This ppt is about principles and some techniques of counseling

1. PRINCIPLES ANDTECHNIQUES OF COUNSELLING:
OBSERVATION, LISTENING, NON –VERBAL
BEHAVIOUR,
,
ANSEELA. K
THIRD SEMESTER
MSW
ST. JOSEPH’S COLLEGE
PILATHRA

2. INTRODUCTION
Offering a counseling relationship to a person who is looking for
assistance in talking through a personal issues carry a burden of
responsibility.
It is not a commitment to be undertaken casually.
Being in the role of counsellor often involves learning about and
responding areas of confusion, pain and sensitivity

3. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING
According to Daniel and Shafal, the counseling process is based
on some basic principles
1. PRINCIPLE OF ACCEPTANCE
Acceptance refers to liking the client irrespective of his negative qualities
and conduct.
Acceptance is to accept the individual, but not all his actions, with the
expression of good will towards the client without any criticism.
Acceptance implies that the counsellor considers the client as a person with
feelings, thoughts and experiences unique to him.

4. 2. PRINCIPLE OF PERMISSIVENESS
Principle of permissiveness is emphasising on expression of feelings and
clarification of the problem.
Here the counsellor allows a great degree of freedom for ventilation of his
feelings and client experiences a feeling from emotional stress obtained
through communication of problem.
It allows client to express himself or herself without any interpretation.
Here counsellor is not just a passive listener but a listener who is
positive and encouraging

5. 3. PRINCIPLE OF RESPECT FOR INDIVIDUAL
Every Individual is unique and the uniqueness has to be
respected.
The client should be seen first of all as human being and not jist
yhe person in case.
All the school's of thoughts of counseling advocate for the
respect of the Individual

6. 4. PRINCIPLE OFTHINKING WITH INDIVIDUAL
Counselling emphasises thinking with individual.
Counseling is a sense of reaching out into the psychological world of the
client.
The counselor has not only to try to reach out to the heart of the client but
should also be understand his deeper feelings
This method by which can best be done is through empathy

7. 5. PRINCIPLE OF LEARNING
According to this principle, counsellor and counselee both are constantly
working on counselee' s personality through learning
They both try to learn about significant feelings and ideas that determine
the behaviour of the client.
Learning create an emotional bond and work as transmitting belt between
counsellor and counselee.
In counselling both are learning about the problem and situation of
counselee and the counselee has the right to take best possible action to
solve his/her problem

8. 6. PRINCIPLES OF CONSISTENCY WITH
IDEALS OF DEMOCRACY
All the principles are associated with ideals of democracy.
The ideals of democracy desire to accept a person and want to respect
the rights of others.
It is expected from every person not to interfere with the fundamental
rights of another person.
The process of counselling is based on the ideals of person's
respect.
It is a process which accepts individual difference

9. TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELING
1.LISTENING
Listening refers to the abilty of counsellor to capture and
understand the messages client communicate
Messages are transmitted verbally or non verbally.
Active listening involves the following four skills :-
1. Listening to and understanding the client’s verbal message
2. Listening to and interpreting client’s non verbal messages
3. Listening to and understanding the client in context
4. Listening with empathy

10. Active listening is not an easy skill to acquire. Counselor should be aware of
the following hindrance to effective listening :-
■ Inadequate listening
■ Evaluating listening
■ Filtered listening
■ Lavels as filters
■ Rehearsing
■ Sympathetic listening

11. 2.NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR
Non verbal behaviour can provide a broader
understanding of communication submitted by the
client. Here is the nonverbal behaviour that could be
considered by the counsellor according to
Thompson,2005 namely
■ Eye contact
■ Arms crossed
■ Blank face
■ Looking down

12. ■ Lowering the eye brows
■ Raising eye brow
■ Hands behind head
■ Hands on hip
■ Exihibiting dominance

13. Winkel (2007) provides an explanation for nonverbal
techniques that can be used in counseling are : -
■ Smile
■ How to sit down
■ Nod of head
■ The movements of arms
and head
■ Silence
■ Expression
■ Eye contact
■ The variation in tone of
voice and speed of
speech
■ Touch

14. 3. OBSERVATION
Skilled client observation allows the counsellor to identify
discrepancies or incongruities in the client’s or their own
communication.
Observation is a skill that is utilised throughout the entire
counselling interview.
Observing body language,tone of voice and facial expressions.