The document discusses calculating drug doses for injections using the WIG equation. The WIG equation stands for "Want, In, Got" and is used to determine the volume of a drug to inject based on the amount wanted, the volume it is contained in, and the strength of the solution. Calculating drug doses for safe administration is an essential part of nursing.
Definition of prescription, Types, Difference between them.
Analyzing some prescriptions and their errors, comparing them with an ideal one.
Methods we should take to minimize those errors.
Definition of prescription, Types, Difference between them.
Analyzing some prescriptions and their errors, comparing them with an ideal one.
Methods we should take to minimize those errors.
individual prescription method is a type of drug distribution system.
apart from the individual prescription method there are many other types of drug distribution system. they are
1]unit dosage distribution system
2]floor system
3]individual drug distribution
Role of pharmacist in Community pharmacy and public health practice in India:...Yamini Shah
The knowledge, skills and expertise of a pharmacist enable them to support the public health care by promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing long-term illness and by guiding patients to better manage their medicines. A community pharmacist strengthens the public health system in a broad perspective. To improve health, patient care and medication-related outcomes through education, clinical practice and research. To ensure the safety and efficacy of medications which are prescribed by medical practitioner.
In this slides included clinical pharmacy introduction and pharmaceutical care, also explanation about the goals and objectives of the clinical pharmacy requirements
This Manual of Procedures (MOP) was developed to assist and align the efforts in implementing AMS programs in all (Level I, II, and III) hospitals across the country. It seeks to serve as a guide to individual hospitals in the design and establishment of local AMS programs while providing a framework for national-level action and commitment.
Recommendations within this document are, as far as possible, based on review of published literature on strategies that have shown to be effective. Consultation with key members (Infectious Diseases physicians, clinical pharmacists, and Infection Control nurses) from eight (8) pilot hospitals as well as the National Antibiotic Guidelines Committee (NAGCom), other national Infectious Diseases societies and relevant DOH offices were undertaken to obtain a consensus opinion and ensure that this MOP is practical and feasible.
All attempts to consider the context of local culture and practices have been taken in the creation of this MOP. Nonetheless, we have chosen to only define core aspects of the national AMS program without being overly prescriptive. Hospitals are strongly encouraged to adapt this MOP to their individual setting in order to maximize its effectiveness, including reduce barriers to implementation and encourage shared ownership towards the goal of AMS.
PRESCRIPTION
DEFINITION:
Prescription is a written order from a registered medical practitioner or
other properly licensed practitioners such as dentist, veterinarian etc.
To a pharmacist to compound and dispense a specific medication for the
patient.
The prescriptions are generally written in the English language but
Latin words or abbreviations are frequently used in order to save time.
PARTS OF PRESCRIPTION:
Prescriptions are gentrally written on a typical format which is usually
kept as pads.
1. Date.
2. Name, age, sex and address of the patient.
3. Superscription.
4. Inscription.
5. Subscription.
6. Signatura.
7. Renewal instructions.
8. Signature, Address and Registration number of the prescriber.
1) DATE:
It helps a pharmacist to find out the date of prescribing and date of
presentation for filling the prescription.
2) NAME, AGE, SEX AND ADDRESS OF THE PATIENT:
Name, age, address of the patient must be written in the prescription
because it serves to identify the prescription.
In case, if any of these information is missing in the prescription, the
same may be included by the pharmacist after proper enquiry from the
patient.
Age and sex of the patient, especially in case of children, help the
pharmacist to check the prescribed dose of medication.
3) SUPERSCRIPTION:
It is represented by a symbol Which is written before writing the
prescription. is an abbrevation of the latin word receipe, meaning
‘You take’ (take thou). In olden days,the symbol was considered from
the sign of jupiter, God of healing.
4) INSCRIPTION:
This is the main part of the prescription order, contains the names and
quantities of the prescribed ingredients.
The names of ingredients are generally written in English language but
common abbreviation used can written both in English and Latin
languages.
The medicament may be prescribed as an official preparation,
a proprietary product, a nonproprietary product (Generic), not official
or a specific or individual formula.
In case of special or individual formula, the quantity of each ingredient
will be stated together with a description of the type of the preparation,
e.g: cream, mixture, lotion etc.
The name of each ingredient is written on a separate line along with its
quantity.
5) SUBSCRIPTION:
This comprises direction to the pharmacist for preparing and number
of doses to be dispensed.
6) SIGNATURA:
This consists of the direction to be given to the patient regarding the
administration of the drug.
It is usually written as ‘sig’ on the prescription.
