Building Intranet

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1. Explain about Client/Server Model.
Ans: Client/server model describes the relationship between two computer in which one
client, makes a service request fromwhereas the server fulfills the request.
In a network, the client/server model provides a convenient way to interconnect programs
that are distributed efficiently across different locations.
For example, checking bank account from your computer, a client program in your
computer forwards your request to a server program at the bank. That program may in
turn forward the request to its own client program that sends a request to a databaseserver
at another bank computer to retrieve your account balance which in turn serves it back to
the client in your personal computer, which displays the information for you.
Advantage:
Greater ease of maintenance.
All the data is stored on the servers, so everything can be centrally controlled.
Since data storage is centralized, updates to that data are far easier to administer.
It functions with multiple different clients of different capabilities.
2. What is the difference between two-tier and three-tier architecture of Intranet
based on functionality.
Two-tierarchitecture Three-tierarchitecture
In Two-Tier Architecture has just two
layers
1. GUI/ interface / presentation layer
2. Database layer (where we store/retrieve
our data)
Basically this architecture is followed in
client/server
applications where database and
application resides in the
same machine or database may in other
machine connected
Through network.
Three-Tire Architecture:
In three tier architecture has three layers:
1. Presentation Layer
2. Business Layer/ Mid Layer
3. Database Layer.
Presentation Layer: GUI/Interface, where a
user view/enters the data.
Business Layer: where business login and
rules are executed
& can accommodate hundreds of users.

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Database Layer: Data access layer takes
care of connection between the application
and storing the data as a warehouse
application.
Two-tier architecture is a client/server
architecture ,
where a request to do some task is sent to
the server & the server responds by
performing the task.
three-
tier or a multi tier architecture has client,
server and database. Where the client
request is sent to the server and the server
in turn sends the request to the database.
The database sends back the
information/data required to the server
which inturn sends it to the client.
Client server application. Client acts as
Front End
and Server acts as Backend like databases
three tier
architecture is web based application.
Eg: Yahoo, Hotmail
3. What is intranet? Write down the advantages and disadvantages of intranet.
Ans: An "intranet" is a private and internal local-network that uses the typical internet-
protocols hierarchy to provide various services to its user. Like on the Internet, all
machines in the Intranet have an IP-address.
Advantages:
Intranets can help users to locate/view information faster and use applications.
Intranets can serve as powerful tools for communication within an organization
within short time.
Intranets are also being used as a platform for developing and deploying
applications to support business operations
Users can view information and data via web-browser rather than maintaining
physical documents such as procedure manuals
Disadvantages:
Management fears loss of control
Hidden or unknown complexity and costs
Unauthorized access
Abuse of access
Denial of service
Packet sniffing

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4. Explain about File server, Application server and database server.
Ans: File Server: File server is a computer responsible for the central storage and
management of data files so that other computers on the same network can access the
files. A file server allows users to share information over a network without having to
physically transfer files by diskette or some other external storage device. Any computer
can be configured to be a host and act as a file server.
Application server: An application server, in an n-tier software architecture which
serves an API (application programming interface) to expose business logic and business
processes for use by third-party applications.
The term can refer to:
1. the servicesthat a server makes available
2. the computer hardwareon which the services run
3. the software frameworkused to host the services (such as JBoss application
serveror Oracle Application Server)
Example : JAVA-- J2EE or Java EE 5 application server.
MICROSOFT-- .NET Framework
ZEND--- PHP
Database server. : A database server is a computer program that provides database
services to other computer programs or computers.
Example: SQL, MySql
database server
5. Define the Extranet. What is middleware?
Ans: An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public
telecommunication system to securely share part of a business's information or operations
with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be
viewed as part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company.
An extranet requires security and privacy which includes firewall/digital certificates or
similar means of user authentication, encryption of messages, and the use of virtual
private networks (VPNs) that tunnel through the public network.

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Middleware acts as mediate between two separate and often already existing programs.
It connects two or more software applications, allowing them to exchange data.
It includes web servers, application servers, and similar tools that support application
development and delivery
6. What is primary and extended partition?
Ans: The primary partitionis normally apartitions with an operating system,mostly in
our case the C: partition.
An extended partition is the space in a drive which can be divided in many logical
drives, which makes it possible to have more than four virtual partitions
7. What is distributed system in Client/Server Model?
Ans: A distributed system in Client/Server Model consists of multiple computers that
communicate through a computer network to interact with each other in order to achieve
a common goal. A computer program that runs in a distributed system is called a
distributed program, and distributed programming is the process of writing such
programs.
Advantages:
Fault-Tolerant: Helps to recover from component failures without performing
incorrect actions.
Highly Available: It can restore operations, permitting it to resume providing
services even when some components have failed.
Recoverable: Failed components can restart themselves and rejoin the system,
after the cause of failure has been repaired.
Consistent: The system can coordinate actions by multiple components often in
the presence of concurrency and failure. This underlies the ability of a distributed
system to act like a non-distributed system.
Scalable: It can operate correctly even as some aspect of the system is scaled to a
larger size.
Predictable Performance: The ability to provide desired responsiveness in a timely
manner.
Secure: The system authenticates access to data and services.
cleint middle
ware
servers

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8. What does DHCP stands for, how does it work and when would it be used?
Ans: DHCP means Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
DHCP is used for assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a networkautomatically.
DHCP should be used in Computers in a company which often changes locations within a
building, and network configurations change.
9. What is Windows 2003 Internet Information Services (IIS) and what functions
does it provide?
Ans: Internet Information Services (IIS) - formerly called Internet Information
Server - is a set of Internet-based services for servers created by Microsoft for use with
Microsoft Windows.
Function :
Windows operating system registry for World Wide Web Publishing Service
FTP Publishing Service
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) service
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) service
10. What is the IPCONFIG command, and how can it be used to check network
connectivity?
Ans: ipconfig (internet protocol configuration) in Microsoft Windows is a console
application that displays all current TCP/IP network configurations.
Syntax: ipconfig/all