This document discusses client/server database environments and the internet database environment. It defines middleware as software that allows applications to interoperate without requiring low-level coding. It then lists six categories of middleware: asynchronous RPC, synchronous RPC, publish/subscribe, message-oriented middleware, object request brokers, and SQL-oriented data access. The document also explains that attaching databases to web pages is important for e-business because it allows customers to check inventory, place orders online, and submit other information to the database.

1. 9. The Client/Server Database
Environment
Chapter 9 and Chapter
10
MODERN DATABASE MANAGEMENT
10. The Internet Database
Environment

2. Tugas MK Sistem Basis Data
 Nama : Dody Iskandar
 NIM : 59719
 Minat : SKI

3. 9. The Client/Server Database Environment
9. Describe six categories of middleware.
Answer :
Middleware : software that allows an application
to inter-operate with other software without
requiring the user to understand and code the
low-level operations necessary to achieve
interoperability.
Chapter 9
 Review Questions (halaman 357)

4. Six categories of middleware :
1. Asynchronous RPC (remote procedure calls).
The client requests services, but does not wait
for a response. It will typically establish a
point-to-point connection with the server and
perform other processing while it waits for the
response. If the connection is lost, the client
must re-establish the connection and send
the request again. This type of middleware
has high scalability but low recoverability.
Chapter 9

5. Six categories of middleware :
2. Synchronous RPC (remote procedure calls).
A distributed program using syncronous RPC
may call sevices available on different
computers. This middleware makes it
possible to establish this facility without
undertaking the detailed coding usually
necessary to write an RPC.
Chapter 9

6. Six categories of middleware :
3. Publish / subcribe
This type of middleware monitors activity and
pushes information to subscribers. It is
asynchronous – the clients, or subscribers,
perform other activities between notifications
from the server. The subscribers notify the
publisher of information that they wish to
receive and when an event occurs which
contains such information, it is sent to the
subscriber, who can then elect to receive the
information or not.
Chapter 9

7. Six categories of middleware :
4. Message-oriented middleware (MOM).
MOM is also asynchronous software, sending
messages that are collected and stored until
they are acted upon, while the client continues
with other processing. Workflow applications
such as insurance policy application, which
often involve several processing steps, can
benefit from MOM. The queue where the
requests are stored can be journalized, thus
providing some recoverability.
Chapter 9

8. Six categories of middleware :
5. Object request brokers (ORBs).
This type of middleware makes it possible for
applications to send objects and request
services in an object-oriented system. The
ORB tracks the location of each object and
routes requests to each object. Current
ORBs are synchronous, but asynchronous
ORBs are being developed.
Chapter 9

9. Six categories of middleware :
6. SQL – oriented data access
Connecting applications to databases over
networks is achieved by using SQL –
oriented data access middleware. This
middleware also has the capability to
translate generic SQL into the SQL specific
to the database. Database vendors and
companies that have developed
multidatabase access middleware dominate
this middleware segment.
Chapter 9

10. 10. The Internet Database Environment
4. Explain why attaching a database to a Web
page is important in the facilitation of e-
business.
Answer :
Electronic business (e-business) : a
technology-enable business that is using
Internet-related technology to facilitate the
development of more integrated relationships
with customers and suppliers.
Chapter 10
 Review Questions (halaman 389)

11. 10. The Internet Database Environment
The servers store information in database to
be sent to the browsers on request. It is
necessary to access databases for
current information, such as inventory
availability, and to record information,
such as the data items associated with
an order, in these applications.
Chapter 10

12. Other sites provide more interactivity between the
user and the database, in that the user can
send back information to a database that is
attached to a site. This capability has
supported the explosive growth of e-business,
as orders may be placed on-line by customers.
The customer is frequently able to determine
prior to placing an order whether a desired
product is in stock or not, and how long it
should take to receive it. Applications that
enable e-business include the capability to
both display and load databases attached to a
site.
Chapter 10