Dr. zaghloul ماجستير
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The document discusses reproductive efficiency in sheep breeds in Egypt. It aims to study some hormonal changes that occur during the periparturient period, which describes events before and after parturition. This period involves complex hormone interactions regulating lactation, milk production, and reproductive performance. Pregnancy and lactation place a high demand on the animal system, as nutrient requirements increase towards the end of pregnancy. Hormonal dysregulation of carbohydrate metabolism has been linked to ketosis in multiple pregnant sheep. The study aims to provide insights into hormonal variations during the periparturient phase.
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Dr. zaghloul ماجستير
- 1. هُ إ بُ إسُْب حَس وحَس هُ إ فَس للحَّهِ ُهَف ل يح اَسعَس لحُْب كَّهوَس تَسيَس نحُْب مَس وَس حهُ إ بُ إسُْب حَس وحَس هُ إ فَس للحَّهِ ُهَف ل يح اَسعَس لحُْب كَّهوَس تَسيَس نحُْب مَس وَس ح لِّ كُ إلِ ُهَف حللَّهُ إ لح اَس عَس جَس دحُْب قَس هحِ ُهَفرِ ُهَف مُْب أَس غحُ إ لِ ُهَفلابَس للحَّهَس نح اَّه إِ ُهَف حلِّ كُ إلِ ُهَف حللَّهُ إ لح اَس عَس جَس دحُْب قَس هحِ ُهَفرِ ُهَف مُْب أَس غحُ إ لِ ُهَفلابَس للحَّهَس نح اَّه إِ ُهَف ح اًدارُْب قَس ءحٍ ق يُْب شَساًدارُْب قَس ءحٍ ق يُْب شَس “ ”العظيم ا صدق“ ”العظيم ا صدق سورةسورةالطل قالطل قآيةآية””33““
- 2. Zaghloul Ahmed Abd Almoneim KhedrZaghloul Ahmed Abd Almoneim Khedr زغلولح أحمدح عبدح المنعمح خضرزغلولح أحمدح عبدح المنعمح خضر
- 3. Under supervision ofUnder supervision of Prof. Dr.Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Fatouh HassanIbrahim Fatouh Hassan Professor of BiochemistryProfessor of Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafr El-Sheikh, Tanta UniversityKafr El-Sheikh, Tanta University Prof. Dr.Prof. Dr. Shawky Abd El-Hady MahmoudShawky Abd El-Hady Mahmoud Professor of PhysiologyProfessor of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafr El-Sheikh, Tanta UniversityKafr El-Sheikh, Tanta University Dr.Dr. Michel Fahmy SaadMichel Fahmy Saad Assistant Professor of PhysiologyAssistant Professor of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafr El-Sheikh, Tanta UniversityKafr El-Sheikh, Tanta University
- 5. duction حin حsheep حhad حreceived حmuch حattention حin حEgypt حowing حto حtheduction حin حsheep حhad حreceived حmuch حattention حin حEgypt حowing حto حth حas حa حsource حof حmeat حand حwool. حIncreasing حthe حreproductive حeffici حas حa حsource حof حmeat حand حwool. حIncreasing حthe حreproductive حeffici حbreeds حof حsheep حneeds حsome حidentification حof حthe حcharacteristic حcha حbreeds حof حsheep حneeds حsome حidentification حof حthe حcharacteristic حcha productive حcycle حincluding حsome حhormonal حaspects حunder حthe حinflueproductive حcycle حincluding حsome حhormonal حaspects حunder حthe حinflu ent حfactors.ent حfactors. eriparturient حperiod حparticularly حdescribes