The document discusses various drilling, boring, and reaming machines and operations. It describes the working principles of drilling and how it is used to cut circular holes. It outlines different types of drilling machines like sensitive drilling machines, upright drilling machines, radial drilling machines, and gang drilling machines. It also discusses boring machines, reaming operations, and the various types of reamers.
presentation on drilling ,reaming ,boring in detail..appu kumar
This document discusses drilling, boring, and reaming operations. It provides details on various types of drilling machines like sensitive drilling machines, upright drilling machines, radial drilling machines, and gang type drilling machines. It describes boring machines like horizontal and vertical boring machines. It also discusses reaming operations and different types of reamers like straight, hand, machine, shell, and tapered reamers. The document is submitted by an engineering student for their class and contains information on machining processes and machines.
PLZ LIKE AND COMMENT BELOW
The drilling machine is an imporatant part of engineering specially fo machines.
the dilling machine is taken in use for making a hole in the product.
it can use in multiple sizes and standards according to the need.
I hope this will help you to get all your required information plz like it and share it.
Connect with me on :
Youtube: Harshal Bhatt
Instagram: harshalbhatt_official
Twitter: HarshalBhatt318
Snapchat: harshalbhatt31
The document discusses drilling and boring machines. It describes how drilling machines are used to produce circular holes in workpieces using rotating cutters called drills. Different types of drilling machines are described, including portable drilling machines, sensitive bench drilling machines, upright drilling machines, radial drilling machines, gang drilling machines, turret drilling machines, and deep hole drilling machines. The document also covers topics such as tool nomenclature, drilling operations, tool holding devices, work holding devices, drill types, and reaming.
The document discusses various types of drilling machines and their operations. It describes portable, sensitive, upright, radial, gang, multi-spindle, automatic and turret drilling machines. It also covers drilling machine components like drill bits, tool holding, work holding devices and common operations like drilling, reaming, boring, counter boring and tapping. Drilling machines are used to create holes in workpieces by forcing a rotating drill bit into the material. Proper clamping and setup is required for accurate drilling.
presentation on drilling ,reaming ,boring in detail..appu kumar
This document discusses drilling, boring, and reaming operations. It provides details on various types of drilling machines like sensitive drilling machines, upright drilling machines, radial drilling machines, and gang type drilling machines. It describes boring machines like horizontal and vertical boring machines. It also discusses reaming operations and different types of reamers like straight, hand, machine, shell, and tapered reamers. The document is submitted by an engineering student for their class and contains information on machining processes and machines.
PLZ LIKE AND COMMENT BELOW
The drilling machine is an imporatant part of engineering specially fo machines.
the dilling machine is taken in use for making a hole in the product.
it can use in multiple sizes and standards according to the need.
I hope this will help you to get all your required information plz like it and share it.
Connect with me on :
Youtube: Harshal Bhatt
Instagram: harshalbhatt_official
Twitter: HarshalBhatt318
Snapchat: harshalbhatt31
The document discusses drilling and boring machines. It describes how drilling machines are used to produce circular holes in workpieces using rotating cutters called drills. Different types of drilling machines are described, including portable drilling machines, sensitive bench drilling machines, upright drilling machines, radial drilling machines, gang drilling machines, turret drilling machines, and deep hole drilling machines. The document also covers topics such as tool nomenclature, drilling operations, tool holding devices, work holding devices, drill types, and reaming.
The document discusses various types of drilling machines and their operations. It describes portable, sensitive, upright, radial, gang, multi-spindle, automatic and turret drilling machines. It also covers drilling machine components like drill bits, tool holding, work holding devices and common operations like drilling, reaming, boring, counter boring and tapping. Drilling machines are used to create holes in workpieces by forcing a rotating drill bit into the material. Proper clamping and setup is required for accurate drilling.
The drilling machine or drill press is one of the most common and useful machine employed in industry for producing forming and finishing holes in a workpiece.
The document discusses the shaper machine, which is a reciprocating machine tool used to produce flat surfaces. It has a ram, tool head, and table. The tool head cuts on the forward stroke and returns idle on the back stroke. Flat surfaces can be made horizontally, vertically, or at angles based on the movement of the tool head and table. Shapers are classified based on ram travel direction and cutting stroke action. Other machine tools discussed include the planer, slotter, drilling machines, and broaching.
