Introduction to Cell biology

1. Applications of Cell Biology &
Genetics
BSc II ZOOLOGY
Dr. G.D.HANDE
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Zoology
SHRI SHIVAJI SCIENCE COLLEGE
AMRAVATI.
BRIDGE
COURSE

2.  Science is involved in cooking,
eating, breathing, driving,
playing, etc.
 The fabric we wear, the brush and
paste we use, the shampoo, the
talcum powder, the oil we apply,
everything is the consequence of
advancement of science.
 Life is unimaginable without all
this, as it has become a necessity.

3.  Students of Biology will not only
learn about the human body, they
will also put into context our place
in the environment, how
organisms rely on one another to
co-exist on our planet and will
also discover the natural food
chain, distinguishing predators
from prey.

4.  Great Things About Biology
 You can make the most of hands-on
learning.
 Learn latest research methods.
 You can use its principles to answer big
questions.
 You can benefit from a clear career path.
 You can discover the basic living
concepts.
 You can learn about the human body and
how treat it.

5. Genetics and cell biology is the science of heredity.
It is studied at the level of whole organisms (classical or
transmission genetics), the DNA itself (molecular genetics), or
whole populations (population and evolutionary genetics) in
biochemistry, genetics and cell biology, or microbiology up to
two years faster.

6. Molecular genetics, or molecular biology, is the study of
the biochemical mechanisms of inheritance.
It is the study of the biochemical nature of the genetic
material
and its control of phenotype.
It is the study of the connection between genotype and
phenotype.
The connection is a chemical one.

7.  All living things are all made up of
cells.
 In order to develop new
biotechnologies it is important to
understand more about cells and the
genetic information they contain.
 Eye colour is determined by the alleles
we inherit from our parents.

8.  Cell biology (also cellular biology or
cytology) is a branch of biology
studying the structure and function of
the cell, also known as the basic unit of
life.
 Cell biology encompasses both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can
be divided into many sub-topics which
may include the study of cell
metabolism, cell communication, cell
cycle, biochemistry, and cell
composition.

9. Healthcare and Medicine.
Doctors, nurses, and other medical
staff must study biology to learn how
to aid both humans and animals.
Learning about the human body's
inner processes, organs, neurological
system, blood, reproduction,
development and diseases all prove
essential for treatment and research.

10. By understanding how cells work in healthy and diseased
states, cell biologists working in animal, plant and
medical science will be able to develop new vaccines,
more effective medicines, plants with improved qualities
and through increased knowledge a better understanding
of how all living things live.

11. Understanding genetic factors and genetic
disorders is important in learning more about
promoting health and preventing disease.
Some genetic changes have been associated
with an increased risk of having a child with
a birth defect or developmental disability or
developing diseases like cancer or heart
disease.

12. “Genetics is a field of science that includes the study
of inheritance and genetic variations by investigating
the DNA, genes, genome, chromosome and other
components of it.”
Genetics is the study of how different qualities, called
traits, are passed down from parents to child. Genetics
helps explain what makes you unique, why family
members look alike, and why some diseases run in
families. When we trace the paths of these qualities, we
are following packages of information called genes.

13. Genetics will be important not only to
understanding the cause of a disease, but also to
recognizing the manner in which an individual
responds to particular therapies.
Drug metabolism is itself under genetic control,
and susceptibility to side effects in some cases is
governed by genetic predispositions.

14. “Genetics is a field of science that includes
the study of inheritance and genetic variations
by investigating the DNA, genes, genome,
chromosome and other components of it.”
In a broader sense, we can say, that the study
of genes, genome and chromosome and
related inheritance of traits is called genetics.

16. Applications of genetic studies:
Disease diagnosis and characterization.
Identification of pathogenic mutations.
Preserving biodiversity.
Identification and characterization of microbes.
Studying inheritance pattern.
Creating advanced plant and Animals species .
Creating genetically modified organisms.
DNA fingerprinting.

17. Genetics can help us to understand why people look the way they do
and why some people are more prone to certain diseases than others.
Genetics can help health-care professionals to identify certain
conditions in babies before they are born using techniques such as
prenatal testing.
Genetics can help us to understand why people look the way they do
and why some people are more prone to certain diseases than others.
Genetics can help health-care professionals to identify certain
conditions in babies before they are born using techniques such as
prenatal testing.

18. Genetics will be important not only to understanding the cause of a
disease, but also to recognizing the manner in which an individual
responds to particular therapies.
Drug metabolism is itself under genetic control, and susceptibility
to side effects in some cases is governed by genetic predispositions.

19. Medicine
Genetic techniques are used in medicine to diagnose and treat inherited
human disorders. Knowledge of a family history of conditions such as
cancer or various disorders may indicate a hereditary tendency to develop
these afflictions.
Cells from embryonic tissues reveal certain genetic abnormalities,
including enzyme deficiencies, that may be present in newborn babies,
thus permitting early treatment.
Many countries require a blood test of newborn babies to determine the
presence of an enzyme necessary to convert an amino acid, phenylalanine,
into simpler products.

20. Phenylketonuria (PKU), which results from lack of the
enzyme, causes permanent brain damage if not treated soon after
birth. Many different types of human genetic diseases can be
detected in embryos as young as 12 weeks; the procedure
involves removal and testing of a small amount of fluid from
around the embryo (called amniocentesis) or of tissue from the
placenta (called chorionic villus sampling).

21. Gene therapy is based on modification of defective genotypes by
adding functional genes made through recombinant DNA
technology.
Bioinformatics is being used to “mine” the human genome for gene
products that might be candidates for designer pharmaceutical drugs.

22. A newer application of genetics and genomics relates to something
called pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how
your genetic make-up determines how your body breaks down or
metabolizes certain medications.
Knowing this information can allow your doctors to ensure you are
taking the right dose of a particular medication or, in some cases,
recommend a different medication altogether if your genetic make-up
indicates that you are likely to experience significant side effects or
not respond to the medication.

23. 2.Cell and tissue culturing ,an essential unit of cell biology
inculcates knowledge and practice of the fundamental
techniques involved in the growth of the cell type of interest.
This is applied in biotechnology to nature cells of interest in
preparation for Genetic studies.
3.Cell division in Cell Biology, is crucial in Biotechnological
studies, when monitoring growth of Cancer cells for
therapeutic purposes.

24. 4. Cell physiology, studied in Cell Biology, helps Biotechnologists
to understand the concept of Cell transport which they apply in
Mutation studies to confirm how wild strains and mutants behave
physiologically.
5.Biotechnologists apply the concept of Cell Death (a unit in Cell
Biology) to study the effects of external and internal forces
influencing the cell’s life-maintaining signals, this therefore helps
them know and appreciate the concept of cell apoptosis
(programmed cell death)

25. The course has been developed to incorporate the theoretical
and practical aspects of molecular and cellular biology,
providing you with the knowledge and expertise you’ll need
for a career in the healthcare industry.
You will have the opportunity to develop your interest in
biology, learn the laboratory skills that are the basis for major
modern scientific breakthroughs, and gain a full appreciation
of how the improved knowledge of genetics and cell biology
impacts on society.

26. THANK YOU