حthe حevents حthat حoccurperiparturient حperiod حparticularly حdescribes حthe حevents حthat حoccur حperior حto حand حfollowing حparturition, حcomplex حsynchronous حhos حperior حto حand حfollowing حparturition, حcomplex حsynchronous حho es حoccur حduring حthese حperiods. حThese حhormones حregulate حlactoes حoccur حduring حthese حperiods. حThese حhormones حregulate حlacto rition, حpostpartum حmilk حproduction حand حreproductive حperformance.rition, حpostpartum حmilk حproduction حand حreproductive حperformance. ancy حand حlactation حstages حproduce حgreat حoverload حon حthe حanimal حsystancy حand حlactation حstages حproduce حgreat حoverload حon حthe حanimal حsyst s حincluding حliver. حs حincluding حliver. ح حneutrient ح حrequirements حat حthe حend حof حpregnancy حare حabout ح75% ح حneutrient ح حrequirements حat حthe حend حof حpregnancy حare حabout ح75% ح n حthe حnon حpregnant حanimals حof حthe حsame حweightin حthe حnon حpregnant حanimals حof حthe حsame حweight.. tion حeven حimposes حa حgreat حdemand, حlactose حproduction حalone حneeds حabtion حeven حimposes حa حgreat حdemand, حlactose حproduction حalone حneeds حab ucose حper حday حfor حsheep حwith حtwin حlambsucose حper حday حfor حsheep حwith حtwin حlambs.. igh حdemand حfor حenergy حin حmultiple حpregnant حsheep (حcarrying حmore حtigh حdemand حfor حenergy حin حmultiple حpregnant حsheep (حcarrying حmore حt حtowards حthe حend حof حpregnancy حand حhormonal حdysregulation حof حf حtowards حthe حend حof حpregnancy حand حhormonal حdysregulation حof ح hydrate حmetabolism حhave حbeen حconsidered حas حthe حmost حimportant حpathydrate حmetabolism حhave حbeen حconsidered حas حthe حmost حimportant حpat s حleading حto حclinical حketosiss حleading حto حclinical حketosis..
- 7. SoSo The حaim حof حthis حstudy حis حto حthrough حa حlight حon حThe حaim حof حthis حstudy حis حto حthrough حa حlight حon ح some حhormonal حchanges حwhich حoccur حduring حsome حhormonal حchanges حwhich حoccur حduring ح periparturient حperiod حand حalso حthe حvariations حperiparturient حperiod حand حalso حthe حvariations ح occur حbetween حsingle حand حtwins حbearing حewes. حoccur حbetween حsingle حand حtwins حbearing حewes. ح
- 9. The حpresent حstudy حwas حcarried حThe حpresent حstudy حwas حcarried ح ononAnimaAnima Eleven حmature حcrossbred (حRahmany حx حRomanofe)Eleven حmature حcrossbred (حRahmany حx حRomanofe) pregnant حewespregnant حewes Aged حfrom ح 5ح –ح 3حyearsAged حfrom ح 5ح –ح 3حyears They حgivesThey حgives 6 حtwin6 حtwin 4 حSingle4 حSingle One حfreeOne حfree حor حtwin حlambs حare حincluded حin حthis حstudy ح حor حtwin حlambs حare حincluded حin حthis حstudy ح
- 10. CollectionofCollectionof Blood samples were collected everyBlood samples were collected every 1515daysdays duringpregnancyduringpregnancy 1010&&2020daysdays beforelampingbeforelamping DayDayofof lampinglamping 1010&&2020daysdays afterlampingafterlamping Each blood sample divided into 2 tubesEach blood sample divided into 2 tubes *Glucose*Glucose *Ketonebodies*Ketonebodies *Progesterone*Progesterone Oestradiol:17Oestradiol:17ββ *T*T33 *T*T44 PlasmaPlasma SerumSerum
