2007 also indicate the existence of
double burden of malnutrition in Bangladesh (BDHS 2009). A large proportion of
Bangladeshi population is food insecure due to poor diet quality. The usual diet is heavily
dependent on rice, and most of the energy in the diet is contributed by cereals. Rice
accounts for 68% of the total calorie consumption in the year 2005. Therefore, even
though rice is not a good source of protein, it constitutes about half of total protein
consumption in the diet. High prevalence of micronutrient deficiency i.e. hidden hunger is
common in the society, and the situation could be improved significantly by increasing the
consumption of high quality and micronutrient-rich foods like fruits and vegetables. Due to tropical and subtropical climates, a variety of fruits and vegetables are grown in
Bangladesh. Unfortunately, a considerable proportion of the harvested produce never
reaches the consumers mainly because of postharvest losses. The estimated postharvest
losses of fruits and vegetables lie in the range of 20-40% (Wills et al. 2004). Hence, there
is general support among scientists for the proposition that
The document provides information on the harvesting and processing of cashew nuts. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Cashew apples are harvested approximately two months after fertilization when the fruits have ripened. The fallen fruits are then collected by hand.
2) After harvesting, the nuts need to be dried properly in the sun for 3-4 days to reduce the moisture content below 9% to prevent fungus growth.
3) The dried nuts then undergo processing which includes shelling, drying of kernels to remove the testa, grading of kernels by size and quality, and packing in airtight containers to extend the shelf life. Proper hygiene and safety measures are followed during each processing step.
Present status and future prospects of modern day horticulture hhabibullah181
This document discusses the present status and future prospects of horticulture. It begins by defining horticulture and its major branches. It then discusses how technology has revolutionized horticulture through innovations like tractors, biotechnology, and greenhouses. Recent technological advances discussed include sensors to detect plant diseases, automated harvesting robots, and augmented reality tools. The document also outlines Pakistan's fruit production industry and exports, noting its potential for sustainable economic growth. It identifies citrus and mango as major crops and exports. Finally, it states that horticulture's future in Pakistan depends on addressing current issues and looks to international groups like ISHS for knowledge sharing.
Carbohydrates: Valuable energy source with lower glycemic index compared to grains like rice and wheat helping in better blood sugar control.
Proteins: Millets are relatively rich in protein, particularly when compared to rice and wheat. They provide essential amino acids, making them a valuable protein source.
Dietary Fiber: Millets are packed with dietary fiber, both soluble and insoluble aiding in digestion and supports overall gastrointestinal health.
Fats: Millets contain healthy fats, including essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. These fats play a role in various bodily functions, including cell membrane structure and inflammation regulation.
Novel Biomolecules from Horticultural Crops Ramabhau Patil
They are involved in various physiological processes, such as metabolism, immune response, and DNA repair.
Biomolecules from horticultural crops, including vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids, have been linked to numerous health benefits.
They can act as antioxidants, reducing oxidative stress and lowering the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer.
Biomolecules are used in pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements, highlighting their significance in therapeutics and health.
If one considers small holdings as your ancillaries and develop a central processing, value addition and forward marketing linkages, the organic farming will be one of the most profitable venture.
This document discusses production and processing of unripe bananas into value-added products to reduce post-harvest losses. It describes how unripe bananas can be processed into chips, flour, and jam. The process for each product is outlined, along with their health benefits and uses. Challenges in production such as maintaining quality and shelf life are discussed along with recommendations to address them like careful handling, proper drying and storage. The document concludes that banana processing can provide opportunities for rural entrepreneurs given growing demand for healthy banana products.
This document summarizes several post-harvest research institutions in India and around the world. It discusses the Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology in Mumbai, which conducts research on cotton post-harvest processing and technologies. It also mentions the Central Institute of Fisheries Technology in Kochi, which focuses on fisheries from harvest to post-harvest. Additionally, it outlines the Division of Post Harvest Technology at IARI in New Delhi and the AICRP on Post Harvest Technology project coordinated in Ludhiana, which aims to reduce food losses. Finally, it briefly describes the Canadian Wheat Board Centre for Grain Storage Research in Manitoba, which takes a multi-disciplinary approach to preserving stored grain.
This summary provides an overview of post-harvest institutions around the world from the given document:
The document discusses several prominent post-harvest research and education institutions from India, the United States, and Israel. These include the ADM Institute for the Prevention of Postharvest Loss in Illinois, USA which focuses on reducing losses in staple crops. It also mentions the Central Food Technological Research Institute in Mysore, India and the Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology in Ludhiana, India as leading Indian institutions. Finally, it briefly discusses the Postharvest Technology Center at UC Davis and the Volcani Institute Post-Harvest Innovations in Israel.
This document discusses production and processing of unripe bananas into value-added products to reduce post-harvest losses. It describes how unripe bananas can be processed into chips, flour, and jam. The process for each product is outlined, along with their health benefits and uses. Challenges in production such as maintaining quality and shelf life are discussed along with recommendations to address them like careful handling, proper drying and storage. The document concludes that banana processing is a growing industry that can offer opportunities for rural entrepreneurs.