The document discusses the shaper machine, which is a reciprocating machine tool used to produce flat surfaces. It has a ram, tool head, and table. The tool head cuts on the forward stroke and returns idle on the back stroke. Flat surfaces can be made horizontally, vertically, or at angles based on the movement of the tool head and table. Shapers are classified based on ram travel direction and cutting stroke action. Other machine tools discussed include the planer, slotter, drilling machines, and broaching machines.
This document provides information about drilling machines. It begins with an introduction that defines drilling and drilling machines. It then describes the working principle of rotating drills. The document categorizes different types of drilling machines, including table top, pillar, column, radial, CNC column, hand, gang, turret, and deep hole drilling machines. It explains common operations performed on drilling machines like drilling, reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, and lapping. Finally, it outlines applications of drilling machines like making holes of various sizes and slots.
This document provides information about various machining processes and machine tools. It describes machining as a metal removing process using machine tools and cutting tools. Lathe machines are commonly used to produce cylindrical surfaces and other operations like turning, drilling, boring, etc. Other machine tools discussed include milling machines, drilling machines, grinding machines, shaping machines, and planning machines. The document provides detailed descriptions of various operations that can be performed on these machines.
shaping, milling and gear cutting machineslaxtwinsme
Shaper – Types of operations. Drilling, reaming, boring, Tapping. Milling operations-types of milling cutter. Gear cutting – forming and generation principle and construction of gear milling ,hobbing and gear shaping processes –finishing of gears.
Lecture 4 - Manufacturing Processes -Material Removal Processes and Analysis....MuhammadAwaisNaveedA
The document discusses various manufacturing processes including lathe, milling, drilling, and turning operations. It provides details on the main components and processes for lathe, milling, and drilling machines. For lathe, it describes the headstock, tailstock, tool post, carriage, and ways. For milling, it covers peripheral, face, up, and down milling. For drilling, it outlines drilling tools, drill presses, and related operations like reaming and tapping. It also includes analysis of machining processes and example problems.
This document discusses drilling machines and drilling operations. It describes different types of drilling machines including bench drilling machines, radial drilling machines, and upright drilling machines. It also covers drilling tools and operations such as reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, spot facing and tapping. Safety precautions for operating drilling machines and definitions of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are provided.
internship report on working & types of drilling machineprabhatkumarsamal
The document discusses different types of drilling machines and their uses. It describes portable drilling machines, bench drilling machines, upright drilling machines, and radial drilling machines. It provides details on the working principles, parts, specifications, operations, and applications of drilling machines. Drilling machines are used to drill holes in workpieces and can perform operations like drilling, boring, reaming, counterboring, countersinking, spot facing and tapping.
Here are the calculations:
1. Cutting speed for CS 90 steel = 45 m/min
D = 15mm
S = 45 m/min
N = (S x 1000)/(π x D)
= (45 x 1000)/(3.142 x 15)
= 1000 rev/min
2. D = 10mm
N = 178 rev/min
S = π x D x N/1000
= 3.142 x 10 x 178/1000
= 56.26 m/min
3. D = 9mm, N = 180 rev/min
S = π x D x N/1000 = 3.142 x 9 x 180/1000 = 50.
The document discusses drilling machines, including their history, parts, operation, working principle, types, and safety precautions. It describes how drilling machines hold and rotate drill bits to cut holes in materials. Key parts include the head, spindle, drill chuck, and table. Operations include drilling, boring, reaming, counterboring, tapping, and trepanning. Types include portable, upright, radial, and gang drilling machines. Safety precautions when using drilling machines are also outlined.
Nota berkaitan dengan kaedah drilling untuk sem 1qhairulshafiq
The document discusses drilling operations and drill bits. It defines the parts of a drill bit including the point, shank, body, flutes, and angles. It explains how drill sizes are stated based on factors like shank type, flute type, length, and application. The document also covers how to mark out for drilling, methods of holding drill bits, calculating spindle speed and feed rate, types of coolants, and safety procedures. It discusses work holding devices for drilling like v-blocks and different types of drilling jigs.
