Presenter: Stephen L. N. H. Rhoden, PHD. RHO-ENERGY CONSULTING LLC

1. Escenarios sostenibles para
Jamaica y El Caribe
and
Caribbean Association of Sustainable
Energy Professionals (CASEP)
Stephen L. N. H. Rhoden, PHD.
RHO-ENERGY CONSULTING LLC
Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
E-mail: rhoden.stephen@gmail.com
November 17th 2016

2.  Sustainable Development Consulting
 Subject matter experts (SME) specializing in delivering customized
sustainable development solutions.
 - Grant funding access
 - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
 - Energy and water auditing
 - Sustainability consulting
 - Battery and backup power
 - Solar/ photo-voltaic power
 - Electrolysis
 - Co-generation from solid oxide and/or polymer electrolyte fuel cells
 - Gas-electric turbine power cogeneration
 - Potable water, water treatment and hydrodynamics
WHO is RHO-ENERGY?
2
https://jm.linkedin.com/in/stephenrhodenphd

3.  What are the challenges?
 Why consider sustainability?
 Types of sustainable solutions
 The connection between energy and water
 Possible applications
 Conclusion
Outline
3

4. Sustainability: Not Just For
Developed Countries Anymore
4
Pico Duarte, San Juan, Dominican Republic

5. 5
Low equivalent weight Friedel-Crafts cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)
Stephen L. N. H. Rhoden, Clovis A. Linkous, Nahid Mohajeri; Journal of Membrane Science 376 (1-2) (2011)

6. 6

7. Smog - Taj Mahal India
7
Taj Mahal, India

8. 8
http://www.jamentrust.org/

9. Highlights of Jamaica
Environmental Trust
(JAMENT) Petition
9
We call on the Government of Jamaica to:
• Refuse this proposal to construct a 1000MW coal-fired power plant
in Jamaica
• Abide by their commitments to the Paris Agreement of December
2015, which requires phased reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)
• Continue the transition to a new energy future for Jamaica as
outlined in many government documents, including the National
Energy Policy 2009 and Vision 2030, which emphasise energy
conservation, renewables and liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a
transitional fuel for Jamaica.
Our target for this petition is 20,000 signatures and it will be delivered
to the Government of Jamaica on October 31, 2016.

10.  Readily available
 Fuel flexible (especially at higher temperatures)
 LNG, CNG, Gasoline, Diesel, JP8….....
 Low efficiency
 High pollutant emissions (renewables reuse)
 Renewables have low power densities (upgrades are coming)
 High noise (more moving parts than most renewables)
Why Fool with Fossil Fuel?
(Why Fuel with Fossil Fool?)
10

11. 11
GHG Reduction and Energy
Efficiency Go Hand-in-Hand
Priorities:
People
System Design
Efficiency
Resilience

12.  Hydropower
 Fuel cells*
 Solar photovoltaic
 Wind farms
 Thermal
 Solar
 Ocean
 Geo
 Biofuel
 Waste-to-Energy
 Agricultural biomass
 Municipal waste incineration
 Landfill gas incineration
Sustainability Options
12
Jamaica’s Energy: Old Prospects New Resources, Raymond M. Wright, PhD. 1996
*Sustainable Fuel Cell Scenarios for the Caribbean, Clovis Linkous, PhD., Stephen L. Rhoden, 2007
Wigton Wind Farms, Manchester Jamaica - 62.7 MW
Taum Sauk,
Missouri, U.S.A. - 450 MW
GES Content Solar,
Clarendon, Jamaica – 20 MW

13. Hydrogen for Cooking
13Instagram: @rhod_energy

14.  WATER – ENERGY NEXUS
 Utilities - Average energy cost
per delivered volume of water
+ (some $$$$)
 Countries with elevation, even a little, can
convert that Potential Energy to Electrical Energy
Rethinking the Connection
Between Water and Energy
14

15. Where is the Potable Water?
Water source Water volume
(cubic miles)
Water volume
(cubic Km)
Percent of
total water
Percent of total
freshwater
Ice caps, Glaciers, &
Permanent snow
5,773,000 24,064,000 1.7% 68.7%
Total global
freshwater
8,404,000 35,030,000 2.5%
--
Water resources. In Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, ed. By S. H. Schneider, Oxford University Press, New York, vol. 2, pp.817-823, 1996
15

16. Hydro Potential:
A Case Study
16
Study on the importance of harnessing the hydropower resources of the world; J. Maríusson, L. Thorsteinsson, 2000; Eurelectric.
Ideality
1. Gross potential if all runoff is developed to sea level with no loss: 5.8 TW
2. Exploitable potential, considering environmental and other restrictions: 5.1 TW
3. Economically viable potential, cost competitive with other sources: 4.6 TW
4. Technical potential, ignoring economic limitations: 4.4 TW
Reality
1. For technical feasibility, these same sources estimate 1.6–2.3 TW globally.
2. Economic feasibility (in today’s economic climate) drops this to 1.0–1.4 TW
Current Hydro Capacity Worldwide 0.4 TW

17.  Storage Tanks
 Dammed Hydro
 Mountain and Other Run-Off
 Civil Engineered Roads
 Gully’s and Sewerage Systems
 Rivers
 Streams
 Aquifers
Types of Hydroelectric
Generators and Storage
17
Taum Sauk,
Missouri, U.S.A.

18. Hydro Reality:
Jamaica, Caribbean
18

19. Montego Bay, Jamaica
19

20. Meadows of Irwin, Montego Bay
Jamaica
20
~1500 Homes once
All Phases Complete

21. Activated Sludge Process
Sewage Treatment Plant,
Potable Well and Water Tank
21

22. Planned Hydro-Installation
(How much dam energy do we need?)
22
 Sustainable Designs and Implementations
 Energy Audit
 Environmental Impact Assessment
 Energy Management
 Energy Efficiency
 Reliability
 Policy
Offset:
206,000 kWh of Energy or
150 Metric Tons of CO2
https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator

23. Many types of Sustainable
Solutions and Many
Applications!!
 Energy and Water are
Necessary for Life
 Educating Ourselves and
Population
 Design with End
Users as the Priority
 Public and Private
Partnerships
Conclusion:
The Future is Bright!
23

24. Caribbean Association of
Sustainable Energy Professionals
24
We are a group of women and men, who are committed to the
education, research, development and implementation of all
things sustainable!!
caribbeanenergymanagers@gmail.com (876.485.8961 or 876.790.6151)

25.  Dominican Republic
 Smart Villages:
 Cambridge Malaysian Education and Development Trust (CMEDT)
 Universities of Cambridge and the University of Oxford
 Templeton World Charity Foundation
 Caribbean Association of Sustainable Energy Professionals (CASEP)
 The University of Technology at Jamaica (UTech)
 Caribbean Sustainable Energy and Innovation Institute (CSEII)
 Can-Cara Development LLC and Can-Cara Environment LLC
 RHO-Energy Consulting LLC
Gracias,
Obrigado,
Thank You!!
25

26. APPENDIX:
Physics of Hydroelectric Power
26
• A mass, m, raised a height, h against gravity, g = 10 m/s², is given a
potential energy E = mgh.
• The result will be in Joules if the input is expressed in meters,
kilograms, and seconds (MKS, or SI units). Water has a density of ρ =
1000 kg/m³, so if we know how many cubic meters of water flow
through the dam/orifice each second (F), the power available to the
dam will be P = ηρFgh.
• We have inserted η to represent the efficiency of the dam—usually
around 90% (η≈0.90).