This document discusses India's production and post-harvest scenario for perishable goods and the need for cold chain management. It notes that India is a major producer of fruits and vegetables but suffers significant post-harvest losses of 3-18% due to lack of cold storage and processing. It then outlines various components of an integrated cold chain including pre-cooling, cold storage, distribution, and marketing. Specific technologies are described that can help reduce losses for small-scale farmers such as mobile cooling chambers, evaporative cooled storage structures, and earth tubes for cooling. Benefits of cooling produce and its effects on storage life are also summarized.
Approaches for Commercialization of Post Harvest TechnologiesRamabhau Patil
This document discusses approaches for commercialization of post-harvest technologies. It outlines that most rural agribusinesses are small and independently operated. It describes the uniqueness of post-harvest technologies, including low risk, constant demand, and high sanitary standards. The document also discusses entrepreneurship, characteristics of successful entrepreneurs including drive, self-confidence, and risk-taking. It provides advice on project selection, market surveys, small business management, reasons why agribusinesses fail, words of advice, and sources of assistance.
This document discusses modern food processing technologies that can help increase value addition and exports of Indian agricultural products. It describes emerging technologies like pulse electric field processing, high pressure processing, ultrasound, and nano-technologies that can help improve food quality and safety while minimizing negative impacts on flavors and textures. The document also outlines various applications of these technologies like increasing shelf life, extracting bioactive compounds, and controlling foodborne pathogens. Overall, it promotes adoption of advanced processing methods for Indian commodities to boost agricultural competitiveness and meet growing domestic food demands.
1. The document discusses various processing techniques for medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) and non-timber forest products (NTFPs), including methods for extraction, concentration, drying, and size reduction.
2. It describes specific equipment for tasks like extraction, drying, grinding, and solvent extraction. Precautions are recommended for extraction to preserve active ingredients.
3. Value-added products are discussed from MAPs and NTFPs like essential oils, medicines, fibers, and more. Challenges like inadequate infrastructure for storage and processing are also covered.
Medicinal and herbal crops are traditional bio wealth for India and its proper processing is very important to preserve it and reduce loss and deterioration in their quality...........
The large quantity of biomass equal to almost two times the production food material is a very good raw material for production of energy in rural sector
Innovations temporary storage of food grains ciphetRamabhau Patil
The document discusses various innovations in temporary food grain storage. It outlines traditional methods like cover and plinth storage as well as more modern options like flexible silos, prefabricated warehouses, cocoons, and large plastic membrane bags. Temporary storage structures need to carefully control grain temperature and moisture to prevent spoilage during storage. The color of storage covers impacts internal temperatures, with white reducing heating. More research is needed to identify appropriate temporary storage solutions for different Indian conditions.
This document discusses hybrid cold chain solutions for preservation of fruits and vegetables in India. It begins by noting that India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally but also experiences significant post-harvest losses of 3-18% due to lack of cold storage and processing infrastructure. It then outlines various components of an integrated cold chain including pre-cooling, cold storage, distribution and marketing. Specific low-cost solutions are presented, such as mobile cool chambers, evaporative cooled storage structures, and earth tubes for cooling. Examples of farmers using these solutions are also provided. The document emphasizes that growing processable varieties and providing low-cost cool storage is key to increasing processing levels and reducing post-harvest losses in India.
This presentation covers the post harvest technologies for food grain, spices, horticultural crops and also technologies for safe storage foods grains...........
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
FREE A4 Cyber Security Awareness Posters-Social Engineering part 3Data Hops
Free A4 downloadable and printable Cyber Security, Social Engineering Safety and security Training Posters . Promote security awareness in the home or workplace. Lock them Out From training providers datahops.com
FREE A4 Cyber Security Awareness Posters-Social Engineering part 3
Drudgery reduction technologies for post harvest agriculture
1. Dr. R. T. Patil,
Ex Director CIPHET, Ludhiana;
Chairman, Benevole Welfare Society for Post
Harvest Technology, Bhopal (MP)
Drudgery Reduction Technologies
For Post Harvest Operations
2. Indian Agriculture
• Dominated by Small holder farmers with average land
holding of 1.08 ha.
• 82% farmers are small (<2ha) and marginal farmers (<1 ha).
• In production agriculture hiring of modern drudgery free
equipment is possible due to broader period of operations
• In post harvest agriculture traditional practices are
preferred, due to very small window & need to sell the
produce at the earliest.
• Farmers don’t get premium price for better quality product
hence not motivated to do post harvest operations
themselves.
• This results in low income to farmers, high PH losses in
supply chain and higher cost to the consumers
3. What is drudgery?
Drudgery is termed as hard work,
monotonous work, time consuming
work, using traditional tools and
equipment with inappropriate
working posture in field resulting in
inefficiency and losses i.e. lower
quantity and quality of the produce.