This document provides lecture notes on workshop practice II, covering drilling operations and welding processes. It discusses drilling machine types, drilling geometry, cutting conditions, feed and speed, operations like drilling and reaming. It also covers welding principles like fusion and pressure welding, classification into oxy-acetylene, shielded metal arc, MIG and TIG welding. Key details are provided on welding processes, inert gas shielding, and consumable electrodes.
The document discusses drilling operations and drilling machines. It describes how drilling is used to create circular holes using a rotating cutter called a drill. It outlines different types of drilling machines like portable, sensitive, radial, and upright drilling machines. It also discusses different types of drills, drilling operations, workholding devices used in drilling, and basic safety procedures for operating drilling machines.
The document discusses various types of drilling machines and their operations. It describes (1) the working principle of drilling machines which remove metal by shearing and extrusion using a rotating drill, (2) the main components of a bench drilling machine including its base, column, chuck, and work table, and (3) common types of drilling machines such as portable, sensitive, radial, gang, and turret drilling machines used for different applications.
The document discusses drilling machines and drilling operations. It describes:
1) The main components of drilling machines including the spindle, sleeve, column, head, worktable, and base.
2) The different types of drilling machines such as sensitive drilling machines, upright drilling machines, radial drilling machines, and machine based on construction and feed.
3) The operations that can be performed on drilling machines including drilling, reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, and tapping.
4) Workholding devices, drill materials, tool nomenclature, parameters like cutting speed and feed rate, and precautions for safe drilling machine operation.
Drilling is the operation of producing circular holes using a rotating cutter called a drill. There are different types of drilling machines based on their construction and feed mechanisms, including sensitive drilling machines, upright drilling machines, and radial drilling machines. Drilling machines have components like the spindle, sleeve, column, head, worktable, and base. Work holding devices like vices, clamps, and jigs are used to securely hold the workpiece for drilling operations such as drilling, reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, and tapping.
Drilling is the operation of producing holes using a rotating drill bit. There are different types of drilling machines based on their construction and feed mechanisms, including sensitive drilling machines, upright drilling machines, and radial drilling machines. Drilling machines contain components like the spindle, sleeve, column, head, worktable, and base. Work holding devices are used to securely hold workpieces for drilling and include vices, clamps, blocks, and jigs. Important drilling operations include drilling, reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, and tapping.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
The drilling machine or drill press is one of the most common and useful machine employed in industry for producing forming and finishing holes in a workpiece.
The document discusses the shaper machine, which is a reciprocating machine tool used to produce flat surfaces. It has a ram, tool head, and table. The tool head cuts on the forward stroke and returns idle on the back stroke. Flat surfaces can be made horizontally, vertically, or at angles based on the movement of the tool head and table. Shapers are classified based on ram travel direction and cutting stroke action. Other machine tools discussed include the planer, slotter, drilling machines, and broaching.
The document discusses the shaper machine, which is a reciprocating machine tool used to produce flat surfaces. It has a ram, tool head, and table. The tool head cuts on the forward stroke and returns idle on the back stroke. Flat surfaces can be made horizontally, vertically, or at angles based on the movement of the tool head and table. Shapers are classified based on ram travel direction and cutting stroke action. Other machine tools discussed include the planer, slotter, drilling machines, and broaching machines.
This document provides information about drilling machines. It begins with an introduction that defines drilling and drilling machines. It then describes the working principle of rotating drills. The document categorizes different types of drilling machines, including table top, pillar, column, radial, CNC column, hand, gang, turret, and deep hole drilling machines. It explains common operations performed on drilling machines like drilling, reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, and lapping. Finally, it outlines applications of drilling machines like making holes of various sizes and slots.
This document provides information about various machining processes and machine tools. It describes machining as a metal removing process using machine tools and cutting tools. Lathe machines are commonly used to produce cylindrical surfaces and other operations like turning, drilling, boring, etc. Other machine tools discussed include milling machines, drilling machines, grinding machines, shaping machines, and planning machines. The document provides detailed descriptions of various operations that can be performed on these machines.
shaping, milling and gear cutting machineslaxtwinsme
Shaper – Types of operations. Drilling, reaming, boring, Tapping. Milling operations-types of milling cutter. Gear cutting – forming and generation principle and construction of gear milling ,hobbing and gear shaping processes –finishing of gears.