- 13. Serumprogesteronelevel(ng/ml)ofsingleandtSerumprogesteronelevel(ng/ml)ofsingleandt Weeks of pregnancyWeeks of pregnancy SingleSingle TwinTwin 11stst 0.910.91 ±± 0.040.04 ii AA 0.950.95 ±± 0.050.05 hh AA 33rdrd 1.81.8 ±± 0.040.04 hh AA 1.61.6 ±± 0.250.25 ghgh AA 55thth 2.492.49 ±± 0.330.33 gg AA 2.862.86 ±± 0.060.06 jj AA 77thth 3.53.5 ±± 0.050.05 ff AA 3.613.61 ±± 0.050.05 ee AA 99thth 4.334.33 ±± 0.20.2 dd AA 4.454.45 ±± 0.220.22 dd AA 1111thth 4.784.78 ±± 0.470.47 dd AA 4.584.58 ±± 0.250.25 dd AA 1313thth 5.845.84 ±± 0.460.46 cc AA 6.576.57 ±± 0.320.32 cc AA 1515thth 6.246.24 ±± 0.070.07 bcbc BB 7.267.26 ±± 0.060.06 bb AA 1717thth 11.2911.29 ±± 0.380.38 aa BB 12.3612.36 ±± 0.320.32 aa AA 1919thth 11.6911.69 ±± 0.140.14 aa BB 12.4512.45 ±± 0.290.29 aa AA 2020thth 1.101.10 ±± 0.050.05 ii AA 1.491.49 ±± 0.200.20 ghgh AA
- 14. fsingleandtwinsbearingewesduringpregnancyfsingleandtwinsbearingewesduringpregnancy 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Weeks of pregnancy Progesterone(ng/ml) Single Twin 11stst 33rdrd 55thth 77thth 99thth 1111thth 1313thth 1515thth 1717thth 1919thth 2020thth
- 15. Serumprogesteronelevel(ng/ml)intheperipartSerumprogesteronelevel(ng/ml)intheperipart Period from parturitionPeriod from parturition SingleSingle TwinTwin 2 days before parturition2 days before parturition 0.930.93 ±± 0.080.08 abab AA 0.870.87 ±± 0.070.07 bcbc AA 1 day after parturition1 day after parturition 0.630.63 ±± 0.040.04 dd AA 0.560.56 ±± 0.030.03 dd AA 7 days after parturition7 days after parturition 0.70.7 ±± 0.040.04 cdcd AA 0.70.7 ±± 0.080.08 cdcd AA 10 days after parturition10 days after parturition 0.880.88 ±±0.060.06 bcbc AA 1.091.09 ±± 0.060.06 aa AA 15 days after parturition15 days after parturition 1.051.05 ±± 0.040.04 abab AA 1.081.08 ±± 0.020.02 aa AA
- 16. l)intheperiparturientperiodofpregnantewesl)intheperiparturientperiodofpregnantewes 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 Period from parturition Preprogesterone(pg/ml) Single Twin 2daysbefore2daysbefore parturitionparturition 1dayafter1dayafter parturitionparturition 7daysafter7daysafter parturitionparturition 10daysafter10daysafter parturitionparturition 15daysafter15daysafter parturitionparturition
- 17. Serumestradiol-17Serumestradiol-17ββ(E2)level(pg/ml)insingl(E2)level(pg/ml)insingl duringpregnancypduringpregnancy Weeks of pregnancyWeeks of pregnancy SingleSingle TwinTwin 11stst 37.3637.36 ±±0.630.63 gg AA 36.336.3 ±± 0.50.5 jj AA 33rdrd 36.136.1 ±± 0.690.69 gg AA 37.1337.13 ±± 0.750.75 jjjj AA 55thth 38.4638.46 ±± 0.420.42 gg AA 39.2639.26 ±± 0.490.49 hihi AA 77thth 37.6637.66 ±± 0.380.38 gg AA 39.639.6 ±± 0.780.78 hh AA 99thth 42.3342.33 ±± 0.660.66 ff BB 44.444.4 ±± 0.540.54 gg AA 1111thth 52.352.3 ±± 0.830.83 ee BB 55.355.3 ±± 11 dd AA 1313thth 58.3358.33 ±± 0.720.72 dd BB 63.6363.63 ±± 0.950.95 ee AA 1515thth 68.2668.26 ±± 0.570.57 cc BB 79.479.4 ±± 0.520.52 dd AA 1717thth 75.375.3 ±±0.980.98 dd BB 87.4587.45 ±± 1.211.21 cc AA 1919thth 74.4674.46 ±± 1.071.07 bb BB 93.4393.43 ±± 0.950.95 aa AA 2020thth 78.478.4 ±± 0.540.54 aa BB 90.890.8 ±± 0.810.81 bb AA