The instructions given in prescription are required to be transferred to
the label of the container in which the medicament is to be dispensed, so
that the patient can follow it.
RENEWAL INSTRUCTIONS:
The prescriber indicate on every prescription order, whether it may be
renewed and if so, how many times.
It is very important particularly in the prescription containing the
narcotic and habit form
Anthelmintic.
According to the syllabus based on “PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA”
“I Dedicate this work to all the
Students , Pharmacy Faculty & Family Members .”
Anthelmintic are the drugs that either KILL [vermicide] or Expel [vermifuge] infesting Helminths.
The choice of drug for each worm infestation is based not only on Efficacy, but also on Lack of Side effects/ Toxicity, Ease of administration [preferably single dose] & low cost.
Development of resistance has not been a problem in the clinical use of Anthelmintic.
Hospital pharmacy-Organisation and management
a) Organizational structure-Staff, Infrastructure & work load statistics
b) Management of materials and finance
c) Roles & responsibilities of hospital pharmacist
Pharmacy Services Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan.pptxAfkar432
this presentation explains the services provided by a Pharmacy Services Department in a Tertiary care hospital. This can be helpful for Pharmacists working in hospitals. Those who are seeking future in this field can also get benefits.
Contents: The Pharmacy Services Department, Structure
Services Provided, Hospital Pharmacy Services, Clinical Services, Educational Services, R&D.
individual prescription method is a type of drug distribution system.
apart from the individual prescription method there are many other types of drug distribution system. they are
1]unit dosage distribution system
2]floor system
3]individual drug distribution
Role of pharmacist in Community pharmacy and public health practice in India:...Yamini Shah
The knowledge, skills and expertise of a pharmacist enable them to support the public health care by promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing long-term illness and by guiding patients to better manage their medicines. A community pharmacist strengthens the public health system in a broad perspective. To improve health, patient care and medication-related outcomes through education, clinical practice and research. To ensure the safety and efficacy of medications which are prescribed by medical practitioner.
In this slides included clinical pharmacy introduction and pharmaceutical care, also explanation about the goals and objectives of the clinical pharmacy requirements
This Manual of Procedures (MOP) was developed to assist and align the efforts in implementing AMS programs in all (Level I, II, and III) hospitals across the country. It seeks to serve as a guide to individual hospitals in the design and establishment of local AMS programs while providing a framework for national-level action and commitment.
Recommendations within this document are, as far as possible, based on review of published literature on strategies that have shown to be effective. Consultation with key members (Infectious Diseases physicians, clinical pharmacists, and Infection Control nurses) from eight (8) pilot hospitals as well as the National Antibiotic Guidelines Committee (NAGCom), other national Infectious Diseases societies and relevant DOH offices were undertaken to obtain a consensus opinion and ensure that this MOP is practical and feasible.
All attempts to consider the context of local culture and practices have been taken in the creation of this MOP. Nonetheless, we have chosen to only define core aspects of the national AMS program without being overly prescriptive. Hospitals are strongly encouraged to adapt this MOP to their individual setting in order to maximize its effectiveness, including reduce barriers to implementation and encourage shared ownership towards the goal of AMS.
PRESCRIPTION
DEFINITION:
Prescription is a written order from a registered medical practitioner or
other properly licensed practitioners such as dentist, veterinarian etc.
To a pharmacist to compound and dispense a specific medication for the
patient.
The prescriptions are generally written in the English language but
Latin words or abbreviations are frequently used in order to save time.
PARTS OF PRESCRIPTION:
Prescriptions are gentrally written on a typical format which is usually
kept as pads.
1. Date.
2. Name, age, sex and address of the patient.
3. Superscription.
4. Inscription.
5. Subscription.
6. Signatura.
7. Renewal instructions.
8. Signature, Address and Registration number of the prescriber.
1) DATE:
It helps a pharmacist to find out the date of prescribing and date of
presentation for filling the prescription.
2) NAME, AGE, SEX AND ADDRESS OF THE PATIENT:
Name, age, address of the patient must be written in the prescription
because it serves to identify the prescription.
In case, if any of these information is missing in the prescription, the
same may be included by the pharmacist after proper enquiry from the
patient.
Age and sex of the patient, especially in case of children, help the
pharmacist to check the prescribed dose of medication.
3) SUPERSCRIPTION:
It is represented by a symbol Which is written before writing the
prescription. is an abbrevation of the latin word receipe, meaning
‘You take’ (take thou). In olden days,the symbol was considered from
the sign of jupiter, God of healing.