Lecture 4 - Manufacturing Processes -Material Removal Processes and Analysis....MuhammadAwaisNaveedA
The document discusses various manufacturing processes including lathe, milling, drilling, and turning operations. It provides details on the main components and processes for lathe, milling, and drilling machines. For lathe, it describes the headstock, tailstock, tool post, carriage, and ways. For milling, it covers peripheral, face, up, and down milling. For drilling, it outlines drilling tools, drill presses, and related operations like reaming and tapping. It also includes analysis of machining processes and example problems.
This document discusses drilling machines and drilling operations. It describes different types of drilling machines including bench drilling machines, radial drilling machines, and upright drilling machines. It also covers drilling tools and operations such as reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, spot facing and tapping. Safety precautions for operating drilling machines and definitions of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are provided.
internship report on working & types of drilling machineprabhatkumarsamal
The document discusses different types of drilling machines and their uses. It describes portable drilling machines, bench drilling machines, upright drilling machines, and radial drilling machines. It provides details on the working principles, parts, specifications, operations, and applications of drilling machines. Drilling machines are used to drill holes in workpieces and can perform operations like drilling, boring, reaming, counterboring, countersinking, spot facing and tapping.
Here are the calculations:
1. Cutting speed for CS 90 steel = 45 m/min
D = 15mm
S = 45 m/min
N = (S x 1000)/(π x D)
= (45 x 1000)/(3.142 x 15)
= 1000 rev/min
2. D = 10mm
N = 178 rev/min
S = π x D x N/1000
= 3.142 x 10 x 178/1000
= 56.26 m/min
3. D = 9mm, N = 180 rev/min
S = π x D x N/1000 = 3.142 x 9 x 180/1000 = 50.
The document discusses drilling machines, including their history, parts, operation, working principle, types, and safety precautions. It describes how drilling machines hold and rotate drill bits to cut holes in materials. Key parts include the head, spindle, drill chuck, and table. Operations include drilling, boring, reaming, counterboring, tapping, and trepanning. Types include portable, upright, radial, and gang drilling machines. Safety precautions when using drilling machines are also outlined.
Nota berkaitan dengan kaedah drilling untuk sem 1qhairulshafiq
The document discusses drilling operations and drill bits. It defines the parts of a drill bit including the point, shank, body, flutes, and angles. It explains how drill sizes are stated based on factors like shank type, flute type, length, and application. The document also covers how to mark out for drilling, methods of holding drill bits, calculating spindle speed and feed rate, types of coolants, and safety procedures. It discusses work holding devices for drilling like v-blocks and different types of drilling jigs.
This document provides lecture notes on workshop practice II, covering drilling operations and welding processes. It discusses drilling machine types, drilling geometry, cutting conditions, feed and speed, operations like drilling and reaming. It also covers welding principles like fusion and pressure welding, classification into oxy-acetylene, shielded metal arc, MIG and TIG welding. Key details are provided on welding processes, inert gas shielding, and consumable electrodes.
The document discusses drilling operations and drilling machines. It describes how drilling is used to create circular holes using a rotating cutter called a drill. It outlines different types of drilling machines like portable, sensitive, radial, and upright drilling machines. It also discusses different types of drills, drilling operations, workholding devices used in drilling, and basic safety procedures for operating drilling machines.
The document discusses various types of drilling machines and their operations. It describes (1) the working principle of drilling machines which remove metal by shearing and extrusion using a rotating drill, (2) the main components of a bench drilling machine including its base, column, chuck, and work table, and (3) common types of drilling machines such as portable, sensitive, radial, gang, and turret drilling machines used for different applications.
The document discusses drilling machines and drilling operations. It describes:
1) The main components of drilling machines including the spindle, sleeve, column, head, worktable, and base.
2) The different types of drilling machines such as sensitive drilling machines, upright drilling machines, radial drilling machines, and machine based on construction and feed.
