This document discusses the history and competitive landscape of domestic airlines in India. It outlines the major airlines - Air India (established in 1932), Jet Airways (incorporated in 1992), and Sahara Airlines (began operations in 1993). It describes the pricing wars that occurred in 2002 when airlines began cutting fares. Indian Airlines launched new schemes like 'Wings of Freedom' and 'Bharat Darshan', while Sahara launched schemes like 'Wings & Wheels' and 'Steal a Seat'. The industry evolved from a monopoly held by Indian Airlines pre-1990, to an oligopoly with a few major players and barriers to entry. Key factors affecting airline costs are labor, fuel prices, capital