4) INSCRIPTION:
This is the main part of the prescription order, contains the names and
quantities of the prescribed ingredients.
The names of ingredients are generally written in English language but
common abbreviation used can written both in English and Latin
languages.
The medicament may be prescribed as an official preparation,
a proprietary product, a nonproprietary product (Generic), not official
or a specific or individual formula.
In case of special or individual formula, the quantity of each ingredient
will be stated together with a description of the type of the preparation,
e.g: cream, mixture, lotion etc.
The name of each ingredient is written on a separate line along with its
quantity.
5) SUBSCRIPTION:
This comprises direction to the pharmacist for preparing and number
of doses to be dispensed.
6) SIGNATURA:
This consists of the direction to be given to the patient regarding the
administration of the drug.
It is usually written as ‘sig’ on the prescription.
The instructions given in prescription are required to be transferred to
the label of the container in which the medicament is to be dispensed, so
that the patient can follow it.
RENEWAL INSTRUCTIONS:
The prescriber indicate on every prescription order, whether it may be
renewed and if so, how many times.
It is very important particularly in the prescription containing the
narcotic and habit form
Anthelmintic.
According to the syllabus based on “PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA”
“I Dedicate this work to all the
Students , Pharmacy Faculty & Family Members .”
Anthelmintic are the drugs that either KILL [vermicide] or Expel [vermifuge] infesting Helminths.
The choice of drug for each worm infestation is based not only on Efficacy, but also on Lack of Side effects/ Toxicity, Ease of administration [preferably single dose] & low cost.
Development of resistance has not been a problem in the clinical use of Anthelmintic.
Hospital pharmacy-Organisation and management
a) Organizational structure-Staff, Infrastructure & work load statistics
b) Management of materials and finance
c) Roles & responsibilities of hospital pharmacist
Pharmacy Services Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan.pptxAfkar432
this presentation explains the services provided by a Pharmacy Services Department in a Tertiary care hospital. This can be helpful for Pharmacists working in hospitals. Those who are seeking future in this field can also get benefits.
Contents: The Pharmacy Services Department, Structure
Services Provided, Hospital Pharmacy Services, Clinical Services, Educational Services, R&D.
Antibiotic stewardship explained in one presentation, which can be helpful to the medical field beginners and students as well as thorough information can be obtained regarding the subject matter.
Objectives:
1. To understand the purpose of implementing an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP)
2.To recall the core elements of hospital and outpatient antibiotic stewardship programs as defined by the CDC
3. To recognize key interventions that an antimicrobial stewardship program can implement in both the hospital and community settings
Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Clinical Application of Liposomes.pptxAfkar432
A simple view about liposomes as a novel drug delivery system
what are liposomes?
how are liposomes prepared?
what are the characterization techniques of liposomes?
what are the advantages and disadvantages of liposomes?
how drugs are uploaded into liposomes?
mechanisms of drug release from liposomes.
Briefly described by Dr. Nizar Muhammad, with a clinical perspective, for the students of Pharmacy and specially for nursing students, the data is taken from an american book, named as Clinical Pharmacology_anonim.
This presentation contains a brief classification of medication on the basis of sources, dosage form, law, affect on body systems, and therapeutic effects. Students of pharmacy, nursing sciences, and medical can benefit from it, for any complain or error, please contact me freely.
This is a brief and limited presentation about the history of pharmacology which may be helpful for students of pharmacy, nursing as well as medical, for any error or complain please contact me
The presentation contains a brief description of the uses and purposes of medications/drugs, which can be helpful for pharmacy, medical as well as nursing students and professionals, for any error or objection contact me please
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Dose calculations- injections for nurses and pharmacists
1. Applied Math in nursing
Nizar Muhammad(PharmD, RPh)
CALCULATING DRUG DOSES
Injections
nizarmuhammad432@gmail.com 1
Unit - 5
7/24/2020
2. Calculating for administration by injection
• The WIG equation is an essential tool for calculating
the volume of a drug to be injected.
7/24/2020 nizarmuhammad432@gmail.com 2
3. The equation
There are several versions of the equation that can be
used, but one of the most commonly applied ones is
known as the ‘WIG’ equation.
• ‘WIG’ stands for ‘Want, In, Got’.
• What you ‘Want’ is the amount of drug prescribed.
• What it is ‘In’ is the volume that the drug is contained
in.
• What you have ‘Got’ is the strength of the solution.
• The WIG equation is written as:
7/24/2020 nizarmuhammad432@gmail.com 3