3) The operations that can be performed on drilling machines including drilling, reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, and tapping.
4) Workholding devices, drill materials, tool nomenclature, parameters like cutting speed and feed rate, and precautions for safe drilling machine operation.
Drilling is the operation of producing circular holes using a rotating cutter called a drill. There are different types of drilling machines based on their construction and feed mechanisms, including sensitive drilling machines, upright drilling machines, and radial drilling machines. Drilling machines have components like the spindle, sleeve, column, head, worktable, and base. Work holding devices like vices, clamps, and jigs are used to securely hold the workpiece for drilling operations such as drilling, reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, and tapping.
Drilling is the operation of producing holes using a rotating drill bit. There are different types of drilling machines based on their construction and feed mechanisms, including sensitive drilling machines, upright drilling machines, and radial drilling machines. Drilling machines contain components like the spindle, sleeve, column, head, worktable, and base. Work holding devices are used to securely hold workpieces for drilling and include vices, clamps, blocks, and jigs. Important drilling operations include drilling, reaming, boring, counterboring, countersinking, and tapping.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
3. Drilling
Drilling is a cutting process that uses
a drill bit to cut or enlarge a hole of
circular cross-section in solid
materials. The drill bit is a rotary
cutting tool.
. The bit is pressed against the work
piece and rotated at rates from
hundreds to thousands of revolutions
per minute.
It is estimated that 75 % of all metal
cutting material removed ,comes from
drilling operation
4. Working Principle :-
The rotating edge of the drill
exerts a large force on the
work piece and the hole is
generated.
The removal of metal in a
drilling operation is by
shearing and extrusion.
6. DrillingCharacteristics
The chips must exit out of the hole created by
the cutting.
Chip exit can cause problems when chips are
large and/or continuous.
The drill can wander upon entrance and for
deep holes.
For deep holes in large work pieces, coolant
may need to be delivered through the drill
shaft to the cutting front.
8. Sensitive Drilling machine :-
It is a small machine used for drilling small holes
in light jobs. In this drilling machine, work piece
is mounted on the table and drill is fed into the
work by purely hand control.
High rotating speed of the drill and hand feed
are the major features of sensitive drilling
machine.
.As the operator senses the drilling action in the
work piece, at any instant, it is called sensitive
drilling machine
A sensitive drilling machine consists of a
horizontal table.
Drills of diameter from 1.5 to 15.5 mm can be
rotated in the spindle of sensitive drilling machine.
10. Upright Drilling machine:-
The upright drilling machine is larger and
heavier than a sensitive drilling machine
It is designed for handling medium sized
work piece and is supplied with power feed
arrangement
this machine a large number of spindle
speeds and feeds may be available for
drilling different types of work
Upright drilling machines are available in
various sizes and with various drilling
capacities (ranging up to 75 mm diameter
drills).
12. Radial Drilling machine :-
A Radial drilling machine consists of a
heavy, round vertical column supporting a
horizontal arm that carries the drill head.
The table of radial drilling machine may
also be rotated through 360 deg. The
maximum size of hole that the machine can
drill is not more than 50 mm.
Powerful drive motors are geared directly
into the head of the machine and a wide
range of power feeds are available as well
as sensitive and geared manual feeds.
It is used primarily for drilling medium to
large and heavy work pieces.
14. Gang Type Drilling machine :-
In gang drilling machine, a number of
single spindle drilling machine
columns are placed side by side on a
common base and have a common
worktable.
A series of operation may be
performed on the job by shifting the
work from one position to the other on
the worktable.
a number (2 to 6) of spindles with drills
(of same or different size) in a row are
made to produce number of holes
progressively or simultaneously
16. 5.Multi spindle drilling machine:-
The multiple-spindle drilling machine
is used to drill a number of holes in a
job simultaneously and to reproduce
the same pattern of holes in a number
of identical pieces in a mass
production work.
The entire drilling head works
repeatedly using the same jig for
batch or lot production of a particular
job.
18. Geometry parts of twisted drill :-
Twist drill geometry and its nomenclature are
shown above. twist drill has three
principal parts
(i) Drill point or dead center
(ii) Body
(iii) Shank.
Drill axis is the longitudinal line .