- 18. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Weeks of pregnancy Estrogen(pg/ml) Single Twin 11stst 33rdrd 55thth 77thth 99thth 1111thth 1313thth 1515thth 1717thth 1919thth 2020thth /ml)insingleandtwinsbearingpregnantewes/ml)insingleandtwinsbearingpregnantewes gpregnancyperiodgpregnancyperiod
- 19. SerumEstrogenlevel(pg/ml)inperiparturiSerumEstrogenlevel(pg/ml)inperiparturi bearingpregnantbearingpregnant Period from parturitionPeriod from parturition SingleSingle TwinTwin 2 days before parturition2 days before parturition 572572 ±± 6.936.93 aa BB 976976 ±± 26.0126.01 aa AA 1 day after parturition1 day after parturition 300300 ±± 5.785.78 cc BB 346346 ±± 14.4514.45 ee AA 7 days after parturition7 days after parturition 414414 ±± 4.844.84 dd AA 4.204.20 ±± 5.785.78 dd AA 10 days after parturition10 days after parturition 540540 ±± 5.495.49 abab BB 670670 ±±10.9810.98 bb AA 15 days after parturition15 days after parturition 545545 ±± 37.5737.57 abab AA 511511 ±± 3.783.78 cc AA
- 20. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 Period from parturition Preproestrogene(pg/ml) Single Twin 2daysbefore2daysbefore parturitionparturition 1dayafter1dayafter parturitionparturition 7daysafter7daysafter parturitionparturition 10daysafter10daysafter parturitionparturition 15daysafter15daysafter parturitionparturition inperiparturientperiodofsingleandtwinsinperiparturientperiodofsingleandtwins ngpregnantewesingpregnantewes
- 21. SerumTSerumT33(ng/dl)ofsingleandtwin(ng/dl)ofsingleandtwin Weeks of pregnancyWeeks of pregnancy SingleSingle TwinTwin 11stst 64.3664.36 ±± 1.331.33 gg AA 63.6463.64 ±± 0.980.98 jj AA 33rdrd 66.266.2 ±± 0.980.98 gg AA 67.1667.16 ±± 0.50.5 jj AA 55thth 65.1365.13 ±± 0.980.98 gg BB 77.1677.16 ±± 6.336.33 ee AA 77thth 66.9666.96 ±± 0.910.91 gg AA 68.068.0 ±± 6.946.94 jj AA 99thth 79.279.2 ±± 0.40.4 jj AA 82.5382.53 ±± 0.720.72 ee AA 1111thth 91.5391.53 ±± 0.500.50 ee BB 103.56103.56 ±± 2.352.35 cdcd AA 1313thth 98.3398.33 ±± 0.520.52 dd BB 110.03110.03 ±± 1.471.47 bcbc AA 1515thth 104.23104.23 ±± 1.061.06 cdcd AA 107.33107.33 ±± 1.611.61 bcbc AA 1717thth 113.56113.56 ±± 0.630.63 bb BB 126.16126.16 ±± 2.022.02 aa AA 1919thth 124.2124.2 ±± 2.162.16 aa BB 132.2132.2 ±± 4.164.16 aa AA
- 22. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Weeks of pregnancy T3(ug/dl) Single Twin 11stst 33rdrd 55thth 77thth 99thth 1111thth 1313thth 1515thth 1717thth 1919thth 2020thth ngleandtwinsbearingpregnantewesngleandtwinsbearingpregnantewes