4. Post Harvest Operations
Food Grains
•Harvesting at Maturity
•Proper threshing
•Post thresh cleaning
•Proper drying
•Safe storage
Processing & Value
addition
Fruits and Vegetables
•Harvesting at Maturity
•Safe harvesting
•Pre cooling & washing
•Surface drying
•Cool/cold storage
•Safe transport
•Safe handling
Value Addition to Main &
Byproducts
5. Post Harvest Losses
Commodity Increase in
Production, %
Quantitative
Post Harvest
Losses, %
Cereals 3.68 3.9-6.0
Pulses 9.64 4.3-6.1
Oil seeds 0.02 2.8-10.1
Fruits 4.14 5.8-18.1
Vegetables 4.70 6.9-13.0
Losses are mainly due to non use of efficient drudgery
free technologies
7. Method of Determining Maturity of
Mango in Tree
• Eating quality and postharvest shelf life
of ripe mango depends on its maturity
at harvest
• Change of peel color and total soluble
solids (TSS) are indicative parameters
to measure maturity of mango.
• A maturity index was defined based on
TSS and colour values.
• The model was developed to predict
maturity using colourimeter
• Colour and maturity index chart were
also developed to determine maturity
• This technique can be employed for
sorting of mangoes .
Capacity
About 100 mangoes per hour
8. Fruit Saving Gadgets
After plucking
from tree, fruit is
dropped in the
trough of fruit
saver and
collected in a
box/container.
The fruits are graded on size basis at
appropriate places. Smallest grade fruit is
collected first and largest grade is collected in
last
9. Banana-Comb (Hand) Cutter
It is an useful to de-stem the comb from the banana bunch. It
replaces the use of sickle, which was much labor and time
consuming.
It is safe for human and banana hands and can be used for faster
work. 100 to 120 banana bunches can be de-handed per hour.
Saves 10 to 15 banana-fingers per bunch (i. e. 2 to 8 % reduction
in cutting losses of banana fruits)
10. CIPHET Tomato Grader
• The tomatoes roll down the pipes
due to gravity and fall immediately
wherever they find the space of their
diameter.
• Grades 3: 25-40 mm, 40-55 mm, 55-
70 mm and > 70 mm
• The collector is inclined at 10° so
that the tomatoes slide directly in
crates.
• The important feature of grader is its
ability to adjust the gap between the
pipes and inclination of grading table
and hopper.
• It can also be used for other round
fruits and vegetables.
Capacity: of 325 kg/hr
11. Hand Tool for Pomegranate Aril
Extraction
Capacity 10 kg/h
12. Sitaphal Peeling Machine
Removing the sitaphal seeds and pulp automatically without
disturbing the pulp texture. Capacity: 120Kg/hr, Efficiency: 94%
pulp recovery, Coarse / Intact Pulp recovery: 70-72%; Fine Pulp
recovery: 28-30%. The machine is licensed to NEXTGEN Drying
System, Pune
13. Aloe Vera Gel Extractor
•Aloe vara gel should be extracted
within 6 hours and processing must
be completed within 36 hours.
•An inner clear gel that contains
99% water and rest made of
glucomannans, amino acids, lipids,
sterols, vitamins etc.
•The equipment capacity 200-
225kg gel/h (900-1000 leaves/h) for
motorised and 100kg gel/h (400-
450 leaves/h) for manual machine.
•The extracted gel is clean and
without any physical damage.
14. Threshing of Grain
Thresher for separating wheat, peas, soybeans, and
other small grain and seed crops from their chaff and
straw
15. Winnowing of Threshed
Grain
Uncleaned grain deteriorates faster, affects further
processing, gets less price and some times creates
the crisis as happened in Odisha in higher brokens
in rice milling
17. Storage of Grain
The modern storage bag of 1 T capacity is made
of multilayer plastic with a barrier layer. It has a two-track
zipper and is sealed using a zipper slider. It can store
commodities for prolonged periods without the risk of
moisture ingress, pest infestation and fungal growth.
19. Evaporatively Cooled Room for Storage of
Fruits and Vegetables
Compared on the basis of 10%
physiological loss in weight (PLW) the
shelf life inside the room was 34 days
for early kinnow, 23 days for late
kinnow, 11 days for cauliflower and 4
days for spinach as compared to 21,
11, 5 and 2 days respectively in an
ordinary room at the same time.
The summer temperature inside the EC room was 5-8C lower than
that inside the ordinary room and winter temperature was 5-8 C
higher than that inside the ordinary room.
Drudgery Involved in Frequest Visits to Market or Distress
Sale is Avoided
20. • Easy to use and drudgery free technologies are must
in post harvest operations to increase farmers
income and reduce post harvest losses
• Winnowers, vegetable washers, wheel barrows and
portable conveyors may be made available in village
panchayat for use by small farmers
• Incentives may be provided for adopting modern
storage technologies for grains and vegetables at
farmers level
Conclusion &
Recommendations