TISSUE PHANTOM RATIO - THE PHOTON BEAM QUALITY INDEXVictor Ekpo
TPR(20,10) is the recommended photon beam quality index by IAEA TRS-398 for megavoltage clinical photons generated by linear accelerators. This presentation goes through the basics of Tissue Phantom Ratio (TPR).
In 2000 IAEA published another International Code of Practice.
“Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy” (Technical Report Series No. 398)
Recommending procedures to obtain the absorbed dose in water from measurements made with an ionisation chamber in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).
TISSUE PHANTOM RATIO - THE PHOTON BEAM QUALITY INDEXVictor Ekpo
TPR(20,10) is the recommended photon beam quality index by IAEA TRS-398 for megavoltage clinical photons generated by linear accelerators. This presentation goes through the basics of Tissue Phantom Ratio (TPR).
In 2000 IAEA published another International Code of Practice.
“Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy” (Technical Report Series No. 398)
Recommending procedures to obtain the absorbed dose in water from measurements made with an ionisation chamber in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).
Variation of dose distribution with depth and incident energy using EGSnrc Mo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Dosimetric Evaluation of High Energy Electron Beams Applied in RadiotherapyAYMAN G. STOHY
Electron-beam therapy: is used to treat superficial tumors at a standard 100 cm source-to-surface distance (SSD). Characteristics of electron beams from an Elekta PreciseTM linear accelerator are presented at a nominal SSD of 100 cm. However, certain clinical situations require the use of an extended SSD. The effects of extended source-to-surface distance (SSD) on the electron beam dose profiles were evaluated for various electron beam energies 6, 8, 10,12 and 15 MeV and the accuracy of various output correction methods was analyzed on an Elekta PreciseTM linear accelerator using a radiation field analyzer (RFA). Effective SSDs was evaluated for field sizes ranging from 6×6, 10×10, 14×14 and 20×20 cm2 for various energies.
Aim of the work
1.Investigate the physical properties of electron beams
at different beam energies.
2.Evaluate the accuracy of dose calculated by
Treatment Planning System (TPS) and measured for
different field configurations.
CONTENTS
Electron arc therapy.
Introduction to electron arc therapy
Calibration of electron arc therapy
field shaping
beam energy
Treatment planning
location of the isocentre
scanning field width
collimation used in electron arc therapy.
summary
Variation of dose distribution with depth and incident energy using EGSnrc Mo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Dosimetric Evaluation of High Energy Electron Beams Applied in RadiotherapyAYMAN G. STOHY
Electron-beam therapy: is used to treat superficial tumors at a standard 100 cm source-to-surface distance (SSD). Characteristics of electron beams from an Elekta PreciseTM linear accelerator are presented at a nominal SSD of 100 cm. However, certain clinical situations require the use of an extended SSD. The effects of extended source-to-surface distance (SSD) on the electron beam dose profiles were evaluated for various electron beam energies 6, 8, 10,12 and 15 MeV and the accuracy of various output correction methods was analyzed on an Elekta PreciseTM linear accelerator using a radiation field analyzer (RFA). Effective SSDs was evaluated for field sizes ranging from 6×6, 10×10, 14×14 and 20×20 cm2 for various energies.
Aim of the work
1.Investigate the physical properties of electron beams
at different beam energies.
2.Evaluate the accuracy of dose calculated by
Treatment Planning System (TPS) and measured for
different field configurations.
CONTENTS
Electron arc therapy.
Introduction to electron arc therapy
Calibration of electron arc therapy
field shaping
beam energy
Treatment planning
location of the isocentre
scanning field width
collimation used in electron arc therapy.
summary
English version presentation VREG Round table 2010-10-5 smart metersDirk Van Evercooren
Introductory presentation for the round table on smart metering in Flanders. Survey results for households and small and medium business energy customers.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and development of a linear variable differential optical sensor for s...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this present paper, we have illustrated the development of a novel linear displacement sensor utilizing the intensity of light. This sensor is based on temporal changes in the intensity of diffuse light beam for the movement of a solid metallic obstacle between the source and detector instead of traditional reflector. An obstacle is moved over open surface of a hollow shaped channel, where light beams impinged vertically into the channel. Two photo detectors has been used to sense the variation of diffuse light intensity at the covered & uncovered area of channel surface due to the movement of obstacle over its open surface. This movement of an obstacle represents the actual target displacement by differentiating the output transformation of two photo detectors; this phenomenon is reported as linear variable differential optical sensor (LVDOS). The measured displacement recorded interns of voltage by the signal processing circuit (SPC). Experimental results are shown a satisfactory performance of the sensor for small range displacement measurement. Index terms: Linear Variable Displacement Sensor, Intensity of diffuse light beam, solid metallic obstacle, Photo detector
Measurement is the estimation of the magnitude of some attribute of an object, such as its length or weight, relative to a unit of measurement.