- 23. SerumTSerumT44((µµg/dl)ofsingleandtwinsbeg/dl)ofsingleandtwinsbe Weeks of pregnancyWeeks of pregnancy SingleSingle TwinTwin 11stst 4.34.3 ±± 0.170.17 ff AA 4.54.5 ±± 0.20.2 ff AA 33rdrd 4.74.7 ±± 0.340.34 ff AA 4.564.56 ±± 0.230.23 ff AA 55thth 5.55.5 ±± 0.20.2 ee AA 5.65.6 ±± 0.170.17 ee AA 77thth 6.46.4 ±± 0.110.11 dcdc AA 5.865.86 ±± 0.370.37 dede AA 99thth 6.566.56 ±± 0.280.28 bcdbcd AA 6.766.76 ±± 0.230.23 abcabc AA 1111thth 6.436.43 ±±0.280.28 cdcd AA 6.536.53 ±± 0.170.17 bcdbcd AA 1313thth 6.766.76 ±± 0.310.31 abcabc AA 6.866.86 ±± 0.370.37 abcabc AA 1515thth 7.37.3 ±± 0.150.15 abab AA 6.836.83 ±± 0.230.23 abcabc AA 1717thth 7.467.46 ±± 0.20.2 aa AA 7.167.16 ±± 0.170.17 abcabc AA 1919thth 7.437.43 ±± 0.170.17 aa AA 7.067.06 ±± 0.140.14 abcabc AA
- 24. 0 2 4 6 8 10 Weeks of pregnancy T4(ug/dl) Single Twin 11stst 33rdrd 55thth 77thth 99thth 1111thth 1313thth 1515thth 1717thth 1919thth 2020thth andtwinsbearingewesduringpregnancyandtwinsbearingewesduringpregnancy
- 25. Bloodacetonelevel(m.mol/L)inpreparBloodacetonelevel(m.mol/L)inprepar Period from parturitionPeriod from parturition SingleSingle TwinTwin 4 weeks before parturition4 weeks before parturition 0.370.37 ±± 0.020.02 dd AA 0.510.51 ±± 0.10.1 dd AA 3 weeks before parturition3 weeks before parturition 0.720.72 ±± 0.070.07 cc AA 0.850.85 ±± 0.030.03 bcbc AA 2 weeks before parturition2 weeks before parturition 0.950.95 ±± 0.050.05 abab AA 1.091.09 ±± 0.050.05 aa AA Week ofWeek of parturitionparturition 0.940.94 ±± 0.020.02 abab AA 1.081.08 ±± 0.050.05 aa AA
- 26. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Period from parturition Ketonebodies(m.mol/L) Single Twin 4weeksbefore4weeksbefore parturitionparturition 3weeksbefore3weeksbefore parturitionparturition 2weeksbefore2weeksbefore parturitionparturition WeekofWeekof parturitionparturition .mol/L)inpreparturientperiodinewes.mol/L)inpreparturientperiodinewes
- 27. Serumglucoselevel(mg/dl)ofpregnanteweSerumglucoselevel(mg/dl)ofpregnantewe (inthepreparturient(inthepreparturient Period from parturitionPeriod from parturition SingleSingle TwinTwin 4 weeks before parturition4 weeks before parturition 59.3359.33 ±±1.451.45 aa AA 50.050.0 ±± 1.521.52 aa AA 3 weeks before parturition3 weeks before parturition 39.3339.33 ±± 1.451.45 bb AA 35.035.0 ±± 1.151.15 bb AA 2 weeks before parturition2 weeks before parturition 32.3332.33 ±± 0.870.87 cc AA 26.026.0 ±±0.280.28 cc AA Week ofWeek of parturitionparturition 26.026.0 ±± 0.570.57 dd BB 23.023.0 ±± 0.870.87 cc AA
- 28. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Period from parturition Glucose(mg/dl) Single Twin 4weeksbefore4weeksbefore parturitionparturition 3weeksbefore3weeksbefore parturitionparturition 2weeksbefore2weeksbefore parturitionparturition WeekofWeekof parturitionparturition fpregnantewesonemonthbeforeparturitionfpregnantewesonemonthbeforeparturition
- 34. Dr. Medhat KamalDr. Medhat Kamal 01277232060127723206