Drill point is the sharpened end of the drill body
consisting of all that part which is shaped to
produce lips, faces and chisel edge.
Lip or cutting edge is the edge formed by the
intersection of the flank and face
Lip length is the minimum distance between the
outer corner and the chisel-edge corner of the
lip.
19. Parts of twisted drill :-
Face is that portion of the flute surface
adjacent to the lip on which the chip impinges
as it is cut from the work.
Chisel edge is the edge formed by the
intersection of the flanks.
Flank is that surface on a drill point which
extends behind the lip to the following flute.
Flutes are the grooves in the body of the drill,
which provide lips, allow the removal ofchips,
and permit cutting fluid to reach the lips.
Flute length is the axial length from the
extreme end of the point to the termination of
the flutes at the shank end of the body.
20. Parts of twisted drill :-
Body is that portion of the drill nomenclature, which extends
from the extreme cutting end to the beginning of the shank.
Shank is that portion of the drill by which it is held and driven,
Heel is the edge formed by the intersection of the flute surface
and the body clearance.
Body clearance is that portion of the body surface reduced in
diameter to provide diametric clearance.
Core or web is the central portion of the drill situated between
the roots of the flutesand extending from the point end towards
the shank; the point end of the core forms the
chisel edge.
Lands are the cylindrically ground surfaces on the leading
edges of the drill flutes..
21. Drilling Operations :-
Drilling :-operation of making a circular hole
by removing a volume of metal from the job
by a rotating cutting tool called drill.
Boring :-Process of enlarging a hole.
Reaming :-Operation of finishing a drilled
hole.
Counter boring :-Operation of boring a
second hole ,larger in diameter than the
first, but concentric with it.
Counter sinking :-Operation of producing an
angular surface at the end of a hole.
Spot facing:-Operation of machining a flat
,circular surface around a hole to provide a
seat for a bolthead, nut or washer.
23. BORING :-
Boring is a process of producing
circular internal profiles on a hole
made by drilling or another process.
It uses single point cutting tool called a
boring bar.
The boring bar can be rotated, or the
work part can be rotated.
Machine tools which rotate the boring
bar against a stationary work piece
are called boring machines (also
boring mills).
24. Boring Machines :-
1.Horizontal boring machine :-
A horizontal boring machine or
horizontal boring mill is a machine tool
which bores holes in a horizontal
direction.
There are three main types — table,
planer and floor.
The table type is the most common
and, as it is the most versatile, it is
also known as the universal type.
Used for drilling ,boring, and milling
operations.
26. Vertical boring machine :-
A large type of boring machine in
which a rotating work piece is
fastened to a horizontal table, which
resembles a four-jaw independent
chuck with extra radial T slots, and the
tool has a traverse motion.
Cutting tools are stationary except for
feed movements.
27. Boring defects :-
1. Poor surface finish
Cutting speed too low, feed rate too
high
,blunt tool ,
2. chatter:-
1. Incorrect front clearance ,lack of
rigidity in boring
3.cracking:-
Improperly applied coolant ,cutting
speed too low
4.Excessive tool wear :-
28. REAMING :-
The process of enlarging the hole is
called reaming. There are many different
types of reamer and they may be
designed for use as a hand tool or in a
machine tool, such as a milling machine
or drill press.
TYPES :-
1.Straight reamer :-
A straight reamer is used to make only a
minor enlargement to a hole. The entry
end of the reamer will have a slight taper,
the length of which will depend on its type
29. Types :-
2.Hand reamer :-A hand reamer has a
longer taper or lead in at the front than a
machine reamer. This is to compensate for
the difficulty of starting a hole by hand
power alone. It also allows the reamer to
start straight and reduce the risk of
breakage. The flutes may be straight or
spiral.
3.Machine reamer:-machine reamer only
has a very slight lead in. Because the
reamer and work piece are pre-aligned by
the machine there is no risk of it wandering
30. Types:-
4.Shell reamer:-Shell reamers are
designed for reaming bearing and
other similar items. They are fluted
almost their whole length.
5. Taper reamer :-A precision tapered
reamer is used to make a tapered hole
to later receive a tapered pin.