Measurement usually involves using a measuring instrument, such as a ruler or scale, which is calibrated to compare the object to some standard, such as a meter or a kilogram. In science, however, where accurate measurement is crucial, a measurement is understood to have three parts: first, the measurement itself, second, the margin of error, and third, the confidence level -- that is, the probability that the actual property of the physical object is within the margin of error.
For example, we might measure the length of an object as 2.34 meters plus or minus 0.01 meter, with a 95% level of confidence.
This article illustrates the principle and working of Colorimeter and Photometer and how absorbance, transmittance and light intensity can be measured.
Spectroscopy is a method which measures the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation. it reveals different properties of substances such as absorbance, composition and interaction with other matter
RADIATIONS UNITS AND IT’S MEASUREMENT BY SAGAR CHAULAGAIN.pptxSagar Chaulagain
This presentation includes introduction to radiation, the basic knowledge of various radiations units, types of detectors which are being used to measure that radiation units and this presentation includes personal monitoring devices likes film badge dosimeter, thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD), Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL) and pocket dosimeters. in these slides very simple english language is used and the arrangement of the topics in the presentation is well managed . these presentation is usually for the radiographers and a radiotechnologist for which the basic knowledge of radiation units and it's measurements is crucial.
AREA MONITORING DEVICES BY ZUBAIRUL ISLAM.pptxZubairUlIslam5
AREA MONITORING DEVICES BY ZUBAIRUL ISLAM
A Student Of Radiography.
Area Monitoring Devices is One of the Important in the Radiography.
• Area monitoring ( INTRODUCTION) • why we need Area monitoring •Area monitoring Devices
IONISATION CHAMBER
GM COUNTER
SCINTILLATION DETECTOR
AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF AREA MONITORING DEVICE
RADIATION MEASUREMENT
DEFECTORS
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Prof. Alastair C Lewis, The University of YorkIES / IAQM
Talk title: Low- Cost air quality sensors - are they reliable?
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
13. Sensitivity
The sensitivity S is defined as the inverse
of the calibration coefficient N
Using decade resistances, larger detector
volumes or detector gases under
higher pressures, a wide range of
equivalent dose rates can be covered with
ionization chamber based survey meters
14. Energy dependence
Survey meters are calibrated at one or
more beam qualities, but are often
used in situations in which the radiation
field is complex or unknown. These
survey meters should hence have a low
energy dependence over a wide energy
range
15. Directional dependence
By rotating the survey monitor about its
vertical axis, the directional
response of the instrument can be studied.
A survey monitor usually exhibits
isotropic response, as required for
measuring ambient dose equivalent,
within
±60º to ±80º with respect to the reference
direction of calibration
16. Survey meters may cover a range from nSv/h to Sv/h, but the typical
range in use is mSv/h to mSv/h.
Dose equivalent range
17. Overload characteristics
Survey meters must be subjected to dose
rates of about ten times the
maximum scale range to ensure that they
read full scale rather than near zero
on saturation.
18.
19. Response time
The response time of the survey monitor is
defined as the RC time
constant of the measuring circuit, where R
is the decade resistor used and C the
capacitance of the circuit.
20.
21. Long term stability
Survey meters must be calibrated in a standards dosimetry laboratory
with the frequency prescribed by the regulatory requirements of the country,
typically once every three years; they also need calibration immediately after
repair or immediately upon detection of any sudden change in response.
The long term stability of survey meters must be checked at regular
intervals using a long half-life source in a reproducible geometry.
22. Discrimination between different types of
radiation
End window GM counters have a
removable buildup cap to discriminate
b from g rays. For b measurements the end
cap must be removed to allow b
particles to enter the sensitive volume.
23. Uncertainties in area survey measurements
The standards laboratory provides, along with the survey monitor
calibration, the uncertainty associated with the calibration factor.
Subsequent
measurements at the user department provide a type A uncertainty. The
uncertainties due to energy dependence and angular dependence of the
detector, and
the variation in the user field conditions compared with calibration
conditions,
contribute to type B uncertainties. These two types of uncertainty are
added in
quadrature to obtain the combined uncertainty associated with the survey
meter measurement
25. Film and thermoluminescence dosimetry
badges can measure equivalent
doses as low as 0.1 mSv and up to 10 Sv;
optically stimulated luminescent and
radiophotoluminescent dosimeters are
more sensitive, with a lower detection
limit of 10–30 mSv
Sensitivity
26. The uncertainty in measurements with
EPDs is about 10% for low dose
rates (2 mSv/h) and increases to 20% for
higher dose rates (<100 mSv/h) in
laboratory conditions.
Uncertainties In personal monitoring
measurements
27. Equivalent dose range
Personal monitors must have as wide a
dose range as possible so that they
can cover both radiation protection and
accidental situations
28. Film dosimeters can identify and estimate
doses of X rays, g rays, b
particles and thermal neutrons. TLDs and
optically stimulated luminescent and
radiophotoluminescent dosimeters
generally identify and estimate doses of X
rays and g and b radiation.
Discrimination between different types of
radiation